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IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH PROPER
ORGANIZATION OF THE UTILIZATION PROCESS
IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Akhmadbek Jalilov
Andijan State Technical Institute, Senior Lecturer,
Department of Labor Protection
ahmadbekhfx555@gmail.com
Abstract:
This article analyzes the qualitative and quantitative study of the
release of harmful substances in the production process and measures to reduce their
impact on the health of workers. The impact of toxic substances, dust, gases, aerosols
and other chemical elements released into the atmospheric air at industrial enterprises
on the human div, as well as modern technological and environmental approaches to
their reduction, is considered. The effectiveness of preventive measures, protective
equipment and occupational hygiene measures is analyzed on a scientific basis.
Keywords:
industrial safety, harmful substances, toxic gases, dust content,
medical and preventive measures, ventilation system, environmental safety, worker
health, biological monitoring, technological modernization
Introduction:
With the development of industrial production, environmental
hazards are also increasing. Harmful chemicals generated during the production
process can negatively affect the health of workers. Dust, toxic gases, heavy metals,
radioactive and biological factors found in production workshops are dangerous to
human health. Therefore, controlling harmful substances and reducing their negative
impact on workers is an urgent issue.
Types of harmful substances in production and their effects on health
Harmful chemicals generated during production can have a negative impact on
workers' health in various ways, causing problems with the respiratory, nervous, liver
and kidney systems. Therefore, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment,
strengthen technical measures, improve ventilation systems and ensure constant
medical monitoring to protect workers. These measures are important in protecting
workers' health, making production processes safe and protecting the environment
from pollution.
The impact of chemicals on humans is felt directly (when preparing mixtures,
treating seeds, soil, plants) and indirectly - through plant and food products, fruits and
vegetables obtained from fields treated with chemicals, as well as through animal
products (meat, cottage cheese, milk, eggs, etc.) and when plant products are used as
feed, the content of which in the composition of which exceeds the standard level of
nitrates and pesticides is higher than the norm. Pesticides are more dangerous for
humans than mineral fertilizers. According to their use, pesticides are divided into
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insecticides (for combating insects), acaricides (for ticks), rodenticides (for harmful
rodents), fungicides (for fungi), bactericides (for bacteria), herbicides (for weeds), etc.
According to hygienic properties, pesticides are classified as follows: - according to
toxicity when administered to experimental animals in the stomach (highly toxic,
highly toxic, low toxic); - according to toxicity through the skin (acute, moderate and
weakly expressed); - according to volatility (highly dangerous, dangerous and low
dangerous); - according to the strong effect of toxic substances on the div (highly,
significant, moderate, low); 11 - according to their stability in the soil (very stable -
poisoning for more than 2 years, stable - from 0.5 to 2 years, medium stable - from 1
to 6 months and low stable - up to 1 month). The main methods of preventing poisoning
with pesticides and mineral fertilizers: compliance with the norms, rules and
instructions for labor protection when working with them. Workers should use personal
and collective protective equipment, strictly observe the rules for agricultural
machinery, processing crops and the amount of chemical preparations consumed, carry
out chemical treatments at a sufficient distance from residential areas, livestock farms,
water bodies, observe the permitted wind speed, the period of the last chemical
treatment of crops before harvesting; use only tested and permitted preparations.
Persons who do not meet medical requirements and have undergone initial and periodic
medical examinations are allowed to work with pesticides and mineral fertilizers.
Chemicals: Sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx),
phenols, formaldehyde, ammonia, and other gases can harm workers' health. Long-
term exposure can cause respiratory diseases, allergic reactions, and cancer.
Dust and aerosols:
Cement, metal, plastic, and coal dust damage human lung
tissue and lead to the development of diseases.
Biological harmful factors:
Bacteria, fungi, and viruses can become airborne in
production environments and cause various infectious diseases.
1.
Methods for qualitative and quantitative study of the distribution of
harmful substances
Qualitative and quantitative study of the distribution of harmful substances is a
systematic research process aimed at identifying harmful chemicals present in the
production environment or in the environment, studying their quantity and distribution
characteristics. These research methods play an important role not only in identifying
existing pollutants, but also in determining the level of their impact, and assessing the
potential risk to the environment and human health. Below we will consider these
methods in detail.
-Air quality monitoring - special gas analyzers and spectrophotometric methods
are used to determine the amount of harmful substances.
-Aerosol and dust measurement - laser analyzers are used to measure dust and
aerosol levels in production facilities.
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-Determining the amount of toxic substances in the div of workers - biological
monitoring determines the presence of harmful chemicals in human blood or urine.
3. Measures to reduce the impact of harmful substances on the health of
workers
Improving ventilation systems:
Implementing effective ventilation and air
purification systems to eliminate harmful substances in production workshops.
Use of personal protective equipment:
Reduce exposure to harmful substances
by using respirators, protective masks, goggles, gloves, and special clothing.
Automation and robotics application:
Minimize risks associated with
hazardous substances by automating processes that may come into direct contact with
workers.
Introduction of medical and preventive measures:
Ensuring that workers
undergo regular medical examinations and monitoring the levels of harmful substances
in their bodies.
Modernization of technological processes:
Reducing toxic waste by introducing
environmentally friendly materials and raw materials.
Conclusion and recommendations:
Harmful substances in the production
process can pose a significant health risk. This article discusses the types of harmful
substances, their effects and monitoring methods. The introduction of modern
environmental technologies in production, the use of protective equipment and regular
medical examinations of workers are important in reducing the impact of harmful
substances on health. In the future, it is necessary to conduct more extensive research
on improving environmental standards and strengthening safety measures at
production enterprises. The release of harmful substances in the production process
poses a serious threat to the environment and the health of workers. This study is aimed
at qualitatively and quantitatively studying harmful substances and developing
effective measures to reduce their impact on human health.
The analysis showed that the main types of harmful substances released into the
air during production are gases, dust, aerosols and other chemical compounds, the
composition of which depends on the type of production. These substances can enter
the human div through the respiratory tract, skin and digestive system and cause
various diseases. In particular, respiratory diseases, allergic reactions, chronic
intoxication and other health problems arise in connection with harmful factors of
production.
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