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LOTIN TILIDA BO’G’INGA AJRATISH VA URG’U QO’YISH
Maxmurova Mavjuda Halimovna
Osiyo xalqaro universiteti o`qituvchisi
Axmedova Moxinurbegim Ulug`bekovna
BDPI, Filologiya fakulteti talabasi
O’zbek tilida urg’u odatda ko’pincha so’zning oxirgi bo’g’inidagi unli
tovushga tushadi. Masalan: jigar, yurak. Lotin tilida esa urg’u so’zning oxiridan
ikkinchi yoki uchinchi bo’g’indagi unli tovushga tushadi.
1. Lotin tilida urg’u so’zning oxirgi bo’g’iniga tushmaydi.
2. Ikki bo’g’inli so’zlarda urg’u hamisha so’zning ikkinchi bo’g’iniga
tushadi: Co`sta - qovurg’a; ca`put - bosh
3. Agar so’zning oxiridan ikkinchi bo’g’in cho’ziq bo’lsa, urg’u o’sha
bo’g’inning unli tovushiga tushadi: Medici`na-tibbiyot; tinctu`ra -spirtli eritma,
destilla`tus tozalangan; solu`tus - eritilgan.
4.Agar so’zning ikkinchi bo’g’ini qisqa bo’lsa , urg’u so’zning oxiridan
uchinchi bo’g’indagi unli tovushga tushadi: Me`dicus-shifokor; pi`lula-hab dori;
cra`nium - kalla suyagi.
SO’ZLARNING BO’G’INLARGA AJRATILISHI
Lotin tilida o’zbek tilidagidek so’zlar bo’g’inlarga ajratiladi va so’zda nechta
unli harf bo’lsa , shuncha bo’g’in bo’ladi. Masalan: Com - po – si – tus, de – pu - ra -
tus, mas – ti – tis. Tovushlar cho’ziq va qisqa talaffuz qilinadi. Tovushning
cho’ziqligini belgilash uchun harf ustiga to’g’i chiziqcha , qisqaligini belgilash uchun
yoysimon chiziqcha qo’yiladi: ặ ā, ŏ ō, ĭ ī, ŭ ū, ĕ ē Tovush va bo’g’inlarning cho’ziq
yoki qisqaligini aniqlash uchun harf ustiga urg’u belgisi ( ‘) qo’yish kerak
LOTIN TILIDA URG’U
Lotin tilida urg‘u so‘zning oxiridan ikkinchi bo‘g‘ini cho‘ziq bo‘lsa, o‘sha
bo‘g‘inning unli tovushiga tushadi. Agar so‘zning ikkinchi bo‘g‘ini qisqa bo‘lsa,
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urg‘u so‘zning oxiridan uchinchi bo‘g‘indagi unli tovushga tushadi. Ikki bo‘g‘inli
so‘zlarda urg‘u hamisha so‘zning ikkinchi bo‘g‘iniga tushadi.
ex – trac-tum
ver - těb - ra
co - la - te – ra- lis
pi- lŭ – la
BO’G’INLARNING CHO’ZIQ QOIDALARI
1. Agar bo’g’inda diftong bo’lsa, o’sha bo’g’in cho’ziq talaffuz qilinadi.
Masalan: gangrāena - to’qimalarning o’lishi; diāeta - parhez; lagōena - shisha idish.
2.Agar unli harf ikki va undan ortiq undosh harflar yoki “x” va “z” undoshlari
oldida kelsa, shu bo’g’in cho’ziq o’qiladi. Masalan: maxīlla-yuqori jag’, tabulētta–
tabletka, unguēntum-surtma, Glycyrrhīzaqizilmiya,shirinmiya, reflēxus- reflex.
3.Agar bo’g’inda ur, in, at, ut , ar, al, os qo’shimchalari bo’lsa, bu bo’g’inlar
cho’ziq o’qiladi. Masalan: fissūra - tirqish; Analgīnum-Analgin; medicīna-tibbiyot
nitrātis-nitrat;
acūtus-o’tkir;
aquōsus-
suvli;
musculāris-mushakga
oid;
costālisqovurg’aga oid.
Bo’g’inlarning cho’ziq talaffuz etilishiga misollar
1.
ae , oe diftonglari so’z oxiridan ikkinchi bo’g’inda kelsa :
di – āe – ta , gan – grāe - na
3 2 1 3 2 1
2. Unli harf ikki yoki uchta undoshdan oldin kelsa : li - ga - mēn -tum
4 3 2 1
3.Unli harf z va x undoshlaridan oldin kelsa : re - flē - xus
3 2 1
4.ur , -in ot yasovchi suffikslari : in - ci - sū- ra, of - fi - c ī-na
4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1
5.at , -ar , -al , -os sifat yasovchi suffikslari : ar – cu – ā – tus , oc – ci - pi - tā
- lis
4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
ar - ti - cu - lā – ris , ner – vō- sus
5 4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Qisqalik qoidasi
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1. Agar unli harf unli harf oldida kelsa, o’sha bo’g’in qisqa o’qiladi. Masalan:
Olĕum -moy; labĭum - lab; folĭum–barg .
2. Agar unli harf bl , br , cl , cr , di , dr , pl , pr , tl , tr harf birikmalari oldida
kelsa, shu unli qisqa talaffuz qilinadi: vertebra - umurtqa; cerebrumbosh miya;
cicatrix - chandiq ; palpebra – qovoq.
3.Agar unli harf ch, th, ph, rh, qu harf birikmalari oldida kelsa qisqa o’qiladi:
stomachus - oshqozon; reliqus - qoloq; Amaphos-Amafos; choledochus - o’t (safro)
ga oid.
4. Agar bo’g’inda ul , ol , ib , il , id harf birikmalari bo’lsa, bo’g’in qisqa
o’qiladi: scapula-kurak; gracilis-nafis; solubilis- eruvchan; fluidus - suyuq.
5. ia qo’shimchasiga ega bo’lgan ayrim yunon atamalarida urg’u i harfiga
tushadi: Dysenteria-ichburug’; anaemia -kamqonlik; therapia-davolash; hypertonia -
qon bosimining ko’tarilishi.
Bundan shunday
xulosa
qilsa bo`ladiki, o`zbek tilida urg`u qo`yish qoidalari
lotin tilidan butunlay farq qiladi.O`zbek tilida so`zning oxiridagi bo`g`inga urg`u
qo`yilsa,lotin tilida aksincha so`zning oxirgi bo`g`iniga umuman urg`u qo`yilmaydi.
Turkiy tilda jumladan, o‗zbek tilida urg‗u o‗rniga ko‗ra ko‗chib yuruvchi
urg‗u sanaladi. Ya‘ni bunday so‘zlarda urg‘u so‘z oxiriga tushadi, so‘zga qo‘shimcha
qo‘shilishi bilan urg‘u ham ko‘chib boraveradi. Masalan: o‗ri`k – o‗rikzo`r —
o‗rikzorla`r — o‗rikzorlarga`.
Eslatma!
O‗zbek tiliga arab, fors-tojik, rus va boshqa yevropa tillaridan
o‗zlashgan so‗zlarda urg‗u barqaror o‗ringa ega. Bu urg‗uning o‗sha tillardagi
ahamiyati bilan bog‗liqdir. Masalan: Tadbir, ma‘lum, bahor, respublika, tijorat,
reklama, monitoring. (bu kabi so‟zlarga qo‟shimcha qo‟shila ham urg‟u
ko‟chmaydi)
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