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CLINICAL-LABORATORY EXAMINATION OF DENTAL DISEASES IN
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY WORKERS AND
IDENTIFICATION OF
MODERN TREATMENT METHODS
Sabirov Shuxrat Solijonovich
Bukhara State Medical Institute
Abstract.
The question of negative conditions in the oral cavity of workers in the
chemical industry remains relevant. It has been proven that the high prevalence of non-
carious lesions of the teeth and oral mucosa is associated with production processes
such as oil and gas extraction, metallurgy, chemical production, baking and
confectionery.
Keywords.
dental diseases, general condition, caries.
Prevention and health of dental diseases helps to maintain the working ability of
an important part of the country's population - workers of industrial enterprises,
especially a number of studies reliably reveal the role of teeth and surrounding tissues
in the general condition of the div [1].
It has been proven that there is a high risk of occupational diseases among workers
in the industry. It is related to the intake of compounds of elements into the human
div through the oral cavity. Industrial workers are characterized by a high prevalence
of dental caries and inflammatory periodontal diseases [4] .
Chemical substances of the industrial air environment were detected in oral fluid,
hard tissues of teeth, and biopsy samples of the structure of the mucous membrane of
the oral cavity. They increase the progression of dental caries due to the exchange of
calcium ions in hydroxyapatite crystals, chronic inflammation in periodontal tissues,
damage to the integrity of the epithelium of the oral mucosa [6].
But the impact of industrial chemical factors on the oral cavity of workers, the
consequences of these effects have not been fully studied. Taking this into account, the
need to continue dental, clinical, functional and microbiological research on this issue
has not lost its relevance [2,5].
On the basis of dental medical examination, results of special and additional
examination of the oral cavity and evaluation of the working conditions from the
sanitary and hygienic point of view, it was determined that there are unpleasant sanitary
and hygienic factors in the working conditions of the workers, which affect the entire
div of the workers and it causes a number of general and dental diseases due to the
negative impact on the tissues of the oral cavity [4,7].
One of the main features of oral cavity diseases found among the workers of
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"Navoiazot" enterprise is that they have more damage to the mucous membrane of the
oral cavity and periodontal tissue. Allergic stomatitis is the most common among them
(44.5%), 5.7 times more than the control group (7.7%) [3,6] .
27.4% - 41.8% of periodontal tissue diseases that occur among workers due to the
direct effect of harmful factors specific to their professional description or observed in
the working conditions of the enterprise. In the control group, these diseases occur 2
times less (14.1% - 21.4%). It should be noted that the observed changes in the oral
cavity are accompanied by reddening, swelling, itching, grinding of the teeth, soreness
of the tongue, tickling of the upper respiratory tract, and rapid sneezing [1,4].
The purpose of the study.
Clinical-laboratory examination of dental diseases in
chemical industry workers and
identification of modern treatment methods .
Research material.
Examining patients is aimed at making a correct diagnosis of
their diseases and choosing treatment methods. Any changes observed in the patient's
div during the examination should be approached very carefully. Because this
condition can help in determining the etiological factors of general and dental diseases
observed in the div. One of the main conditions for examining patients is to study
their complaints. Studying patients' complaints is one of the main stages of diagnosing
the disease.
But to make an accurate diagnosis of the disease and to choose the right treatment
measures, it is necessary to take into account the general state of the patient's div.
Therefore, methods of collecting general and special anamnestic data in diagnosis
are different.
Diseases of the oral cavity found among the employees of the "Navoiazot"
enterprise help to determine the degree of influence of general diseases in the div on
the organs of the oral cavity. Because the changes in the oral cavity can appear as a
symptom of the common accompanying diseases observed in the patient's div. In
addition, the identification of general diseases in the patient's div helps to determine
the indications and contraindications for the selection of anesthetics used in the local
anesthesia planned for the patient.
A special anamnesis collection aims to study the patients' complaints related to
the maxillofacial area. For this, patients are supposed to tell about their complaints, and
additional questions are asked in order to find out when they appeared, the reason, and
the characteristics of their course.
Pain is one of the main reasons for patients to visit a dentist. Pain may occur: in
dental diseases (caries, non-carious lesions, pulpitis, periodontitis), periodontal disease
(gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontosis) and oral mucosa (stomatitis), and pain may
occur in the face-jaw area.
In dental caries and noncarious diseases, there is pain in the dental area under the
influence of external influences (mechanical, thermal, and chemical), and the pain
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stops when the influence ends.
Pain in the pulpit complains of pain without cause, which occurs at night and is
aggravated by external influences.
In periodontitis, the patient complains of constant, throbbing pain that worsens
when biting.
In periodontal diseases, patients complain of bleeding gums, teeth grinding, and
in some cases, tooth loss in addition to pain.
In diseases of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, patients complain of
dryness of the mouth, redness of the mucous membrane and the appearance of ulcers,
as well as bad breath.
1470 patients aged 19-55 years and older who were undergoing treatment with
oral cavity diseases among the employees of the "Navoiazot" enterprise were
examined. Patients aged 19 to 55 years and older were considered to be at high risk of
poisoning from chemical production. Age levels of patients were compiled according
to the WHO classification (Table 1). 568 (38.6%) age group from 19 to 29 years old,
354 (24.1%) age group 30-39 years old, 450 patients aged 40-54 years old (30.6%), 98
patients It was in the range of 55 years and older (6.67 %).
The inspection begins with a sanitary-hygienic assessment of working conditions
in chemical industry workplaces and shops. For this purpose, the results of inspections
carried out every year are studied by the employees of the sanitary-epidemiological
control center. Then the condition of the oral cavity and maxillofacial area of the
workers suffering from various diseases is assessed. In this, changes in the mucous
membrane of the oral cavity, periodontium, lips, lungs are detected, as well as special
and additional examination methods are performed.
Studying the general anamnesis helps to determine the degree of impact of general
diseases in the patient's div on the organs of the oral cavity. Because the changes in
the oral cavity can be manifested as a sign of the common accompanying diseases
observed in the patient's div. In addition, the identification of general diseases in the
patient's div helps to determine the indications and contraindications for the selection
of anesthetics used in the local anesthesia planned for the patient.
A special anamnesis collection aims to study the patients' complaints related to
the maxillofacial area. For this, patients are supposed to tell about their complaints, and
additional questions are asked in order to find out when they appeared, the reason, and
the characteristics of their course.
Pain is one of the main reasons for patients to visit a dentist. There may be pain:
in dental diseases (caries, non-carious lesions, pulpitis, periodontitis), periodontal
disease (gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontosis) and oral mucosa (stomatitis), and pain
may occur in the face-jaw area, for example, a sign of myocardial infarction,
osteochondrosis diseases in order to determine which disease is characteristic of the
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pain, its characteristics are studied.
In dental caries and noncarious diseases, there is pain in the dental area under the
influence of external influences (mechanical, thermal, and chemical), and the pain
stops when the influence ends.
Pain in the pulpit complains of pain without cause, which occurs at night and is
aggravated by external influences.
In periodontitis, the patient complains of constant, throbbing pain that worsens
when biting.
In periodontal diseases, patients complain of bleeding gums, teeth grinding, and
in some cases, tooth loss in addition to pain.
In diseases of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, patients complain of
dryness of the mouth, redness of the mucous membrane and the appearance of ulcers,
as well as bad breath.
Research methods:
1. Dental (visual, instrumental, instrumental stomatological examination).
2. Microbiological methods of studying samples of oral fluid in the oral cavity
(microscopic examination, local examination).
3. Histological research methods: reactive changes in the gastrointestinal tract
with various diseases.
The oral cavity, tongue, lips. Rubbing, scraping and removal of traces from the
surface of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity . Examination of the inner surface
of the lungs along the line of closing the teeth, the hard and soft palate, the retromolar,
sublingual area of the bottom of the mouth, the inner surface of the lips, the corners of
the mouth, the red border of the lips, the lips.
4. Statistics ( variational statistics, correlation analysis, OR, RR).
In the results of the study conducted in patients with oral diseases caused by
chemical poisoning, a high significant frequency of the main dental diseases in the oral
cavity was determined in the comparative study of patients with patients in the control
group (Table 2). The rates of primary dental disease in patients with oral disease caused
by chemical poisoning showed a significantly higher frequency of primary dental
disease compared to patients in the control group. But it is especially high in patients
with oral diseases caused by chemical poisoning, compared to both controls and
patients with primary poisoning.
The age distribution of patients with oral cavity diseases caused by chemical
poisoning was similar to the groups of patients aged 55 years and older , we selected
mainly patients aged 19-29 and 40-54 years for the study as an elderly group, with 115
patients, and all in-depth studies were conducted with elderly patients.
The intensity of caries in patients with oral diseases caused by chemical poisoning
was reliably higher in both the first and second age groups compared to the data
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obtained from patients of the control group. In the first age group, KPU+kp was equal
to 5.19±0.10, in the second group - 5.21±0.10. 2.14±0.06 and 1.95±0.04 in the control
group, respectively. The conducted studies proved the high prevalence and intensity of
caries in both studied groups in patients with oral diseases caused by chemical
poisoning. It should be mentioned that caries in permanent teeth is early and
aggressive, and caries complications such as pulpitis and periodontitis develop in a
short period of time, while the main disease is almost asymptomatic against the
background of strong, anti-inflammatory therapy. It was determined that the beginning
of caries disease is in the period of eruption of permanent teeth or in the first year of
eruption of teeth, as well as the presence of several carious cavities in the crown parts
of permanent teeth. In patients with diseases of the oral cavity caused by chemical
poisoning, the specificity of dental caries is the nature of its reproduction, the presence
of several carious cavities in 1 tooth (up to 3-4). It was found that caries is found not
only in the typical dental areas, but also in the pre-neck area.
Conclusions:
1. When planning complex treatment of basic dental diseases for patients with
oral cavity diseases caused by chemical poisoning, it is necessary to take into account
the high level of morbidity of oral cavity organs.
2. Patients with diseases of the oral cavity caused by chemical poisoning should
use additional tools for the prevention and treatment of dental caries and periodontal
diseases, along with increasing dental knowledge and hygiene education.
3. The regenerative properties of the quercetin powder drug are manifested in
accelerated wound healing. Quertin powders are highly active in the treatment of
periodontal diseases, treatment of erosive and ulcerative diseases of the mucous
membrane of the oral cavity, and purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues .
Quertin powders should be used in practice.
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