MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
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ELECTIVITY OF ADVERBS IN VERB CONSTRUCTIONS
Mukhammadjonova Dinara A’zamovna
is a 1-year Master’s student at the
Faculty of Russian Philology of UzSWLU
Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the systemic-semantic aspects
of the compatibility of adverbs with verbs in the modern Russian language. An adverb
as a part of speech plays a key role in modifying and clarifying the meanings of verbs,
giving the utterance additional shades of meaning. The compatibility of adverbs with
verbs is an important aspect that makes it possible to identify both the semantic
structure of the language and the patterns of its functioning.
Keywords: adverb, semantics, modern Russian language, compatibility, verb,
lexical compatibility, modification of action, typology of adverbs, meaning of adverbs,
context, lexicography, translation, language functioning.
The concept of combinability is interpreted in linguistics as "the ability of
linguistic units to connect with each other according to the laws of language".
1
Compatibility can be semantic, grammatical and lexical. In the context of adverbs and
verbs, the lexical and semantic aspect is the most significant: "certain adverbs "prefer"
certain verbs, and vice versa.
2
For example, an adverb
is quickly
combined with verbs such as
run, speak,
work
, but is not combined with the verb stand in the direct meaning. Such
combinations are regulated by the logic of action and the peculiarities of the semantic
structure of the verb.
The semantic classification of adverbs allows us to distinguish several groups
that are typically combined with verbs:
1
Vinogradov V.V. Osnovy russkogo slovoobrazovanie [Fundamentals of Russian word formation]. Moscow, Nauka Publ.,
1972. – C. 271
2
Abdurakhmanov F. Taking into account semantic and syntactic valence in Russian and Uzbek languages in teaching
Russian as a foreign language. – P. 47.
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
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234
Adverbs
of the mode of action
(
slowly, loudly, neatly
) modify the procedural
characteristics of the action.
Adverbs
of time
(
yesterday, recently, soon
) indicate the temporal parameters
of the action.
Adverbs
of place
(
everywhere, near, houses
) localize the action in space.
The adverbs
of measure and degree
(
very, a little, excessively
) express the
intensity of the action.
Each of these groups shows selective combinability: for example, it is used
loudly
with verbs such as
sing, shouting, laughing
, but it is not combined with
walking.
"Violation of compatibility often leads to communicative failures."
3
For
example, the combination
to stand quickly
or
to sleep loudly
is perceived as incorrect
or acquires a figurative meaning. This is due to the fact that verbs of a weak-actional
nature (
standing, hibernation
) do not go well with adverbs of high dynamics or sensory
modality.
Lexical semantics (for example, the adverb "
tasty
" is combined only with verbs
related to cooking or eating food: "
cook tasty", "eat tasty", but not "sleep deliciously
").
Grammatical properties (for example, adverbs of the past tense "
yesterday",
"long ago")
are not combined with verbs in the future tense
: He will come yesterday –
a mistake
.
As I.R. Galperin notes, "the limitations of compatibility are formed on the basis
of the experience accumulated by language and are fixed in the system of
collocations."
4
Thus, compatibility is not an arbitrary phenomenon, but a systemic one.
The modern Russian language demonstrates "the activation of colloquial and
journalistic models, where there is an expansion of compatibility."
5
For example, the
adverb
is really
more and more often combined with verbs that were not previously
3
Lagai E. A. Lingvometodicheskie aspekty obucheniya turkoyazychnykh studentov prepositional-case konstruktsiyam
russkogo yazyka [Linguistic and methodological aspects of teaching Turkic-speaking students prepositional-case
constructions of the Russian language]. – 2021. – P. 187-190.
4
Galperin I.R. Lexicology of the English language. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1981. – P. 57.
5
Lagai E. A. Obuchenie nauchnogo rechi studentov-filologov kak aktual'naya problema sovremennogo Vuzovskogo
obrazovaniya [Teaching scientific speech of students-philologists as an actual problem of modern university education]
// New and traditional aspects in the multicultural space of teaching Russian as a foreign language: actual issues of theory
and practice. – 2024. – T. 21. – P. 152.
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-26
Часть–8_ Май –2025
235
characteristic of it:
to really understand, to really fear
. This can be seen as a sign of
lexical deregulation or creative use of language.
Thus, the compatibility of adverbs with verbs is an important area of research
that reveals the mechanisms of interaction of meanings at the level of a word
combination. Despite a certain freedom of combination in the Russian language, it is
strictly regulated by semantic and syntactic norms. The study of these processes is
necessary both for theoretical linguistics and for applied problems (lexicography,
teaching Russian as a Russian as a foreign language).
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русском и узбекском языках при обучении РКИ // Filologiya va pedagogika. – С.
47.
3. Виноградов В.В. Основы русского словообразования. – Наука, 1972. – C. 271.
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