Vol. 70 No. 1 (2025)

Follistatin is a glycoprotein that plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes by binding and neutralizing members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, notably activins and myostatin. This interaction influences muscle growth, inflammation, fertility, and cellular signaling pathways.

The purpose of the study. Follistatin, also known as activin-bindings protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FST gene. Follistatin is an autocrine glycoprotein that is expressed in nearly all tissues of higher animals.

Research material and methods. Structure and Isoforms: Follistatin is primarily produced in the liver and is present in nearly all body tissues. It exists in multiple isoforms resulting from alternative splicing:

1. Follistatin 344 (FS-344): The most basic form, primarily used in gene therapy research. It can be converted into other forms to target different tissues.


2. Follistatin 315: The main form found in the bloodstream, predominantly targeting muscle tissue.


3. Follistatin 288: Involved mainly in reproductive health and has implications in tumor development.

Follistatin is a glycoprotein that plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes by binding and neutralizing members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, notably activins and myostatin. This interaction influences muscle growth, inflammation, fertility, and cellular signaling pathways.

The purpose of the study. Follistatin, also known as activin-bindings protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FST gene. Follistatin is an autocrine glycoprotein that is expressed in nearly all tissues of higher animals.

Research material and methods. Structure and Isoforms: Follistatin is primarily produced in the liver and is present in nearly all body tissues. It exists in multiple isoforms resulting from alternative splicing:

1. Follistatin 344 (FS-344): The most basic form, primarily used in gene therapy research. It can be converted into other forms to target different tissues.


2. Follistatin 315: The main form found in the bloodstream, predominantly targeting muscle tissue.


3. Follistatin 288: Involved mainly in reproductive health and has implications in tumor development.

Annotation: The article discusses when the upbringing of children in a family should begin and the preparation of future brides and grooms for married life. It emphasizes that future spouses should acquire knowledge and be raised in the principles of family life and marriage. Additionally, it is crucial for them to choose a respectful and capable partner. If the phase of child-rearing is established on a solid foundation, it will lay the groundwork for positive developments in subsequent stages. The article also analyzes the importance of marriage and highlights that the family is the foundation of society.

This article is dedicated to studying the methodology for improving the provision of electronic educational resources for teachers in specialized subjects in a virtual learning environment. In the 21st century, the growing role of digital education and the effective application of modern technologies in the educational process, particularly electronic resources for teachers, are of significant importance. The article discusses the design of electronic resources in a virtual learning environment, their content, and the necessary methodological approaches to make them pedagogically effective. Electronic resources prepared for teachers in specialized subjects, such as video lessons, interactive exercises, online tests, and electronic textbooks, can improve the quality of teaching and develop students' independent working skills. Moreover, the article provides methodological recommendations for improving teachers' knowledge and skills, adapting them to digital educational technologies, and making the learning process more interactive and motivating. The research results will help teachers deliver their knowledge effectively in a virtual learning environment and provide higher-quality educational services to students.

Abstract. The article deals with the terminologies and their contents,  meanings and usages, in  real life. Modern  technology,  innovative technologies, their meanings and contents have been described.

Abstract: In an era where digital technologies and information and communication technologies are rapidly transforming every aspect of our lives, integrating digital literacy into the core professional competencies of future English language teachers in higher education institutions is becoming an increasingly important issue. As education progressively transitions to digital platforms, educators must not only demonstrate proficiency in pedagogical practices but also exhibit competence in utilizing digital tools for effective language instruction. The ability to navigate digital resources, incorporate interactive learning methodologies, and remain adaptable to ongoing technological advancements is crucial for enhancing student engagement and optimizing learning outcomes in the contemporary educational landscape. Moreover, digital literacy equips educators to design customized learning experiences, integrate AI-powered educational tools, and leverage virtual and augmented reality for engaging language instruction. It further strengthens teachers' capacity to critically assess digital resources, maintain cybersecurity in virtual classrooms, and cultivate students' media and information literacy. As the responsibilities of educators extend beyond conventional teaching environments, cultivating digital proficiency is vital for preparing future educators to address the challenges of 21st-century education and bridge the divide between traditional and technology-integrated learning methodologies.

Abstract: In an era where digital technologies and information and communication technologies are rapidly transforming every aspect of our lives, integrating digital literacy into the core professional competencies of future English language teachers in higher education institutions is becoming an increasingly important issue. As education progressively transitions to digital platforms, educators must not only demonstrate proficiency in pedagogical practices but also exhibit competence in utilizing digital tools for effective language instruction. The ability to navigate digital resources, incorporate interactive learning methodologies, and remain adaptable to ongoing technological advancements is crucial for enhancing student engagement and optimizing learning outcomes in the contemporary educational landscape. Moreover, digital literacy equips educators to design customized learning experiences, integrate AI-powered educational tools, and leverage virtual and augmented reality for engaging language instruction. It further strengthens teachers' capacity to critically assess digital resources, maintain cybersecurity in virtual classrooms, and cultivate students' media and information literacy. As the responsibilities of educators extend beyond conventional teaching environments, cultivating digital proficiency is vital for preparing future educators to address the challenges of 21st-century education and bridge the divide between traditional and technology-integrated learning methodologies.

Abstract. The article deals with the terminologies and their contents,  meanings and usages, in  real life. Modern  technology,  innovative technologies, their meanings and contents have been described.

This article is dedicated to studying the methodology for improving the provision of electronic educational resources for teachers in specialized subjects in a virtual learning environment. In the 21st century, the growing role of digital education and the effective application of modern technologies in the educational process, particularly electronic resources for teachers, are of significant importance. The article discusses the design of electronic resources in a virtual learning environment, their content, and the necessary methodological approaches to make them pedagogically effective. Electronic resources prepared for teachers in specialized subjects, such as video lessons, interactive exercises, online tests, and electronic textbooks, can improve the quality of teaching and develop students' independent working skills. Moreover, the article provides methodological recommendations for improving teachers' knowledge and skills, adapting them to digital educational technologies, and making the learning process more interactive and motivating. The research results will help teachers deliver their knowledge effectively in a virtual learning environment and provide higher-quality educational services to students.

Annotation: The article discusses when the upbringing of children in a family should begin and the preparation of future brides and grooms for married life. It emphasizes that future spouses should acquire knowledge and be raised in the principles of family life and marriage. Additionally, it is crucial for them to choose a respectful and capable partner. If the phase of child-rearing is established on a solid foundation, it will lay the groundwork for positive developments in subsequent stages. The article also analyzes the importance of marriage and highlights that the family is the foundation of society.