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THE PLACE AND IMPORTANCE OF MAQOM ART IN THE EDUCATION OF
YOUTH
Baymanova Feruza Abralovna
Jizakh State Pedagogical University
Teacher Of The Department Of Music Education
Abstract:
This article discusses the art of maqom and its current development, issues related to
its study and teaching to young performers, and useful advice in this regard. This article provides
general information for young people interested in the art of maqom and enriches their ideas
about maqom.
Kеywоrds:
Maqom, national art, music, Shashmaqom, methods, prose, meter, melody.
INTRОDUСTIОN
The art of maqom is present in the musical heritage of most Eastern peoples and forms the basis
of national music. Maqoms are a musical complex created in a certain order and are a unique and
refined form of compositional creativity. Maqoms are, in a broad sense, an encyclopedia of folk
music. Because in them, in particular in Shashmaqom, a number of aspects based on the rules of
connection between poetry and folk singing, characteristic of the music of the Uzbek and Tajik
peoples, have found their full expression. The author of the encyclopedia "Giyosul-lugat"
Ghiyosuddin describes it as follows: "Maqom - pardai surudro go'yand" - "Maqom is called the
curtain of melodies and songs." It is known from old sources about music that maqoms have
historical, theoretical and practical aspects.
MАTЕRIАLS АND MЕTHОDS
Their theoretical issues are deeply commented on in the treatises of such great scholars as Kindi,
Farobi, Khorezmi, Ibn Sina, Urmavi; Shirozi, Marogi, Jami and Husayni, who lived and worked
in the 9th-15th centuries.
The art of Uzbek maqom has a thousand-year history. The rich meaning of the words of Uzbek
maqom has been recognized in all times. The maqoms of our country “Shashmaqom”,
“Khorezm”, “Fergana - Tashkent” are distinguished by the unique position of the melody and the
way of performance. The era, time, social reality have had an important influence on its
development and refinement over the centuries.
Just as each science has its own history, stages of formation and development, the art of maqom
also has a rich history of several centuries. Maqom is a mature and unique genre of oral
professional music, created by composers in the Middle Ages [1].
Maqom is a melody that has seeped from the soul of our people. Therefore, it has survived for
centuries. Unfortunately, in recent years, attention to this joyful and magical art form has seemed
to wane. However, the decision of our President on the development of the national art of
maqom came at a time when, as the Head of our State noted at a meeting with representatives of
the creative intelligentsia of Uzbekistan, we must work to widely promote the art of maqom,
which is a unique heritage of our people, not only in our country, but also throughout the world,
and, if necessary, organize maqom competitions on an international scale. The noble efforts to
preserve our national heritage as the apple of our eye and to convey it to the youth, at the
initiative of our President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, are clearly reflected in the enormous attention
and care shown to the development of national maqom art. The resolutions of November 17,
2017 “On measures for the further development of Uzbek national maqom art” became an
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unforgettable event in the history of our art. This document played a very important role in
deeply studying Uzbek maqom art, promoting its unique performing schools and traditions at a
new stage, creating and enriching its “golden fund”, increasing its international prestige and
widely promoting it. The endless attention paid to the development of national maqom art is
inspiring and inspiring all artists. The Uzbek people have a vast and unique musical heritage.
The crown jewel of Uzbek national musical art, "Shashmaqom" and its series, in harmony with
our classical poetry, have created a beautiful example of art, which is admired by people around
the world.
RЕSULTS АND DISСUSSIОN
In our country, the biennial international music festival "Sharq Taronalari", competitions and
creative projects dedicated to the promotion of this unique musical heritage have become a good
tradition. In 2003, the recognition of "Shashmaqom" by UNESCO as a "Masterpiece of the Oral
and Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity" is a practical expression of attention and
recognition to the art of maqom. The establishment of the Uzbek National Center for Maqom Art
in our capital, which is now starting its effective activities, is also a continuation of great events.
For us, the art of maqom, which is an invaluable artistic encyclopedia, has been expressing the
human spirit, its sorrows, dreams, and noble aspirations on high screens for centuries and
hundreds of years.
Maqom gives peace and tranquility to the heart, purity and moderation to the psyche. Its miracle
is clearly manifested in the fact that even foreigners who do not understand the Uzbek language
are enchanted and listen to this ancient heritage of ours in a flood.
We need to mobilize all our resources so that the melodies of maqom, the spirit and philosophy
of maqom take a deep place in the hearts of every person, first of all, in the minds and hearts of
our growing young generation [2].
Maqom is an invaluable spiritual heritage of our people. This art has gone through a long period
of development, many artists and composers have contributed to its gradual development. They
contain the most delicate melodies of human experiences. Therefore, a certain preparation is
necessary to feel and understand maqom. For this, a person must love music from a young age
and connect his spiritual maturity with this aspect. Hearing maqom does not mean fully
understanding it. As for the way of performance, it is a separate art, a separate culture.
The common feature of the Turkic peoples' maqom is the special emphasis on the climax and
completion of the melody. The climax is higher, and the final part is performed gracefully,
pleasing to the heart. Maqom is a very large category. It differs from other musical works in its
perfection, melody and form systems. Therefore, when performing a maqom, it is necessary, first
of all, to be aware of classical literature. If the performer does not understand the meaning of a
word while working on a maqom, he will not be able to sing this ghazal in rhythm, that is, a wall
will appear between the poet and the hafiz. Maqom is a very great science. Maqom should be
free from the frivolous words and actions of amateur singers.
Maqom is a rich treasure passed down from our ancestors to our generations. We must preserve
it and be able to convey it to today's young artists without any losses in its originality. For this,
first of all, we must understand the essence of this golden art, understand and perform its magical
brilliance, its heart-touching melodies, and its original form. Otherwise, if we try to convey to
the younger generation an understanding that we ourselves have not fully understood, it may be
our lack of education and disrespect for this magnificent art. It is advisable to follow the
following tips when studying the art of maqom.
- Determining the skill of the performer of a musical work. What does this mean? For example:
what is the meaning of this work for a student who is learning a work. If it is the first work, then
it is permissible to choose an easy and shorter work. Depending on the skill being developed, it
is appropriate to gradually complicate the works [3].
- Determining the vocal capabilities of the performer of a musical work. In this case, it is known
that the ratio of the performer's voice to the peak pitches of the selected work should correspond.
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That is, if the peak pitch of the performer's voice is constantly on the note "Fa" and the peak of
the selected work is on the pitch "Lya", it will cause difficulties and discomfort for the performer.
- Determining the origin of the musical work. For example: Let's take "Adolat Tanovori". There
are legends that this musical work was performed for a girl named Adolat by her brother. The
origin of works such as "Munojot" itself reflects the situation in the performance of the musical
work. Therefore, knowing the origin of a musical work will make the circumstances of its
performance more realistic.
- Understanding the words in a musical work and their meaning. In this case, determining the
original meaning of the words in the musical work being performed gives the words a special
magic and naturalness during the performance. If the performer does not understand the meaning
of the words in the song he is singing, then the song will not obey him.
- Pay attention to the original and pure performance of the musical work. “If you correct the
maqom - correct it, do not break it.” No one has the right to break the maqom. Mispronouncing a
word, misinterpreting the melody, climax is tantamount to betraying the rich spiritual heritage of
the people. A ghazal that begins with “I came yesterday” should not be performed in the form of
“I came yesterday”. In this, special importance should be attached to working with words.
Changes can only be made to the maqom if it can be performed more beautifully [5].
The knowledge gained based on the above tips will help you learn the art of maqom more easily.
СОNСLUSIОN
When you study the art of maqom, if you delve deeper into its sources and origins, you will
realize that every aspect is taken from the human soul. For example, let's take the methods in the
maqom. Methods are factors that determine the structural characteristics of maqoms.
Distinguishing them allows you to correctly understand the appearance of maqoms. They are
composed in a certain order. Each method has its own name. For example: Sarakhbor, nasr,
talqin, savt, gardun, talqin, kasharcha, soqinoma, ufar, etc. According to sources, the first method
was taken from the beating of a human vein. If you touch the vein with your finger, you will
notice that it beats evenly, as if "from one to the other". Scientists call this "Usuli zarbi qadim"
(Ancient method of percussion). This is also a kind of magic. In studying and teaching the art of
"Maqom" with such magic, we must first deeply study its origin, formation, and its importance
today, and convey these concepts to young learners in their original form, hoping that it will
serve as a basis for the art of maqom to live and thrive for thousands of years to come. In an era
when national spirituality and enlightenment are opening our eyes again, it is important to shed
light on the long-standing history of our people's art, study our musical heritage, and convey it to
our industry-loving people. In particular, in this regard, the traditional folk performing school,
which has been passed down from teacher to student, is considered the main source. We must
refer to the historical works of our great scholars who lived and created in the past, as well as
deeply study the masterpieces left by our great industrialists.
RЕFЕRЕNСЕS
1.
1. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures for the further
development of the Uzbek national maqom art” Tashkent 17.11.2017
2.
2. Yunus Rajabiy. “Fundamentals of maqom” G’.G’ulom nomli sabayat va san’at
rasshyoto . Tashkent 1992.
3.
3. Khaitov, J., Khakberdiev, K., & Kamilova, A. (2022). MUNG BEANS ARE A
SOURCE OF PROTEIN AND A HIGH ENERGY SOURCE. International Bulletin of Medical
Sciences and Clinical Research, 2(12), 61-63.
4.
4. Inoyatova, Z. X., Po’Latova, G. N., & Khojimurodova, D. (2022). Formation of a
scientific worldview in students during the educational process. Science and Education, 3(12),
795-800.
5.
5. Jamolova, M. (2022). Characteristics of Mythological Worlds and their Impact on
Human Consciousness.Zien Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7.
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6.
6. Bisht, Y. S., Alzubaidi, L. H., Gulbakhor, U., Yuvaraj, S., Saravanan, T., Kumar, R. S.,
& Dari, S. S. (2024). Legal Framework for Energy Transition: Balancing Innovation and
Regulation. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 540, p. 13015). EDP Sciences.
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7. Kendjayeva, G. (2020). ANALYSIS BEYOND THE SIMILARITY OF THE WORKS
OF NEW ZEALAND WRITER KATHERINE MANSFIELD AND RUSSIAN DRAMATIST
ANTON CHEKHOV.TSENTR NAUCHNYX PUBLIKATSIY (bukhdu. en), 10(9).
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8. Saidakbarova, M. A. (2025). FISCAL POLICY IS A FACTOR IN STIMULATING
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENSURING STABILITY.International Scientific Journal of
Modern Scientific Research, 3(3), 64-71.
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9. Anvarovich, N. E. (2024). The Role of Information Technologies in the Innovative
Development of Banks.ONLINE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND INTERNATIONAL
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10.
10. Talaboev, A., Akbarov, T., & Haydarov, A. The European Journal of Arts, Issue
1/2020.
11.
11. Yunusov, G., Juraev, I., & Ahmedov, R. (2020). A LOOK AT THE REGIONAL
SEASONAL FOLKLORE AND THEIR ORIGIN. THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF
FOLKLORE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DANCE ART. European Journal of Arts, (1), 121-
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