Vol. 78 No. 1 (2025)

Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich sinflarda matematika fanini interaktiv usullar orqali o‘qitishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari yoritilgan. Interaktiv metodlarning asoslari, ularning o‘quvchi faolligini oshirishdagi o‘rni, dars samaradorligiga ta’siri hamda o‘quvchilarning mantiqiy fikrlash va muammoni hal qilish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishdagi roli tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, maqolada matematik darslarda samarali qo‘llanishi mumkin bo‘lgan turli interaktiv usullar va ularning afzalliklari misollar asosida ko‘rib chiqilgan. Tajriba va kuzatuvlarga tayangan holda interaktiv metodlarning boshlang‘ich ta’limdagi dolzarbligi asoslab berilgan.

Abstract. This paper investigates the practical approach of reducing air pollution caused by particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Andijan City through the method of street watering. To assess the effectiveness of this method, air quality was monitored using AQI indicators, emphasizing metrological accuracy, proper calibration of instruments, and compliance with international standards. The study highlights the role of metrology and standardization in environmental monitoring, evaluates the reliability of measurement methods, and analyzes the benefits of standard-based management in street watering systems. Results show that regular watering can reduce AQI values by up to 30% under dry climatic conditions. Recommendations for technical regulation, system optimization, and public health awareness are provided.

Ushbu maqоla favqulоdda vaziyatlarni (FV) bashоratlash tizimlari va ulardagi mavjud muammоlarni о‘rganadi. Tadqiqоtda О‘zbekistоn misоlida seysmik va iqlimiy FVni bashоratlashdagi texnik, mоliyaviy va tashkiliy tо‘siqlar tahlil qilinadi [1]. Hоzirgi tizimlarning past aniqligi (60% dan kam), sekin ishlashi (15 sоniyadan kо‘p) va ma’lumоtlarning yetishmasligi kabi muammоlar aniqlandi. Shu bilan birga, xоdimlarning malakasi pastligi va infratuzilmaning eskirganligi ham FVga tayyоrgarlikni qiyinlashtiradi. Maqоla ushbu muammоlarni bartaraf etish uchun mahalliy sharоitlarni hisоbga оlgan yechimlarni taklif qiladi. Tadqiqоt real sinоvlarga asоslanmagan bо‘lsa-da, xalqarо tajriba va mahalliy statistikadan fоydalanib, FV bashоratlashning dоlzarb masalalarini yоritadi. Maqоla xavfsizlikni ta’minlash va zararlarning оldini оlish uchun tizimni rivоjlantirish zarurligini ta’kidlaydi.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada ish joylarida ergonomik muhitning xodimlar salomatligi va mehnat samaradorligiga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot obyekti sifatida Andijon mexanika zavodi tanlandi. Zavod ishchilarining ish joyidagi ergonomik sharoitlari — mebel mosligi, yoritish darajasi, shovqin va mikroiqlim holati — o‘rganildi. Kuzatuvlar va so‘rovnomalar asosida to‘plangan ma’lumotlar natijasida, noto‘g‘ri ergonomik holat ishchilarda mushak-skelet og‘riqlari, charchoq va ishlab chiqarishdagi xatoliklarning ortishiga olib kelayotgani aniqlandi. Shu bilan birga, ergonomik jihatdan qulay ish joylari yuqori samaradorlik va motivatsiyani ta'minlayotgani kuzatildi. Maqolada ergonomik sharoitlarni takomillashtirish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqola ish joyida shaxsiy himoya vositalaridan (SHHV) foydalanishdagi asosiy muammolarni o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. SHHV xodimlarni jismoniy, kimyoviy va yuqumli xavf-xatarlardan himoya qilishda muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘lsa-da, uning samarali qo‘llanilishi noqulaylik, o‘qitishning yetishmasligi, qoidalarga rioya qilmaslik va tashkiliy to‘siqlar kabi muammolarga duch kelmoqda. Tadqiqot adabiyotlar tahlili, 150 xodim o‘rtasida so‘rovnoma va 10 nazoratchi bilan suhbatlar orqali o‘tkazildi. Natijalar SHHVning qulaysizligi, sifatining pastligi va xodimlarning qarshiligi jarohatlar sonini oshirishini ko‘rsatdi. Muhokamada muammolarni bartaraf etish uchun SHHV dizaynini yaxshilash, o‘qitishni kuchaytirish va ijobiy rag‘batlantirish kabi takliflar keltirildi. Maqola xodimlar xavfsizligini ta’minlash uchun keng yondashuv zarurligini ta’kidlaydi.

Zamonaviy sanoatning jadal rivojlanishi va texnologik jarayonlarning murakkablashishi mehnat xavfsizligini ta’minlashda yangi yondashuvlarni talab qilmoqda. An’anaviy usullar, ya’ni asosan inson omiliga tayanadigan xavfsizlik choraları, xavflarni oldindan aniqlash va ularga tezkor javob berishda yetarli samara bera olmayapti. Shu sababli, sanoat korxonalarida xavfsizlik tizimlarini avtomatlashtirish bugungi kunda texnik xavfsizlikni ta’minlashning eng muhim yo‘nalishlaridan biriga aylandi. Avtomatlashtirish real vaqtda monitoring, xavfli vaziyatlarni erta aniqlash va baxtsiz hodisalar xavfini minimallashtirish imkonini beradi. Ushbu tadqiqot sanoat korxonalarida xavfsizlik tizimlarini avtomatlashtirishning amaliy samaradorligini baholashga qaratildi. Tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi avtomatlashtirilgan xavfsizlik tizimlarining mehnat xavfsizligi, ishlab chiqarish samaradorligi va iqtisodiy ko‘rsatkichlarga ta’sirini tahlil qilish, shuningdek, ushbu texnologiyalarning afzalliklari va cheklovlarini aniqlashdir.
Sanoat jarayonlarida xavfsizlikni avtomatlashtirish nafaqat ishchilar salomatligini himoya qilish, balki ishlab chiqarishning uzluksizligini ta’minlash va iqtisodiy samaradorlikni oshirishda ham muhim ahamiyatga ega [1]. Shu sababli, ushbu sohada ilmiy tadqiqotlar o‘tkazish va istiqbolli rivojlanish yo‘nalishlarini belgilash dolzarb vazifadir. Maqola avtomatlashtirilgan xavfsizlik tizimlarining sanoat korxonalaridagi samaradorligini tahlil qiladi va ularning amaliy natijalarini baholaydi.

Ushbu maqolada virtual mashinalarning taʼlim, server boshqaruvi, dasturiy taʼminotni testlash va bulutli hisoblash sohalarida amaliy qoʻllanilishi tahlil qilinadi. Virtualizatsiya texnologiyalarining infratuzilmalarni optimallashtirish, xavfsizlikni oshirish va ishlab chiqish jarayonlarini avtomatlashtirishdagi roli oʻrganiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada virtual mashinalarning zamonaviy boshqaruv usullari, xavfsizlik masalalari hamda konteyner texnologiyalari bilan integratsiyasi koʻrib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari virtual mashinalarning IT sohasidagi samaradorligini oshirish va kelajakdagi rivojlanish yoʻnalishlarini belgilashga yordam beradi.

Annotatsiya: ekstremizm va terrorizm bilan bog‘liq jinoyatlar transmilliy va transchegaraviy xususiyat kasb etib, ijtimoiy xavflilik darajasi, jahon miqyosida yuzaga kelayotgan xavf-xatar va tahdidlar, tinchlik va xavfsizlikni ta’minlashda davlat organlarining vazifalari.

Annotatsiya: Maqolada “O‘zbekiston Temir Yo‘llari” aksiyadorlik jamiyati tarkibidagi korxonalarda texnik xavfsizlik holati chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi – xodimlar ishtirokidagi texnologik jarayonlarda yuzaga keladigan xavf-xatarlarni aniqlash, ularning statistik ko‘rsatkichlarini baholash hamda mavjud tizimlarni xalqaro tajriba bilan solishtirish orqali texnik xavfsizlikni yaxshilash bo‘yicha ilmiy asoslangan tavsiyalar ishlab chiqishdan iborat.

Tahlil natijalari so‘nggi yillarda baxtsiz hodisalar soni sezilarli darajada kamayganini ko‘rsatmoqda, biroq halokatli holatlar va avariyalar, asosan, texnik xizmat ko‘rsatishdagi uzilishlar, yaroqsiz uskuna va malaka darajasi past bo‘lgan xodimlar ishtirokida sodir bo‘layotgani aniqlangan. Shuningdek, ayrim korxonalarda xavfsizlik monitoringi avtomatlashtirilmagani sababli mavjud muammolar o‘z vaqtida aniqlanmayapti.

Maqolada ISO 45001 kabi xalqaro standartlar va Yevropa Ittifoqi temiryo‘l tizimlaridagi amaliy tajribalar bilan O‘zbekiston sharoiti solishtirilib, texnik xavfsizlik madaniyatining yetishmasligi, AI texnologiyalarining joriy etilmagani va texnik xizmatlarning reaktiv emas, balki prediktiv shaklga o‘tishi zarurligi ta’kidlanadi. Shuningdek, YOLOv5 kabi ilg‘or texnologiyalar asosida shaxsiy himoya vositalarini nazorat qilish, Maintenance 4.0 modeli asosida texnik xizmatni avtomatlashtirish bo‘yicha amaliy takliflar berilgan.

Mazkur maqola soha muhandislari, texnika xavfsizligi bo‘yicha mutaxassislar va korxona rahbarlari uchun amaliy ahamiyatga ega ilmiy manbadir.

Abstract. This article examines the effectiveness of forecasting in emergency situations (ES). Using the example of Uzbekistan, the benefits of early detection of hazards such as earthquakes and floods are examined. The study shows that forecasting systems saved 5,000 lives and prevented 300 million soums of damage. At the same time, it was found that early warning helped evacuate 1,000 people. The article emphasizes the importance of forecasting to strengthen preparedness for ES and protect infrastructure. The study is based on international experience and local data. Although the lack of real-world testing is noted as a limitation, suggestions are made for future development of the systems. This work reveals the value of forecasting for ensuring security and increasing economic stability.

The growing global demand for energy has led to increased adoption of renewable energy technologies, especially solar power systems, due to their sustainability and environmental benefits. However, the operation and maintenance of solar panels—particularly cleaning processes—introduce a variety of safety risks. This article examines these risks in detail, focusing on mechanical hazards, electrical dangers, and environmental factors involved in maintaining rooftop and building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. The paper highlights the importance of preventative maintenance, such as regular inspection for mechanical damage, electrical system checks, snow removal, and cleanliness of panels. Particular emphasis is placed on risks associated with working at heights, including falls, improper use of tools, and weather-related hazards such as slippery surfaces or high UV exposure. Furthermore, damage to equipment during cleaning or servicing is a critical concern that can reduce panel efficiency or lead to complete system failure. The study presents mitigation strategies, including personal protective equipment (PPE), system shutdown procedures, and specialized safety training. It advocates for integration of safety practices into standard building codes and emphasizes the necessity of updating regulations, such as SNIP 2.01.07-1996, to reflect current technologies. The paper concludes that systematic training, proper equipment handling, adherence to safety protocols, and regular maintenance scheduling are essential for reducing occupational hazards and prolonging the lifespan and performance of solar systems.

 Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada ellipsis va substitutsiya hodisalari haqida batafsil ma’lumot berilib, ularni yuzaga keltiruvchi omillar namunalar yordamida ko‘rsatib beriladi. Shuningdek ushbu hodisalardan foydalanish holatlari keng tahlil qilingan va nazariy asoslari yoritib berilgan.

 Annotatsiya: XXI asr texnologiyalar asri deb e’lon qilingandan so‘ng,hozirgi kunga qadar u barcha sohalarni rivojlantirishda muhim omil sifatida ommalashib bormoqda.Ushbu maqolada mana shunday sohalardan biri bo’lgan  ta’limda texnologiyalarning  tutgan o’rni haqida so’z yuritiladi.Yana ham aniqroq qilib aytadigan bo’lsak,texnologiyalar orqali yangi til o‘rganishning  imkoniyatlari va muammolari haqida so’z boradi.

Abstract; In modern education, the approach to teaching Russian is evolving in response to the significant achievements of the 21st century. This article examines the main characteristics and practical results of the introduction of distance learning and technological tools in Russian language teaching in Uzbekistan. The advantages of creating a continuous learning process based on both theoretical and practical foundations are emphasized. The integration of modern educational innovations contributes to the improvement of the educational process, increases interactivity and ensures effective language acquisition by students and teachers. In addition, the need to adapt to new teaching methods is emphasized in order to train future specialists capable of competing internationally.

Abstract

In today’s dynamic educational environment, fostering creative thinking is becoming a key goal across all disciplines. This article explores the unique potential of biology lessons to cultivate creativity in students. The discussion focuses on the importance of developing creative thinking for future professional success, outlines pedagogical strategies and tasks aimed at nurturing students' creative abilities, and highlights the relevance of a flexible, student-centered approach. The paper also emphasizes the role of biology as an interdisciplinary and experiment-driven subject, making it a fertile ground for creativity-enhancing methodologies. The insights provided may be useful for educators seeking to implement innovative teaching practices and foster a deeper engagement with the biological sciences.

Abstract: In the context of Uzbekistan's ongoing educational reforms and its strategic orientation toward democratic development, the preparation and methodological support of young teachers play a vital role. This article explores effective teaching methods suitable for early-career educators, highlighting interactive approaches, game-based learning, and project-based methodologies as essential components for engaging modern students. It also considers the socio-cultural mission of education in Uzbekistan and reflects on how national values and global best practices can be integrated to enhance teaching quality.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada Orolbo‘yi mintaqasidagi ekologik vaziyatni barqarorlashtirish masalalari hamda Orol dengizining qurishi natijasida yuzaga kelgan ekologik muammolarning salbiy ta’sirini yumshatish yo‘llari yoritilgan. Orol fojiasi tufayli mintaqada suv tanqisligi, tuproqning sho‘rlanishi, biologik xilma-xillikning kamayishi, atmosfera ifloslanishi kabi dolzarb muammolar yuzaga kelgan. Mazkur maqolada ushbu ekologik inqirozning aholi salomatligi, iqtisodiyot va tabiiy muhitga ko‘rsatgan ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, xalqaro hamkorlik, yashil zonalarni barpo etish, ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy loyihalar orqali mintaqaning ekologik barqarorligini ta’minlash bo‘yicha amalga oshirilayotgan chora-tadbirlar ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada bojxona organlarida tovarlarni vaqtincha olib kirish bojxona rejimiga rasmiylashtirish tartibotlari va undiriladigan bojxona toʻlovlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, mavjud muammolar va ularning yechimlari bo‘yicha takliflar ilgari suriladi.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada madaniy va kreativ industriyalar tushunchalarining kelib chiqishi, ularning siyosiy, iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy kontekstlarda rivojlanishi tahlil qilinadi. Maqola kreativ industriyalar sohasida yangi tadqiqot yo‘nalishlarini belgilaydi va mavjud tanqidiy yondashuvlarni umumlashtiradi.

Annotatsiya. Ushbu tadqiqot ishlab chiqarish jarayonida mehnat sharoitlarini ergonomik talablar asosida shakllantirishning xodimlar salomatligi va ish unumdorligiga ta’sirini o‘rganishga qaratildi. Tadqiqot O‘zbekistonning mashinasozlik va to‘qimachilik sohasidagi ikkita korxonada o‘tkazildi. Ma’lumotlarni yig‘ish uchun so‘rovnomalar (150 ishtirokchi), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tahlili va yarim tuzilgan suhbatlar (20 ishtirokchi) qo‘llanildi. So‘rovnoma natijalari xodimlarning 68% ish joyidagi jihozlarning ergonomik talablarga mos emasligini, 55% esa bel va bo‘yin og‘rig‘i kabi shikoyatlarni bildirdi. REBA tahlili mashinasozlik liniyasida yuqori ergonomik xavf darajasini (M=8.2, SD=1.3) aniqladi. Suhbatlar yorug‘lik va jihozlarning mos kelmasligi kabi muammolarni ko‘rsatdi. Natijalar ergonomik yaxshilanishlar xodimlarning farovonligi va korxonalar samaradorligini oshirishini tasdiqladi. Tadqiqotning cheklovlari sifatida cheklangan namuna hajmi va faqat ikkita korxonani qamrab olishi ta’kidlandi. Kelajakda kengroq sohalarni qamrab oluvchi tadqiqotlar va ergonomik treninglar joriy etish tavsiya etiladi. Ushbu tadqiqot ishlab chiqarish korxonalarida ergonomik yechimlarni qo‘llash bo‘yicha amaliy yo‘l-yo‘riq sifatida xizmat qiladi.

Abstract: Work production in the enterprise security is an important problem is, modern innovative technologies, this process effectively to manage and help will. This article automation, digital technology and smart protection tools by security increasing the issues of covering. VR/AR, sensor technologies and robotics use in the production process in the human factor , because they came of error to reduce the serve will. That is in addition to, the new generation of protection tools, automated security systems and artificial intelligence on the basis of worked out has been the technology discussed will be.

Abstract.The transport and logistics sector plays a crucial role in the functioning of the EU economy, yet vehicle operation and driving jobs are associated with significant risks. This essay examines the current state of labor protection for transport and logistics workers, with a particular focus on road transport and logistics in the EU. It highlights the importance of improving labor protection in this sector and explores necessary measures for improvement. The purpose of the work is to study the labor protection of transport workers and provide suggestions for improvement. Specific objectives include characterizing transport and logistics workers, analyzing road transport work and its impact on health, studying current labor protection measures, and proposing improvements. The relevance of the topic is driven by increasing freight volumes, a workforce shortage in transport and logistics, and health issues among drivers. It is crucial to improve working conditions to attract and retain a skilled workforce in this sector. Additionally, the ongoing Green Deal transformation in the EU road transport sector necessitates improved safety and workplace adaptation for new technologies. Methods used in the research include literature review, analysis of scientific articles and reports, and EU and national legislation studies. The key findings indicate that current labor protection measures in road transport are insufficient, particularly regarding safety and health. Recommendations for improvement include prioritizing and adequately resourcing safety and health improvements, adjusting the monitoring system for transport services to ensure compliance, implementing stricter rules for the operation and equipment of vehicles, and establishing a working group to develop guidance for adjusting work organization when introducing new technologies. These findings are significant for policy-makers, transport and logistics companies, educational institutions, and workers.

Annotatsiya:    Tibbiyot jamiyatning eng muhim sohalaridan biri bo‘lib, unda shifokorning o‘rni beqiyosdir. Shifokor nafaqat bemorni davolovchi mutaxassis, balki inson hayotiga daxldor eng nozik masalalarda qaror qabul qiluvchi shaxsdir. Shu sababli, shifokorning muomala madaniyati, kasbiy etikasi va huquqiy bilimlari uning faoliyat samaradorligi va bemor ishonchiga bevosita ta’sir qiladi.Hozirgi ilm-fan,texnologiyalar rivojlanib borayotgan bir davrda ko’plab tibbiyot markazlari qurilishi natijasida minglab yangi ish o’rinlari tashkil etilmoqda.Shu bilan bir qatorda zamonaviy texnologiyalar tibbiyot hodimlarining ishlarini yanada yengillashtirib,o’z kasblariga qiziqishni yanada oshirayotgan bo’lsa ajab emas.Har bir shifokor qabuliga kelgan bemor tabiiyki,dardiga davo izlab kelar ekan,bemor va uning qarndoshlari bilan tibbiy deontologiyaga amal qilgan holda muomalada bo’lish har bir shifokorning eng oliy burchi va majburiyatidir.Xulosa qilib aytganda,shifokor uchun bemorning sog’lig’i asosiy o’rinda tursa maqsadga muvofiq bo’ladi,albatta.

В статье рассматриваются литолого – фациальная характеристика верхнеюрской карбонатной формации юго-западного Гиссара (Южный Узбекистан).

 В верхней части карбонатной формации, составляющей половину ее суммарной мощности, отложения представлены в основном светлоокрашенными органогенными образованиями. Далее, в сторону моря, мощность карбонатной формации также за счет верхней части разреза резко уменьшается в среднем в 1,5 раза в результате фациального замещения органогенных известняков темными, почти черными, мелкозернистыми, глинистыми и битуминозными карбонатами. Главная особенность формирования карбонатной формации заключается в зональном распространении прибрежно–шельфовых, рифогенных и депрессионных литологических фаций

     Актуальность: Современные условия жизни общества перед вузами Республики Узбекистан ставят задачу подготовки высококвалифицированных кадров, обладающих широким диапазоном  интеллектуальных возможностей, характеризующихся высокой работоспособностью, конкурентоспособных, развитых как в физическом, так и в нравственном отношении. От   5 марта  2019 года    Президентом Республики Узбекистан  Ш.М.Мирзиёевым были выдвинуты  5  важнейших инициатив, среди которых уделено особое внимание к привлечению  студенческой молодежи к занятиям  физической культурой  и спортом. Приоритетными направлениями политики государства остаются – улучшение здоровья населения, физическое развитие учащихся школ, студенческой молодежи, повышение трудоспособности и эффективности работы трудящихся и интеллигенции. Было усилено внимание к таким вопросам, как продление жизни и улучшение ее качества, воспитание здорового поколения через пропаганду  здорового образа жизни, создание условий для занятий спортом, как для профессиональных спортсменов, так и для всего населения страны. Однако в настоящее время отсутствуют исследования, в которых комплексно проводилась оценка и анализ физического состояния студентов, обучающихся в неспортивных вузах республики  с учетом полового диморфизма.

Abstract. The article examines the potential of Learning Management Systems (LMS) as tools to enhance the effectiveness of students’ independent work. It analyzes technologies aimed at developing autonomy, critical thinking, and analytical skills within a digital educational environment. The study presents pedagogical techniques and digital formats for implementing these approaches in the context of humanities education.

Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqola madaniyat industriyasining tanqidiy tahliliga bag‘ishlangan bo‘lib, uning tarixiy shakllanishi, kapitalistik tizim bilan murakkab aloqalari, va insonning ijodiy mehnati ustidan nazoratning o‘zgaruvchan shakllarini yoritadi. Frankfurt maktabi nazariyalaridan boshlab, zamonaviy global media strukturalarigacha bo‘lgan davrda madaniyatning qanday qilib tijorat tovariga aylantirilgani tahlil qilinadi. Maqola, shuningdek, “madaniyat aylanishi” va “madaniyat ishlab chiqarish” yondashuvlari orqali media va kommunikatsiya industriyalarining ijtimoiy, siyosiy va iqtisodiy tarkibiy qismlarini chuqur o‘rganadi. Natijada, madaniyat industriyasi insoniy ijodkorlikning ijtimoiy mezonlar bilan qanday cheklanayotganini va qanday shakllarda bozorga moslashtirilayotganini ko‘rsatadi.

Abstract. Reading is about understanding meaning, guessing unfamiliar words, and staying motivated. This article explores effective reading strategies that help learners improve comprehension, build vocabulary, and develop confidence. Using a mix of approaches based on learner needs can turn reading into a rewarding experience.

Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada kreativ industriyalar, ya’ni madaniy mahsulotlar va xizmatlarni yaratish hamda ishlab chiqarishning zamonaviy iqtisodiyot va ijtimoiy taraqqiyotda tutgan o‘rni chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada bu sohalarning innovatsiyalarni rag‘batlantirish, madaniy xilma-xillikni targ‘ib qilish va jamiyat farovonligini oshirishdagi roli yoritilgan. Ayniqsa, sun’iy intellekt (SI)ning kreativ jarayonlarga ta’siri, yangi imkoniyatlari va yuzaga kelayotgan texnologik hamda ijtimoiy muammolar batafsil ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada immersiv texnologiyalar, shaxsiylashtirish, global hamkorlik va ijtimoiy mas’uliyat kabi zamonaviy tendensiyalarning kreativ industriyalar kelajagiga ta’siri ham tahlil etiladi.

Abstract: This article analyzes the qualitative and quantitative study of the release of harmful substances in the production process and measures to reduce their impact on the health of workers. The impact of toxic substances, dust, gases, aerosols and other chemical elements released into the atmospheric air at industrial enterprises on the human body, as well as modern technological and environmental approaches to their reduction, is considered. The effectiveness of preventive measures, protective equipment and occupational hygiene measures is analyzed on a scientific basis.

Annotation.This article analyzes the results of research on improving the system for assessing the consequences of earthquakes. The study focuses on such key areas as the development of seismic monitoring systems, the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and satellite data, the adaptation of infrastructure and construction standards to modern requirements, the organization of rapid information exchange, the strengthening of the preparedness of emergency services, and the introduction of research and innovative technologies. The article extensively discusses the possibilities of modern technologies for early detection of earthquakes, assessment of the level of destruction, strengthening the warning systems of the population, and the effective organization of rescue operations.

Abstract. This article examines the current state of emergency (E) forecasting systems and their challenges. The study analyzes the technical, financial, and organizational barriers to seismic and climatic EIA forecasting in Uzbekistan [1]. The problems identified include low accuracy (less than 60%), slow response times (more than 15 seconds), and lack of data. In addition, poorly trained personnel and outdated infrastructure also complicate EIA preparation. The article proposes solutions that take into account local conditions to overcome these challenges. Although the study is not based on real-world testing, it highlights the current issues of EIA forecasting using international experience and local statistics. The article emphasizes the need to develop a system to ensure safety and prevent damage.

Abstract: This scientific article studies world experience in ergonomic optimization of modern production systems and analyzes their effective aspects. It is shown that ergonomic design is of great importance in ensuring human health, labor productivity and safety. During the study, industrial practices in Germany, the USA, Japan, Sweden and other advanced countries were studied and recommendations adapted to the conditions of Uzbekistan were developed. The integration of ergonomics with technological progress, including advanced approaches developed on the basis of digital engines, ergonomic monitoring using AI, simulation and virtual prototyping methods, were analyzed with special attention

Abstract. This article examines the scientific basis for improving emergency situation (ES) forecasting systems. The study analyzes ways to increase the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of forecasting using artificial intelligence (AI) and big data technologies [1]. Studies conducted on the example of seismically active regions of Uzbekistan, in particular the Fergana Valley, have shown the advantages of new systems - 20% increased accuracy, 30% reduced time, and 80% adaptation to local infrastructure. The article emphasizes the importance of modern approaches to preventing economic and social damage from ES. At the same time, the financial and technical constraints on the implementation of AI and big data in Uzbekistan were also considered. Although the study is limited by the lack of real-world testing, it provides suggestions for future adaptation to local conditions. The article presents practical solutions for increasing security and optimizing resources.

Abstract. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of safe design and engineering strategies to reduce risks in manufacturing enterprises. As a result of observations conducted over a 2-year period in 5 large manufacturing enterprises in Uzbekistan, strategies such as automation, ergonomic workplace design, substitution of hazardous substances, noise reduction, and improvement of fire protection systems were implemented. The results show that these measures reduced the number of accidents by 47%, the number of serious injuries by 62%, while increasing production efficiency by 18%, and the level of employee satisfaction with working conditions by 35%. The results of the study demonstrate the important role of safe design and engineering strategies in ensuring safety and increasing efficiency in manufacturing enterprises.

Abstract: The article analyzes the state of provision of the population with personal and collective means of protection in the Republic of Uzbekistan, existing problems and ways to eliminate them. During the study, the level of provision of the population with protective means, their safety culture, the technical condition of the protection infrastructure, the effectiveness of information and educational work, and the financing system were studied in depth. The results obtained showed that the level of protection of the population in emergency situations can be significantly increased by means of systemic reforms, strengthening the legal framework, expanding educational work, and improving financial and organizational mechanisms. The article presents recommendations developed on the basis of international experience.

Introduction. The poultry industry, particularly broiler production, plays a significant role in the food industry. Recent reforms, technologies, and breeding efforts in this field are helping to improve economic efficiency. Broiler chickens of the ROSS-308 cross are not only highly productive, but research into the morphogenesis (development) and physiological characteristics of their cardiovascular system is also essential to ensure their healthy growth. Such studies are especially important for understanding the development of the cardiovascular system and for ensuring stable and healthy production in poultry farms.

The heart is a vital organ that regulates the circulatory system and is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the organism. Chicks, especially broiler types, are highly sensitive to various physiological processes aimed at developing fat and muscle tissues. Heart morphogenesis, i.e., the embryonic and post-embryonic development of the heart, is regulated by various biological and molecular mechanisms. In broiler chicks, the heart forms during the embryonic stage and becomes functional during the post-embryonic stage. This article aims to analyze the formation of the heart in broiler chicks of the ROSS-308 cross and the factors influencing this process.

Annotation: This article explores the use of interrogative pronouns in the English language. It examines their forms, functions, and syntactical positions in interrogative sentences. The study highlights common errors learners make and provides examples of correct usage. The research aims to contribute to a better understanding of English question formation and enhance language teaching methodologies.

Annotatsiya. Mazkur maqolada mutaxassis kadrlar tayyorlashda kompetensiyalarning turlari, ularning kelib chiqish taʻrixi va Soft skill va Hard skill koʻnikmalarning asosiy xususiyatlari haqida soʻz boradi.

Статья рассматривает ключевую роль образования в формировании будущего общества. Освещаются современные тенденции в сфере образования, включая цифровизацию, развитие гибких навыков и устойчивое развитие. Подчеркивается, что современное образование должно не только передавать знания, но и формировать личность, способную к критическому мышлению, сотрудничеству и адаптации к вызовам XXI века.

В статье рассматриваются основные проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются педагоги в современном образовательном процессе, а также методы и формы поддержки, способствующие их профессиональному развитию и эмоциональному благополучию. Подчеркивается важность системной помощи со стороны администрации, коллег и родителей, а также роли корпоративной культуры в школе.

В статье рассматриваются особенности взаимоотношений между педагогами и студентами в образовательной среде. Особое внимание уделено психологическим аспектам взаимодействия, стилям педагогического общения, а также влиянию межличностного климата на мотивацию и академическую успеваемость студентов. Представлены практические рекомендации по формированию благоприятного учебного климата, способствующего развитию доверия и взаимного уважения.

This article explores the characteristics of the teacher-student relationship within the educational environment. Special attention is given to the psychological aspects of interaction, communication styles of teachers, and the impact of interpersonal climate on students' motivation and academic performance. Practical recommendations are provided for creating a favorable educational climate that fosters trust and mutual respect.

Ўзбекистон Республикаси мустақилликка эришганидан сўнг соғлиқни сақлаш тизимини ислоҳ қилиш ва модернизациялаш йўлидан бормоқда. Айниқса, 2017 йилдан бошланган кенг қамровли ислоҳотлар даври мамлакат тиббиёти ривожида янги саҳифа очди. Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг 2017 йил 7 февралдаги ПФ-4947-сонли Фармони билан тасдиқланган 2017-2021 йилларда Ўзбекистон Республикасини ривожлантиришнинг бешта устувор йўналиши бўйича Ҳаракатлар стратегияси ва унинг мантиқий давоми сифатида қабул қилинган кейинги ривожланиш стратегиялари соғлиқни сақлаш соҳасини тубдан яхшилаш, аҳолига кўрсатилаётган тиббий хизматлар сифати ва самарадорлигини ошириш, тиббиёт муассасаларининг моддий-техник базасини мустаҳкамлаш, соҳани малакали кадрлар билан таъминлаш каби муҳим вазифаларни белгилаб берди. Ушбу мақолада 2017-2025 йиллар оралиғида Ўзбекистон соғлиқни сақлаш тизимида амалга оширилган асосий ислоҳотлар, уларнинг натижалари, мавжуд муаммолар ва келгуси ривожланиш истиқболлари, шу жумладан клиник ординатура тизимидаги ўзгаришлар таҳлил қилинади.

Introduction. Broiler chickens are characterized by high productivity and rapid growth, which significantly enhance the economic importance of this breed. The morphogenesis of the respiratory system is a critical factor for their healthy growth and overall physiological development. Studying the morphogenesis of the respiratory organs provides important insights into the functional activity of the respiratory system, its structural development, and the adaptability between the different components of the system.

In Ross-308 broiler chickens, alterations in the structure of the respiratory organs, their functional capacities, and the compatibility of each organ system are crucial. It is important to emphasize that proper development of the respiratory system plays a key role in ensuring healthy growth and high productivity. The respiratory system is essential for providing oxygen, which is necessary for metabolic processes, and for expelling carbon dioxide. The morphogenetic characteristics of respiratory development, the relationship with body weight, as well as the high physiological demands and internal balance specific to broiler chickens, are vital for understanding their physiological adaptability [6].

Introduction. In order to further develop poultry farming in our country, it is essential to monitor and control the growth coefficients of all organs in chicks from the earliest stages of their postnatal ontogenesis. This involves inspecting and ensuring the proper development of these organs, conducting experiments with various types of feed, and, most importantly, organizing them into groups for within-group and inter-group comparisons. The purpose is to conduct research aimed at developing and improving accurate and relevant recommendations for optimized production, ensuring a comprehensive and scientifically grounded approach to this field.

Currently, the physiological condition of broiler chicks plays a critical role in their growth and development. Broilers, which are specifically bred for meat production, are characterized by rapid growth, efficient meat and egg production, and high productivity. In this process, the morphological and physiological characteristics of the lungs—particularly in Ross-308 crossbreed chicks—are among the most important factors. The lungs, as the primary organs of respiration and metabolism in birds, including broilers, play a pivotal role; therefore, their morphogenesis directly influences broiler productivity.

This scientific article explores the use of idiomatic expressions in the English language, highlighting their significance in everyday communication, literature, and language learning. Idioms are a vital part of English as they enrich the language, provide cultural insights, and pose challenges for non-native speakers. The article examines types of idioms, their syntactic and semantic features, functions in communication, and pedagogical approaches to teaching idiomatic expressions. Furthermore, it discusses the difficulties learners face and strategies to overcome them. The study emphasizes that mastering idiomatic expressions enhances language proficiency and intercultural competence.

Eng muhimi, jamiyatda korrupsiya muammosini jamoatchilik muhokamasiga olib chiqadigan ochiq tizim, ochiq muhit yaratildi. Ayniqsa, ommaviy axborot vositalarining bu boradagi o‘rni va ta’siri ortib bormoqda.

Avvalo, korrupsiyaning omillariga qarshi kurashilmoqda. Masalan, yerni hokim qarori bilan ajratishdan to‘liq voz kechib, auksion tizimiga o‘tkazilgani natijasida bu tizim xalqchil bo‘ldi. “Shaffof qurilish” dasturi joriy etilganidan keyin bu sohada ham ijobiy o‘zgarishlar sezildi.

O‘zbekistonning yangilangan siyosati jamiyatda adolat va qonun ustuvorligini oliy darajaga ko‘tarish, zamonaviy samarali davlat boshqaruvini joriy etish, davlat hizmatchilarida korrupsiyaviy holatlarning barcha ko‘rinishlariga qat’iy chidamsizlik ruhiyatini shakllantirish, xalq manfaatlarini so‘zsiz ta’minlash kabi yuksak g‘oyalarga tayanmoqda. Avvalo, ushbu islohotlarning tub zamirida Prezident Sh.M.Mirziyoyev tomonidan ilgari surilgan ustuvor g‘oya «Xalq davlat organlariga emas, balki davlat organlari xalqqa xizmat qilishi kerak» asosiy tamoyilga muvofiq barcha imkoniyatlar xalqimiz manfaatlari yo‘lida safarbar etilishi ustuvor vazifa etib belgilanmoqda. Bu o‘rinda islohotlarning chinakam natijadorligiga erishish maqsadida davlat va jamiyatning har bir sohasida korrupsiyaga qarshi kurashish samaradorligini izchil ta’minlab borish alohida ahamiyat kasb etadi. 

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada inson salomatligini saqlashda ovqatlanish gigienasining tutgan o‘rni yoritilgan. To‘g‘ri ovqatlanish madaniyati, sanitariya-gigiena qoidalariga rioya etish, oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarining sifati, saqlanishi va iste’mol qilish shartlari tahlil qilingan. Maqolada ovqatlanish gigienasi bo‘yicha mavjud ilmiy adabiyotlar tahlil qilinadi, amaliy metodlar va natijalar asosida gigienik xulq-atvorni shakllantirishning samarali usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Abstract. This article analyzes the role and prospects of wireless networks in the context of modern industrial automation systems. The key advantages of implementing wireless technologies are considered, such as reducing infrastructure costs, increasing flexibility, and monitoring capabilities in hard-to-reach areas. The main wireless standards, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-Wave, LoRa/Loren and 5G, are analyzed in detail, taking into account their specifics and applicability in industrial conditions. The paper also focuses on challenges related to reliability, safety, and electromagnetic interference. It is concluded that wireless solutions are strategically important for the development of Industry 4.0 and the digital transformation of production facilities.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada innavatsion texnalogiyalardan keng ko‘lamda foydalanish va ularning ta’lim sohasidagi o‘rnini oshirish shuningdek yoshlar hayotida faol foydalanishni ta’minlash borasida fikr yuritiladi. Innavatsion texnalogiyalardan qanday foydalanish konikmalari, ularga qanday investitsiya kiritilishi haqida bundan tashqari talaba hamda o‘quvchi yoshlar o‘rtasida bu kabi sohalarni kengaytirish metodlari yoritilgan va avval qo‘llanilgan tajribalar haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Shuningdek yoshlarning zamonaviy ta’limga qiziqishlarini oshirish hamda ularga to‘g‘ri yo‘l va ko‘nikmalar berish bundan tashqari ularning muntazam faoliyatlarida taqdirlash hamda turli xil olimpiadalar tashkil qilish bilan yanada mukammallashtirish haqida batafsil ma’lumotlar berilgan. Shuningdek endi ommalashayotgan lekin amalda qo‘llanilmagan kiber sport turini dunyo miqiyosiga olib chiqish bundan mustasno emas. Bu ma’lumotlarga asoslangan holda faol texnalogiyalar nafaqat ta’lim balki sport sohasida ham yetuk kadrlar yetishib chiqishini isbotlaydi.

     Ushbu maqolada Potamogeton lucens L. o‘simligining O‘zbekiston suv havzalaridagi tarqalishi, ekologik roli va bioindikator sifatidagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Mazkur gidrofit o‘simlik toza suv ko‘rsatkichiga ega bo‘lgan muhitlarda o‘sishi bilan ajralib turadi va suv ekotizimining ifloslanish darajasini baholashda muhim bioindikator hisoblanadi. Tadqiqot davomida uning morfologik belgilari, ekologik talablari hamda biologik funksiyalari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, Potamogeton lucens L.ning suv muhitini tozalashdagi tabiiy filtrlovchi vazifasi va biologik xilma-xillikni saqlashdagi o‘rni ham ilmiy asosda ko‘rsatib beriladi

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada Lactuca tatarica L. o‘simligining poya, barg, gullar, ildiz va shoxlarining morfologik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. O‘simlikning xilma-xilligi, kimyoviy tarkibi va ekologik moslashuv imkoniyatlari o‘sish muhitiga bog‘liq holda ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari seleksiya ishlari va o‘simlik resurslarini saqlash uchun muhim ilmiy asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Annotasiya:     Maqolada Marrubium vugare L. o‘simligini O‘zbekiston sharoitida introduksiya qilish imkoniyatlari va dorivor ahamiyati yoritiladi.

Abstract: This article examines the role of abbreviations in modern English, focusing on their various types, uses, and impacts on communication. It explores how abbreviations have become integral to both casual digital interactions and formal professional contexts. The study highlights the benefits of abbreviations in promoting efficiency and clarity, especially in fast-paced environments like texting, social media, and specialized fields such as medicine and business. At the same time, it discusses challenges such as confusion, misunderstandings, and generational or cultural gaps in understanding. Ultimately, the article presents abbreviations as a natural and evolving aspect of English, reflecting the language’s adaptability to technological and social changes.

Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются основные тенденции развития современного русского языка, вызванные влиянием глобализации, цифровизации и социальных трансформаций. Анализируются изменения в лексике, грамматике и стилистике, а также влияние интернет-коммуникаций и молодежных субкультур на язык. Особое внимание уделяется феномену языковых заимствований и возникновению новых форм выражения. В заключении подчеркивается необходимость адаптации языковой политики и образования к новым реалиям.

Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolaning asl mazmun-mohiyatida XIX ars oxiri XX asr boshlarida vujudga kelgan jadidchilik harakati va bu harakat Buxoro diyorida qanday shakillanganligini mujassamlashgan. Maqolada Buxoroda jadidchilik harakati vujudga kelishi uchun sabab bo’lgan omillar keltirib o’tiladi. Jadidchilik vujudga kelgan davrning ma’naviy qiyofasi birmuncha yoritilgan. Yana shuningdek, o’sha vaqtdagi xalqning ma’naviy va ruhiy holati haqida ham to’xtalib o’tilgan va diyordagi eng mashhur jadidlarni nomlari sanab o’tilgan.

Аннотация: Данная статья посвящена исследованию древнерусского языка — языка восточных славян в период с X по XIV век. Автор рассматривает особенности его грамматической структуры, лексики и фонетики, а также указывает на основные трудности, возникающие при интерпретации древнерусских текстов. Анализируются причины утраты определённых языковых элементов и оцениваются современные возможности реконструкции и понимания древнерусской речи. Отдельное внимание уделено роли письменных источников в сохранении наследия древнерусского языка. Статья направлена на популяризацию лингвистических знаний и развитие интереса к историческим формам русского языка.

Аннотация: В статье рассматривается роль и функции старославянизмов в современном русском языке. Выявляются причины их сохранения и активного употребления в различных функциональных стилях. На основе анализа литературных и публицистических текстов, а также живой разговорной речи, демонстрируется, как старославянизмы продолжают выполнять экспрессивные, стилистические и концептуальные задачи в коммуникации. Автор делает вывод о том, что старославянизмы, несмотря на свою архаичную природу, остаются важным элементом языковой системы, особенно в контексте культуры, религии, литературы и официальной речи.

Аннотация: В данной статье рассматриваются основные направления эволюции грамматической системы русского языка с конца XIX века до наших дней. Анализируются процессы утраты и появления грамматических форм и конструкций, вызванные внутренними законами развития языка, а также внешними факторами: глобализацией, влиянием английского языка, цифровой средой и изменениями в социокультурной среде. Особое внимание уделяется изменениям в синтаксисе, морфологии и словообразовании. Делается вывод о том, что язык не деградирует, а адаптируется к новым условиям существования, сохраняя при этом свою структурную основу.

Аннотация: Статья посвящена современным тенденциям в области лексикографии — науки о словарях. Рассматриваются ключевые этапы создания современных лексикографических продуктов, включая сбор и обработку языковых данных, участие корпусов текстов, использование искусственного интеллекта и роль пользователя в цифровую эпоху. Подчеркивается, что современная лексикография — это синтез гуманитарных и цифровых наук, ориентированных на максимальную релевантность и доступность лексических ресурсов.

 

Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются исторические истоки русской фразеологии, отражающие многовековую культурную и языковую традицию. Анализируются источники происхождения фразеологических единиц: мифология, религия, быт, история, а также влияние других языков. Особое внимание уделено современным трансформациям фразеологизмов в условиях глобализации, цифровой коммуникации и молодежной субкультуры. Показано, как классические выражения получают новое звучание, переосмысляются или выходят из активного употребления. Работа направлена на выявление механизмов адаптации фразеологии к меняющемуся социокультурному контексту.

Аннотация: В статье рассматривается влияние социальных изменений на трансформацию русского языка с точки зрения гендера. Анализируются основные тенденции в использовании гендерно маркированных форм, изменения в лексике и грамматике, а также социальные и культурные факторы, способствующие этим изменениям. Особое внимание уделяется вопросу инклюзивности и гендерной нейтральности в языке, что отражает современные тенденции в обществе, связанные с расширением прав и свобод различных гендерных групп. Исследование показывает, как язык реагирует на социальные вызовы, становясь инструментом отражения и конструирования новых гендерных реалий.

 

Аннотация: В статье рассматривается взаимосвязь между языком и идентичностью человека. Анализируется, как языковые особенности, диалекты, жаргоны и речевые стратегии помогают индивидам выражать свою социальную, этническую и культурную принадлежность. Исследуется роль языка как мощного средства формирования групповой идентичности, а также механизмов, с помощью которых речь становится маркером принадлежности к определённой социальной группе. Статья опирается на современные лингвистические теории и эмпирические исследования, иллюстрируя, как язык формирует и отражает уникальные аспекты человеческой идентичности.

В статье представлен комплексный анализ опыта Ассоциации государств Юго-Восточной Азии (АСЕАН) как примера успешного регионального экономического сотрудничества. Исследуются исторические предпосылки создания организации, этапы развития, ключевые механизмы интеграции, а также основные достижения и проблемы. Особое внимание уделяется экономическим, политическим и институциональным факторам, обеспечившим устойчивое развитие АСЕАН. Выводы статьи направлены на выявление уроков и рекомендаций, которые могут быть применены в других регионах и странах для повышения эффективности регионального сотрудничества.

Ushbu maqolada quyosh va shamol energiyasi kabi muqobil energiya manbalarining global iqlim o‘zgarishiga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. So‘nggi yillarda insoniyat duch kelayotgan asosiy muammolardan biri – bu issiqxona gazlari konsentratsiyasining ortib borishi va unga qarshi kurashish zaruratidir. Shu nuqtai nazardan, toza va qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalarini rivojlantirish ekologik barqarorlikka erishishda asosiy omil sifatida qaralmoqda. Maqolada dunyodagi yetakchi davlatlarning muqobil energiyadan foydalanish bo‘yicha tajribalari, texnologik rivojlanishlar, iqtisodiy va ekologik samaradorlik, shuningdek, mavjud cheklovlar (masalan, texnologik, infratuzilmaviy, iqtisodiy va siyosiy to‘siqlar) keng yoritiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, agar quyosh va shamol energiyasidan foydalanish strategik darajada rejalashtirilsa, bu global isishning oldini olish va barqaror rivojlanishni ta’minlashda muhim rol o‘ynashi mumkin. Shu bilan birga, ushbu energetika sohasining to‘liq salohiyati hali to‘liq ro‘yobga chiqmagan bo‘lib, uni amalga oshirishda xalqaro hamkorlik va innovatsiyalar hal qiluvchi ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Abstract:The article explores the integration of speech competence and digital technologies in teaching English as a foreign language. The focus is on the competency-based approach, which aims at the formation and development of foreign language communicative competence (FLCC), comprising linguistic, speech, and sociocultural components. Special attention is given to the development of speech competence, particularly listening and speaking skills, which are key to successful communication. An analysis of modern electronic resources shows that the use of digital tools in distance learning effectively supports the development of these skills. At the same time, objective difficulties in listening and individual learner characteristics are highlighted, which must be taken into account when designing teaching methodologies. In conclusion, it is stated that a well-designed methodology incorporating digital technologies can significantly enhance students’ speech training and strengthen their overall foreign language communicative competence.

Annotatsiya. Hozirgi zamonda fizika ta’limi an’anaviy yondashuvlardan raqamli va interaktiv metodlarga o‘tmoqda. Ushbu maqolada fizikani o‘qitishda zamonaviy texnologiyalar, virtual laboratoriyalar, STEAM yondashuvi, eksperimental metodlar va o‘yinlashtirish kabi ilg‘or usullar tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu metodlar o‘quvchilarning fanga bo‘lgan qiziqishini oshirish, murakkab tushunchalarni oson tushunishga yordam berish va nazariy bilimlarni amaliyotga tatbiq etish imkonini beradi. Maqolada har bir metodning afzalliklari, qo‘llanilish sohasi va samaradorligi haqidagi ilmiy dalillar keltiriladi.

Abstract. This article examines the effectiveness of technology-based communicative tasks in vocabulary acquisition in various ESL (English as a Second Language) classrooms. Communicative activities organized with the help of modern technologies and online platforms assist learners in acquiring new words in context, strengthening language skills, and increasing motivation towards language learning. The research results show that technology-based tasks significantly enhance learners’ vocabulary and help develop their speaking abilities.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada Abdulla Qodiriyning "O'tgan kunlar" romani tarbiyaviy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Roman o‘zbek adabiyotida milliy ma'naviyat va axloqiy qadriyatlarni shakllantirishda muhim o‘rin tutadi. Asarda aks etgan insoniy fazilatlar, ota-ona va jamiyatga bo‘lgan mas’uliyat, do‘stlik va sadoqat kabi mavzular yosh avlodning tarbiyasida muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Mazkur maqola roman qahramonlari orqali tarbiyaviy tamoyillarni ochib beradi va ularning zamonaviy ta’lim-tarbiya jarayonlaridagi o‘rni haqida fikr yuritadi.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada Muborak tumanining mustaqillik yillaridagi ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy hayoti tahlil qilinadi. 1991-2024 yillar davomida tumanda amalga oshirilgan iqtisodiy islohotlar, sanoat va qishloq xo‘jaligi rivoji, ijtimoiy infratuzilma va aholi hayot darajasining o‘zgarishi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada tuman iqtisodiyotining asosiy tarmoqlari, bandlik, ta’lim, sog‘liqni saqlash sohasidagi yutuqlar va muammolar, shuningdek, hududning investitsion salohiyati va istiqbolli rivojlanish yo‘nalishlari yoritiladi. Tadqiqot Muborak tumanining mustaqillik davrida erishgan ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy yutuqlari va duch kelgan muammolarini kompleks tarzda ko‘rsatadi.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada ma’muriy huquq normalari tushunchasi, ularning xususiyatlari, tizimi va zamonaviy jamiyatdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Ma’muriy huquq normalari davlat boshqaruvida tartib-intizomni ta’minlash, fuqarolarning huquq va majburiyatlarini belgilash hamda ijtimoiy munosabatlarni tartibga solishda muhim vosita hisoblanadi. Maqolada ma’muriy huquq normalarining manbalari, ularning tizimlashtirilishi, shuningdek, amaliy hayotdagi roli va samaradorligi misollar bilan yoritiladi. Mazkur mavzu zamonaviy huquqshunoslik va davlat boshqaruvi sohasida dolzarb ahamiyatga ega.