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SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF TOOLS EXPRESSING DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT IN
ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES.
Allayarova Guzal Nuritdinovna,
Teacher of Navoi State University
Orcid ID: 0009-0006-9598-834x
Email: Guzal@nspi.uz
Tel: +998 88 559 01 15
Abstract:
This article aims to conduct a semantic analysis of linguistic tools used to express
direction of movement in English and Uzbek languages. The study focuses on the various
expressions, prepositions, adverbs, and verb constructions that both languages use to convey the
notion of direction, movement, and orientation. While these concepts are universal, their
linguistic representation may differ significantly, highlighting the influence of culture, cognition,
and grammatical structures on language. This research draws comparisons between the two
languages and analyzes the underlying semantic structures that shape the expression of motion
and direction in English and Uzbek.
Key words:
linguistic tools, movement, notion, diverse ways, linguistically distinct, authentic
sources, directional concepts, nuanced directions of movement.
Introduction:
Movement and direction are essential components of human experience and
communication. In language, the representation of movement often goes beyond simple physical
displacement; it incorporates various cognitive and cultural elements. Both English and Uzbek,
though geographically and linguistically distinct, provide rich and diverse ways of expressing
movement and direction. This article will focus on a comparative semantic analysis of how each
language employs different tools (such as prepositions, adverbs, and verb constructions) to
express directionality.
Methodology.
The research involves a comparative analysis of examples from both English and Uzbek. The
data were gathered from a range of authentic sources including literature, spoken language, and
academic texts. Various linguistic tools such as prepositions, verb forms, and adverbs that are
used to express directionality were identified and categorized. The analysis focuses on the
semantic nuances of these tools and how they contribute to the overall expression of movement
direction.
Semantic Analysis of verbs of motion in English and Uzbek languages:
The semantic aspect of the verb differs from the semantic aspects of other independent parts of
speech, such as a noun, in that the verb performs a function in the language, which is determined
by three factors:
1) correlation with reality, which is not the faces of objects, but the faces of their relations,
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actions and states;
2) categorical semantics of subject names combined with the verb;
3) the type of semantic relations between the action, its subject and object, and, accordingly, the
type of thoughts “subject-action”, “action-object”, “subject-action-object”
For example, the Uzbek verb of movement “uchmoq” - (fly), like other verbs of movement,
correlates with reality - it means movement in the air; the meaning of “movement” is closely
related to the meaning of the animate noun in the singular (qush-bird); the meaning “uchmoq”
corresponds to the predicate meaning and can be realized according to the model “S (subject) + P
(predicate)” (Qush havoda uchdi) - The bird flies in the air.
It should be noted that these definitions do not exhaust the semantic possibility of the Uzbek verb
“
uchmoq
”. Here its semantic potentiality is listed from the point of view of usage. “
Uchmoq
” is
also used in relation to the movement of people, where its secondary, non-usual (usual) meanings
will be realized, but one of the potential meanings of the connotative use of the verb “uchmoq”
- (fly) is realized.
Or, for example, the word
“Yurmoq”
- (to go) //
“bormoq”.
The subject of the Uzbek verb
“yurmoq // bormoq” - (to go), which is too broad in terms of the concept it expresses, can be
“
odam”
- (human),
“hayvonot”
- (animal),
vehicle
(mashina, arava, parovoz, tramvay ), a natural
phenomenon
“yomg‘ir”
- (rain), “
qor”
- (snow) and even abstract concepts - “
vaqt
” - (time),
“hayot” - (life).
The Uzbek verb “
yurmoq”
in English has a number of lexical equivalents, for example: “walk,
move, ride”.
Prepositions and Postpositions:
Both English and Uzbek use prepositions (in English) and
postpositions (in Uzbek) to indicate directionality. In English, common prepositions include "to,"
"towards," "into," "onto," "through," and others, each specifying a different type of movement.
For example:
"
She is going to the store
" (indicating destination).
"
He walked towards the park
" (indicating direction).
"
They ran into the building
" (indicating entering a space).
In Uzbek, the equivalents are often postpositions that follow the noun, and the meaning depends
heavily on the case endings of the noun. For example:
"
U do'konga boradi
" (He is going to the store).
"
U parkga yurib ketdi
" (He walked towards the park).
"
U bino ichiga kirdi
" (He entered the building).
While both languages use similar directional concepts, Uzbek often conveys these meanings with
more complex verb constructions, using verb roots and suffixes to reflect motion and
directionality.
1
Rasulov R. Meaning structure of Uzbek verbs. Monograph 2nd edition. - T: 2008. 142 p.
2
Mengliev B.R. Semantic properties and syntactic possibilities of morphological means: Abstract of the thesis. ...
candidate of philological sciences: 10.02.02. - Tashkent, 1996. - 24 p.
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Adverbs of Motion and Direction:
Both languages use adverbs to indicate direction. In English,
adverbs such as "up," "down," "forward," "backward," and "away" are commonly used. These
adverbs are frequently paired with verbs of motion to describe the action more precisely:
"
She ran up the hill.
"
"
He looked back at the building
."
"
They moved forward towards the gate
."
In Uzbek, adverbs like "yuqoriga" (up), "pastga" (down), "oldinga" (forward), and "orqaga"
(backward) function similarly, though the structure often includes the case suffix for the
direction of movement. For example:
"
U tepalikka yugurdi
" (She ran up the hill).
"
U binoga qarab yurdi
" (He looked back at the building).
"
U darvazaga oldinga keldi
" (He moved forward towards the gate).
Verb Constructions:
Verb morphology in both languages plays a crucial role in expressing
movement direction. English typically uses auxiliary verbs and particle combinations (e.g., "go
in," "run out") to convey nuanced directions of movement. Conversely, Uzbek utilizes complex
verb forms and suffixes, which can express directionality without needing an auxiliary verb.
For
example:
English:
"
She walked into the room
."
Uzbek:
"
U xona ichiga kirib bordi
" (She entered the room).
The verb "kirib borish" in Uzbek carries the sense of entering a space and progressing into it,
encapsulating both the motion and the destination in one word.
Metaphorical Expressions of Direction:
Both languages employ metaphorical expressions to
describe abstract movements and directions, such as progress or change in perspective. For
instance, in English, expressions like "move forward with an idea" or "go towards success"
reflect the direction of abstract or metaphorical movement. Similarly, in Uzbek, metaphors like
"yuksalish" (ascent, rise) and "pastga qarash" (looking down, degrading) are used to describe
metaphorical upward or downward movements.
Discussion.
The semantic structures used to express direction in both English and Uzbek are shaped by the
languages' grammatical systems and cultural contexts. English tends to rely more heavily on
prepositions and auxiliary verbs, while Uzbek utilizes verb forms and suffixes that combine
motion and directionality. Additionally, the ways in which both languages express metaphorical
movement show how language structures are influenced by cognitive patterns and cultural
understandings of motion.
Conclusion.
This study has explored the semantic tools used to express directionality in English and Uzbek.
Despite the similarities in the universal human experience of movement, the two languages
3
Morozova V. Yu. Verbs of movement in literary texts of the English language // Research of young scientists:
materials of the II International scientific conference (Kazan, July 2019). - Kazan: Young scientist, 2019. P.60-61.
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exhibit distinct approaches to conveying directional meaning.
The comparative analysis
highlights how grammatical structures, such as prepositions, adverbs, and verb constructions,
serve as key vehicles for representing motion. Future research could delve further into the
cognitive and cultural implications of directional expressions and explore how language
evolution impacts the representation of motion over time.
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