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THE ROLE OF METROLOGICAL CONTROL AND STANDARDIZATION
IN IMPROVING AIR QUALITY THROUGH STREET WATERING
(CASE OF ANDIJAN CITY)
D.B. Rakhimov
Assistant, Department of Occupational Safety, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering Technology, Andijan State Technical Institute
Abstract.
This paper investigates the practical approach of reducing air pollution
caused by particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Andijan City through the method
of street watering. To assess the effectiveness of this method, air quality was monitored
using AQI indicators, emphasizing metrological accuracy, proper calibration of
instruments, and compliance with international standards. The study highlights the role
of metrology and standardization in environmental monitoring, evaluates the reliability
of measurement methods, and analyzes the benefits of standard-based management in
street watering systems. Results show that regular watering can reduce AQI values by
up to 30% under dry climatic conditions. Recommendations for technical regulation,
system optimization, and public health awareness are provided.
Keywords:
air quality, metrological control, AQI, PM10, standardization, street
watering, environmental monitoring, Andijan
Introduction
Andijan City is a central urban and industrial hub of the Fergana Valley in
Uzbekistan. Rapid urbanization, increased vehicle density, and accelerated
construction have intensified environmental stress. One of the most visible outcomes
of this pressure is the degradation of air quality. Among major pollutants, particulate
matter (especially PM10) poses a serious health risk. In addition to emissions from
vehicles and factories, dust from unpaved roads and construction sites significantly
contributes to PM levels, particularly during dry seasons. According to the World Bank
(2024), average PM10 concentrations in Andijan frequently exceed WHO limits,
especially during winter and late summer months.
Monthly AQI Levels in Andijan, 2024
Month
AQI
Rating
January
105
Unhealthy
February
102
Unhealthy
March
85
Moderate
April
72
Moderate
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May
65
Moderate
June
62
Moderate
July
59
Moderate
August
64
Moderate
September
78
Moderate
October
90
Unhealthy for sensitive groups
November
105
Unhealthy
December
110
Unhealthy
The Role of Dust Pollution and Watering
Road dust comprises soil particles, tire residues, construction debris, and organic
matter that easily lift into the air in dry, windless weather. PM10 particles are
particularly harmful to public health, especially for vulnerable populations such as
children, the elderly, and individuals with asthma. Street watering is a simple yet
effective method to suppress dust. By spraying water on asphalt and concrete roads,
airborne dust is reduced significantly. Similar results have been recorded in cities like
Tehran, Almaty, and Beijing.
Efficiency Mechanisms of Street Watering
Street watering suppresses dust primarily through two mechanisms:
Surface adhesion:
Moisture binds particles to the road surface, minimizing
their suspension.
Microclimate effect:
Local humidity increases, helping trap particles and
slightly reducing urban heat island effects.
Projected Impact of Watering on AQI (October 2024)
Scenario
Projected AQI
No action taken
90
Watering once per day
80
Watering twice per day
72
Watering + sweeping
65
6. Results and Discussion
The analysis shows that regular watering can reduce AQI by 20–30%, especially
when combined with sweeping and other urban hygiene measures. However,
effectiveness is closely linked to the accuracy and standardization of monitoring.
Metrological control — including certified, calibrated, and reproducible instruments
— is essential. Equipment used to determine AQI should comply with international
standards such as ISO 4225:1994.
AQI levels above 100 are mainly observed in winter, correlating with an increase
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in respiratory diseases. Targeted dust control actions during peak months (November–
February and September–October) can significantly reduce health risks. Integrating
watering with tree planting, curb paving, and road sweeping could enhance its overall
effectiveness.
Moreover, watering operations themselves must be regulated. Parameters such as
water volume, spraying rate, and frequency should be clearly specified in technical
guidelines. This ensures uniformity and enables data-based environmental
management.
7. Recommendations
Implement a city-wide dust mitigation program including watering, sweeping,
and paving.
Prioritize high-traffic and densely populated areas such as central Andijan and
Bobur Street.
Use non-potable recycled water to conserve drinking resources.
Introduce real-time AQI monitoring systems.
Conduct public awareness campaigns about health hazards of dust pollution.
8. Conclusion
Dust pollution in Andijan is a persistent issue throughout the year. Street watering,
while basic, remains a practical and cost-effective method of mitigating airborne
particulates. Combined with regulatory oversight and environmental standardization,
it can play a vital role in improving public health and urban air quality. To maximize
impact, this method must be integrated with broader environmental and urban planning
strategies, underpinned by metrological rigor and technical standards.
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1.
Jahangiri, M., Yarahmadi, R., & Bayat, S. (2021). Urban dust suppression through
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World
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(2024).
Air
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Assessment
for
Uzbekistan.
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/uzbekistan/publication/air-quality-
assessment-for-tashkent
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Zhou, L., Zhang, X., & Wang, Q. (2019). Effectiveness of street sprinkling on
PM₁₀ reduction in Beijing. Atmospheric Environment, 214, 116836.
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