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TECHNICAL CONDITION OF MOTOR VEHICLES ROAD - INFLUENCE ON THE
ORIGIN OF TRANSPORT INCIDENTS
Kalauov Saydulla Aymakhanovich
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor
Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Shukurov Nuritdin Rakhimovich
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate
Professor Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Abstract:
according to the results of the statistics of road traffic accidents caused by vehicles,
defects caused by their parts during the operation of vehicles have a greater impact on the
occurrence of road traffic accidents.The article describes the effect of the technical condition of
vehicles on the prevention of traffic accidents during the operation of vehicles.
Keywords:
Vehicles, traffic accidents, car, traffic rules, operational indicator of the car, road
vehicles, road accidents, roads, operational aids of automobiles, technical maintenance
Introduction
It is known that road transport is an important component of modern infrastructure, and its
sustainable development is important for the rapid growth and integration of the country's
economy, and for improving the well-being of the population. At the same time, the constant
growth of the number of motor vehicles worldwide leads to an increase in problems related to
ensuring the safety of road users. [1].
According to the results of an analysis of traffic accident statistics involving vehicles from state
and private motor transport enterprises in Uzbekistan, defects in control components (brakes,
steering, and tires) that occur during the operation of vehicles are the most common cause of
traffic accidents. For example, the share of road accidents related to the technical condition of
vehicles is as follows [2]:
brake system – 42.5%;
steering – 19%;
tires – 22.5%;
wheels – 6%;
horn, headlights – 1.5%;
coupling devices – 1%;
other parts – 7.5%.
Ensuring road safety places high demands on drivers. Studies conducted on the age of drivers
and the number of road accidents they cause show that the highest number of accidents are
caused by drivers aged 18 to 40.
Currently, there are more than 5 million cars in Uzbekistan, and according to data from 2024,
drivers violated more than 20 million traffic rules. Fines paid to the state exceeded 1 trillion. The
number of drivers who violated more than 10 traffic rules in a year is 1 million 850 thousand. In
2024, 9364 traffic accidents occurred, in which 2203 people died [3].
The main reasons for the occurrence of road accidents are drivers' failure to comply with traffic
rules, driving under the influence of alcohol, driving without rest under the influence of various
drugs and when extremely tired, disrespect for pedestrians, pedestrians' failure to comply with
traffic rules, lack of mutual respect between drivers, low driving culture, arbitrarily changing the
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technical condition of some units and systems of cars during operation by the driver, damage to
some parts and units and their failure, which in turn leads to a decrease in the operational
characteristics of the car [4].
The operational characteristics of the car include the following indicators:
raction dynamics of the car;
the loss of traction-speed characteristics of the car as a result of the erosion of engine
units and details shows a 15-20% decrease in power;
Failures caused by bending and friction of chassis parts, unevenness of movement,
loss of control cause increased resistance.
Deterioration of the technical condition of a vehicle leads to a 20-25% decrease in maximum
speed and a 25-30% increase in acceleration distance and time, as well as making it more
difficult to ensure road safety. Such movement of vehicles leads to the occurrence of accidents
on the roads during their operation [5].
The dynamics of vehicle braking can be observed in the following elements of vehicles:
coating of brake pads, their lubrication;
reduction of the braking system due to compressor failure;
loss of tightness of pipes;
failure of the brake valve and pressure regulator.
Even a small malfunction can pose a danger during movement, mainly due to the failure of the
vehicle's braking system. For example: an increase in the gap between the brake mechanism
drum and the pad by 0.5 mm leads to a 2.5-fold increase in the braking distance. As a result of a
lubricated friction pad, the braking distance increases by 4-5 times [6].
Stagnation of the car is observed in cases such as loss of control of the car on roads, increase in
braking distance, loss of gear ratio, skidding, overturning. Loss of vehicle stability can cause a
serious traffic accident.
Vehicle controllability - steering malfunctions are the main cause of a change in steering
direction and, as a result, a serious traffic accident.
To ensure traffic safety, the structural and geometric elements of roads must fully comply with
the requirements of construction regulations and standard construction standards in all road
conditions. The type of road surface, its roughness, weather conditions and other factors have a
significant impact on traffic safety.
When driving a vehicle, road accidents are prevented by reducing speed and stopping. Stopping a
vehicle is carried out in simple and complex ways.
Simple braking is defined as braking to reduce the speed of the vehicle or to stop it at a
predetermined point. Such braking occurs on a flat surface. In order to prevent sideslip on
slippery roads, it is carried out by slowly depressing the brake pedal with the engine engaged and
the transmission engaged.
Complex braking is understood as stopping the vehicle in a short distance. That is, it is defined
as braking with high intensity in order to avoid hitting an obstacle that unexpectedly appeared on
the roadway or was detected too late during movement.
If the wheels become fully locked when a sudden stop is required:
stopping distance increases;
there is a risk of the car moving sideways.
Therefore, it is necessary to soften the pressure of the brake pedal when a sideways movement
occurs. On slippery roads, it is not recommended to use the brake pedal to stop, that is, the driver
can prevent the wheels from locking by applying a quick and short brake pedal.
It is advisable to carry out complex braking with the transmission engaged. This ensures smooth
stopping of the car on a flat surface and increases its stability.
The mass of the car, its overall dimensions, the nature of the cargo placement on it and other uses
affect its performance. For example, a car with a high load should be driven at a low speed in
order to increase stability when cornering or braking sharply.
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The braking characteristics of a car are the characteristics that allow the driver to reduce the
speed of the car at will, to stop quickly when necessary, and to stop when stopping on slopes.
Modern car brakes produce a braking force much greater than the friction force between the road
and the tire. In this situation, the car's wheels can move in a locked (non-rotating) state, which
can lead to wheel slip and the car moving without obeying the driver [7].
Braking characteristics are evaluated by several indicators. The main of which is the maximum
deceleration and stopping distance.
The overall dimensions of the vehicle, weight parameters, load capacity (passenger carrying
capacity), speed and braking characteristics, stability against overturning, skidding and sideslip,
fuel efficiency, reliability, etc. are called indicators of the vehicle's ability to perform its work
efficiently and safely.
Speed and braking characteristics The driver must control the vehicle without exceeding the
specified, limited speed, taking into account the traffic volume, the characteristics and condition
of the vehicle and cargo, road and weather conditions, as well as visibility in the direction of
travel. The maximum speed can only be limited by such indicators as road conditions, road width,
number of lanes, condition of the road surface, visibility distance and operating characteristics of
the vehicle.
In order to ensure the safety of vehicles on the roads and monitor their technical condition,
Resolution №125 of the Cabinet of Ministers of March 9, 2021 “On additional measures to
improve the procedure for mandatory technical inspection of vehicles” was adopted, and
amendments and additions were made to this resolution on July 8, 2024 [8, 9].
According to this resolution, light motor vehicles owned by individuals with a production date of
up to 10 years will undergo a technical inspection on a voluntary basis. It is envisaged that light
motor vehicles will undergo a mandatory technical inspection at the following intervals:
light motor vehicles with a production date of 11 to 14 years - once every 2 years;
light motor vehicles with a production date of 15 years or more - once every 1 year.
However, these intervals do not apply to light motor vehicles used for commercial passenger
transportation.
Conclusion
Thus, in the process of analyzing road accidents caused by technical malfunctions of vehicles on
the roads, it should be noted that the use of such vehicles with the participation of technically
defective vehicles poses a serious threat not only to other vehicles, but also to the safety of
pedestrians.
Also, malfunctions of the coupling device in road trains and trailers, malfunctions of electrical
equipment, and the absence of seat belts and (or) head restraints provided for in the design of the
vehicle increase the likelihood of road accidents.
In order to ensure the safe and reliable movement of vehicles on the roads, it is advisable to
constantly review the technical condition of vehicles, to carry out the maintenance regulations on
time and in full, as well as to use the fuel and lubrication and operational materials recommended
by the manufacturer.
References:
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measures to improve the procedure for mandatory technical inspection of vehicles”.
