MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-28
Часть–2_Июнь –2025
344
NUTRION AND OBESTIY
Qo’ldosheva Mo’tabar Muhtarovna
English teacher
Xo’jaobod public health technikum named abter Abu ali ibn Sino
Nutrition-
is
the biochemical and physiological process
by
which
an organism uses food and water to support its life. The intake of these substances
provides organisms with nutrients (divided into macro- and micro-) which can
be metabolized to create energy and chemical structures; too much or too little of an
essential nutrient can cause malnutrition. Nutritional science, the study of nutrition as
a hard science, typically emphasizes human nutrition.
The type of organism determines what nutrients it needs and how it obtains
them. Organisms obtain nutrients by consuming organic matter, consuming inorganic
matter, absorbing light, or some combination of these. Some can produce nutrients
internally by consuming basic elements, while some must consume other organisms
to obtain pre-existing nutrients. All forms of life require carbon, energy, and water as
well as various other molecules. Animals require complex nutrients such
as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, obtaining them by consuming other organisms.
Humans have developed agriculture and cooking to replace foraging and advance
human nutrition. Plants acquire nutrients through the soil and the atmosphere. Fungi
absorb nutrients around them by breaking them down and absorbing them through
the mycelium
Overweight and obesity
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-28
Часть–2_Июнь –2025
345
In the UK and many other developed countries, overweight and obesity rates
in adults and children have been increasing over the years.
In 2021, 26% of adults in England were obese. A higher proportion of men
than women were either overweight or obese (69% compared with 59%).
It is important to lead an active lifestyle and make healthier food choices.
Over nutrition
Over nutrition is a problem usually associated with developed countries, such
as the UK.
The most common form of over nutrition is having an energy intake in excess
of needs, resulting in overweight and obesity.
Very high intakes of minerals and fat-soluble vitamins (more can usually be
obtained from food sources alone) can be toxic. This is because they are stored in the
div, e.g. vitamin A is stored in the liver.
Obesity
People who are obese are more likely to suffer from:
• coronary heart disease;
• type 2 diabetes;
• gall stones;
• arthritis;
• high blood pressure;
• some types of cancers, i.e. colon, breast, kidney and stomach.
Energy balance
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-28
Часть–2_Июнь –2025
346
To maintain div weight it is necessary to balance energy intake (from food
and drink) with energy expenditure (from activity).
This is called energy balance.
When energy intake is higher than energy output, over time this will lead to
weight gain (positive energy balance).
When energy intake is lower than energy output, over time this will lead to
weight loss (negative energy balance).
Negative energy balance
A person is said to be in negative energy balance when there is insufficient
energy from the diet to meet energy demands of the div. Energy is derived from
energy stores and the person loses weight.
People who achieve a negative energy balance over an extended period of
time are likely to become underweight.
Being underweight is associated with health problems, such as osteoporosis
(low bone mass), infertility (difficulty to conceive) and even heart failure.
Energy balance
Energy balance can be maintained by:
regulating energy intake through the diet;
adjusting physical activity levels;
a combination of both.
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-28
Часть–2_Июнь –2025
347
USED LITERATURE
1.Professional English in Use.Medicine. Eric H. Glendinning, Ron Howard;
Cambridge. 2017
2.English in Medicine. Eric H. Glendinning, Beverly A.S.Holmstrom
3.Uchebnikangliyskogoyazыkadlyameditsinskixvuzov.
MaslovaA.M.idr.Moskva.
2018
