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CLASSIFICATION OF FEATURES OF THEMATIC GROUPS OF
FAMILY VOCABULARY
Termiz iqtisodiyot va servis universiteti
2-bosqich magistranti
Usmonova Gulchehra Omonovna
Abstract:
this article discusses the features of the development of the study of
foreign languages and its impact on education. A cross and comparative analysis of
the influence of the choice of the direction of development of the study of a foreign
language was carried out and also this article will provide a comprehensive overview
of the many different types of families and family members that exist in today’s
society, and how they are all connected.
Key words:
analysis, method, research, foreign language, teaching, family
members, different types of family and others.
КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ
ГРУПП СЕМЕЙНОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ
Аннотация:
в данной статье рассматриваются особенности
развития изучения иностранных языков и его влияние на образование. Проведен
перекрестный и сравнительный анализ влияния выбора направления развития
изучения иностранного языка, а также в данной статье будет представлен
комплексный обзор множества различных типов семей и членов семьи,
которые существуют в современном обществе, и как они все связаны.
Ключевые слова:
анализ, метод, исследование, иностранный язык,
обучение, члены семьи, различные типы семьи и другие.
OILAVIY LUG'ATLARNING TEMATIK GURUHLAR
XUSUSIYATLARI TASNIFI
Annotatsiya:
ushbu maqolada chet tillarini o'rganishning rivojlanish
xususiyatlari va uning ta'limga ta'siri muhokama qilinadi. Chet tilini o'rganishning
rivojlanish yo'nalishini tanlashning ta'sirining o'zaro va qiyosiy tahlili o'tkazildi,
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shuningdek, ushbu maqolada bugungi jamiyatda mavjud bo'lgan ko'plab turdagi
oilalar va oila a'zolari va ularning barchasi qanday bog'liqligi haqida to'liq ma'lumot
beriladi.
Kalit so'zlar:
tahlil, metod, tadqiqot, chet tili, o'qitish, oila a'zolari, oilaning
har xil turlari va boshqalar.
In the vocabulary of any language, including English, there are numerous
links, thanks to which the totality of lexical units becomes not a chaotic heap of words
and stable phrases, but a fairly clear, albeit complex, organized system in which some
subsystems of more closely related units are distinguished. words and phrases
organized according to one principle or another. For different research purposes,
different types of word groupings are effective. These include, in particular, thematic
(or ideographic) groups, semantic fields, lexico-semantic groups, synonymic series,
antonyms, etc.
Thematic groups are identified not so much on a linguistic basis as on an
extralinguistic basis: the criterion for combining words here is that the things and
phenomena they call occur together and are closely related to each other in reality (for
example, terms of kinship, names of parts of the human div, military terms and etc.).
Words within a topic group are usually in hyper-hyponymic relationships together.
This type of relationship between units of the lexico-semantic system of a language,
based on their generic conceptual commonality, is recognized as one of the most
important constitutive principles for organizing the vocabulary of all languages. A
classic example of this kind of structure is the designation of plants. In a number of
plant names, the most general term plant stands out, which is generic in relation to all
other plant names.
The names tree "tree", bush "bush", grass "grass", flower "flower" , etc. act in
relation to the generic name, or hypernym, as subordinates, associated with the
designation of less broad classes of plants, their individual subspecies and hyponyms
associated with the relationship of subordination . In turn, they have a number of
words subordinate to them - the names of specific types of trees, bushes, herbs, etc. -
and correlate with them as hypernyms.
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A semantic field is a structured group of words with related meanings, which
is characterized by certain patterns. The semantic field theory is based on the position
that linguistic units (of any level) do not have intrinsic significance in isolation, but
acquire linguistic significance only due to their relations, both paradigmatic and
syntagmatic, with other units in the system. When applied to lexical semantics, this
principle means that it is useless, for example, to figure out the meaning of the word
warm without at the same time examining its relationship with the words cold , hot ,
cool , freezing , scorching , etc. because the value warm is just a cell in a network of
contrasts, one element in a system of oppositions. The same can be said about concrete
nouns. It is impossible, for example, to determine what the word cat means in
isolation, because this is also only one unit in the system of oppositions, along with
such words as animal, dog, kitten, etc.
The founder of the theory of the semantic field is J. Trier. The novelty of
Trier's theory lay in a purely structural approach to the study of the meaning of a
word. He considered the entire vocabulary of the language as an integrated system in
which each lexical unit is defined and distinguished by its relationship with other
elements of the system. Separate words, playing the role of mosaic cubes, according
to Trier, completely cover, without spaces, all the meanings covered by the
vocabulary, and form a continuous field, a kind of mosaic that is in a state of motion
(i.e., if a change occurs in one unit, this inevitably entails changes in neighboring
units).
This model of semantic structure opened up a new way to study the meaning
of a word: to trace the changes taking place in the system in diachrony. Of course, the
entire vocabulary of a language cannot be studied in this way, but the task of studying
more limited lexical fields, i.e. groups of words covering a certain concept. For
example, there is a conceptual field in red. Physically, this is the part of the spectrum
where there are different tones. They are objective. There are a lot of them. Are all of
them reflected in the language and how? In English, for example, the concept of "red"
is covered by the words: red - red, crimson; crimson - dark red, raspberry; vermillion
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– bright red, cinnabar, etc. The meaning of each of these words is defined as part of
the conceptual field, and all of them are defined in relation to each other.
Trier's theory has been criticized, which, however, does not detract from the
significance of his influence on lexical studies. For example, the assertion that the
entire vocabulary of a language is structured as a single common field is not
confirmed in practice. It is also impossible to agree with the statement that the
elements of the field form a dense, compact, impenetrable structure in which there are
no gaps (lacunae). Among other problems, one can name the exact selection of the
conceptual field (concept) and the definition of the same field in different historical
periods.
Family Members
Here is the list of family members in English:
Mother
Father
Brother(s)
Sister(s)
Grandmother(s)
Grandfather(s)
Aunt(s)
Uncle(s)
Cousin(s)
Spouse/Partner
Son(s)
Daughter(s)
Stepmother(s)
Stepfather(s)
Stepbrother(s)
Stepsister(s)
Adopted family members
In-laws (such as mother-in-law, father-in-law)
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Different Types of Family
Diverse data from ethnography, history, law, and social statistics, reveal the
human family as a social institution and not as a biological fact founded on the
relationship of consanguinity. The different types of families occur in a wide variety
of settings, and their specific functions and meanings depend largely on their
relationship to other social institutions.
Here is the list of different types of family:
Nuclear family
Extended family
Single-parent family
Blended family
Adoptive family
Foster family
Same-sex parent family
Grandparent-led family
Binuclear family
Polygamous family
Communal family
Cohabiting family
Childless family
Stepfamily
Conjugal family (Nuclear family)
The term “nuclear family” is commonly used, especially in the United States
of America, to refer to conjugal families. A “conjugal” family includes only the
husband, the wife, and unmarried children who are not of age. Sociologists distinguish
between conjugal families and nuclear families. Other family structures, such as
blended parents, single parents, and domestic partnerships have begun to challenge
the normality of the nuclear family.
Matrifocal family
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A “matrifocal” family consists of a mother and her children. Generally, these
children are her biological offspring, although adoption of children is a practice in
nearly every society. This kind of family occurs commonly where women have the
resources to rear their children by themselves, or where men are more mobile than
women. As a definition, “a family or domestic group is matrifocal when it is centred
on a woman and her children.
Extended family
The term “extended family” is also common, especially in the United States.
This term has two distinct meanings. First, it serves as a synonym of “consanguinal
family”. Second, in societies dominated by the conjugal family, it refers to “kindred”
who do not belong to the conjugal family. These types refer to ideal or normative
structures found in particular societies. Any society will exhibit some variation in the
actual composition and conception of families.
Family of choice
The term “family of choice,” also sometimes referred to as “chosen family,”
is common within the LGBT community, both in academic literature and in colloquial
vocabulary. It refers to the group of people in an individual’s life that satisfies the
typical role of family as a support system. The term differentiates between the “family
of origin” and those that actively assume that ideal role. The family of choice may or
may not include some or all of the members of the family of origin.
Blended family
The term blended family or stepfamily describes families with mixed parents:
one or both parents remarried, bringing children of the former family into the new
family.
Monogamous family
A monogamous family is based on a legal or social monogamy. In this case,
an individual has only one partner during their lifetime or at any one time. This means
that a person may not have several different legal spouses at the same time, as this is
usually prohibited by bigamy laws, in jurisdictions that require monogamous
marriages.
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Polygamous family
Polygamy is a marriage that includes more than two partners. When a man is
married to more than one wife at a time, the relationship is called polygyny; and when
a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry. If a
marriage includes multiple husbands and wives, it can be called polyamory, group or
conjoint marriage.
REFERENCES
1.
Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология
английского языка: Учебное пособие для студентов педагогических вузов. 8-е
издание М.: Дрофа. 2008.
2.
Голубев А.П., Балюк Н.В., Смирнова И.Б. Английский язык. М.:
Академия, 2010.
3.
Данилова Г.А. Английский для психологов. Учебное пособие. М.:
Восток-Запад, АСТ, 2007.
4.
Short J. English for Psychology in Higher Education Studies. Course book.
Garnet education, 2010
