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THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANT CONSERVATION AND ITS ROLE
IN BOTANY
Ismailov Khurshid Esirgapovich
pffdok (PhD), Academic Lyceum of Tashkent State Agrarian University
Abstract:Nature is one of the most important factors for the life and future of
humanity, and plants are an integral part of it. Plants produce oxygen, protect the
soil from erosion, ensure ecological balance, and are a source of food, medicine, and
raw materials for humans and animals. Therefore, protecting the plant world is not
only of ecological, but also of economic and scientific importance.
This article provides information on the concept of flora, the definition of flora
by legal scholars, statistics on plant species in the world and in the Republic of
Uzbekistan, flora objects, the experience of some developed countries in protecting
flora, the types of flora objects established in the legislation of the Republic of
Uzbekistan and the foundations of their protection.
Keywords:plant, plant world, world objects, botanical collections, plant
world protection, Uzbekistan - 2030 strategy.
The era we live in is the most advanced era of humanity in every field, and we
are influencing the nature around us to such an extent that we are even trying to
control it with technological means created by ourselves based on our own plans. As
if nature should serve us. But both nature and the plant world that lives in it have their
own way of life. So what is the plant world? What are the objects of the plant world?
Plants are life. 80 percent of the food we eat and 98 percent of the oxygen we breathe
depend on them. However, due to biotic and abiotic threats, plant life is under threat,
and plant production requires transformation to meet the growing demand for food,
feed, fiber and fuel.
Botany is the science that studies plants, their types, structure, reproduction,
distribution and significance. This science creates the scientific basis for the
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protection of the plant world and provides important recommendations for nature
conservation. The decline of plants can have a negative impact not only on
biodiversity, but also on humanity.
Scientists who have studied the flora and its objects have given it different
definitions. In particular, according to A.N. Nigmatov, it is known from the system
of environmental legislation of our republic that at all stages of the process of legal
regulation of the use and protection of the flora, attention is paid to a number of
specific features of the flora: firstly, plants are found in the soil, above the ground,
underground and in water; secondly, there are cultivated and wild species of them;
thirdly, wild plants are divided into two categories: forest and non-forest. A.B.
Iskoyan, on the other hand, “the flora is understood as the set of wild plants growing
naturally freely on land and in water on the territory of the state, as well as within the
continental shelf belonging to it. According to Article 3 of the Law of the Republic
of Uzbekistan "On the Protection and Use of Flora", flora is a set of all types of wild
plants growing in the natural environment or cultivated in artificially created
conditions on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
According to Article 5 of the Law, objects of the plant world include: wild
plants; products of the vital activity of wild plants; botanical collections. The fact that
70 percent of the Earth's surface is covered with plants also indicates that these natural
objects occupy a special place in the ecological system. There are 21 thousand of them
in the CIS countries, 7 thousand in Central Asia, and 4148 in our country. Uzbekistan
occupies a special place in terms of the diversity of the plant world and its importance
in the national economy. For example, there are about 4500 plant species belonging
to 146 families in our country. Including plants, fungi and aquatic plants,
approximately 11 thousand species can be listed, of which 4800 are flowering and
vascular plants. The biodiversity of endemics is not so great - about 400 species, of
which 10-12% are under threat of extinction. As can be seen from the above figures,
the share of plants on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan is much lower than
in other countries. As Prof. Zh. T. Kholmuminov noted, “Much work still needs to be
done on measures aimed at preserving rare species of wild and medicinal plants that
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are disappearing in Uzbekistan.” Based on this, the President is adopting relevant
regulatory and legal documents to implement a number of works to improve the
ecological environment of our country. Indeed, the Decree No. PF-158 “On the
Strategy “Uzbekistan — 2030” adopted on September 11, 2023 clearly defines the
work to be carried out in this area. The "Uzbekistan - 2030" strategy provides for the
expansion of the "Green Space" nationwide project aimed at stabilizing the ecological
situation, in particular, planting 200 million trees annually and bringing the level of
greenery in the republic to 30 percent, creating a system for caring for each planted
tree and watering it. In Tashkent alone, the goal is to increase the area of green spaces
by 5 times, bringing it to 5 thousand hectares. Also, the State Program for 2024
stipulates the planting of at least 200 million trees of ornamental and fruit trees and
shrubs, seedlings, cuttings, and the creation of 444 green parks in the republic within
the framework of the project. Citizens and legal entities are users of flora objects.
Users of flora objects must strictly adhere to the terms and conditions established by
law when using flora objects.
Currently, many plant species are on the verge of extinction as a result of
human activities. This situation is caused by the following factors:
Deforestation – the cutting down of trees for industrial and agricultural
purposes – leads to ecosystem destruction.
Land degradation – soil erosion, salinization, and chemical pollution – harms
plant growth.
Climate change – global warming and extreme weather conditions – are
affecting plant habitats.
Destruction of rare species – some medicinal plants and rare plant species are
in decline due to overharvesting.
Plant Protection Measures
The following measures should be taken to preserve the flora:
By establishing protected areas - reserves and national parks - it is possible to
preserve rare and endangered plant species.
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Environmental education and advocacy – teaching about nature conservation
in schools and universities is important.
Support recovery processes - it is necessary to expand planting programs to
restore ecosystems and increase forests.
Legal protection measures – it is necessary to strengthen the legislative
framework to protect endangered plants and take measures against illegal logging.
In conclusion, botany helps to maintain ecological balance by studying the
scientific foundations of plant protection. If humanity wants to develop its future
sustainably, it is necessary to protect plants, breed them, and treat nature with care.
Therefore, each of us must contribute to the preservation of nature and plant
protection.
LIST OF REFERENCES:
1. Tolipova JO, Gofurov AT Teaching methodology of general biology. (11th grade)
Tashkent.: Sharq.- 2004, - 128 pages.
2. Tolipova JO and others. Botany teaching methodology. 5th grade. T., "Uzbekistan",
2003 - 96 pages.
3. Norquziyeva M.Sh. "Methodological support for improving teaching of vertebrate
zoology" International Scientific-online conference. 2022 4. Tolipova JO, Gaforov
AT-Technologies of biology education. Methodical manual "Teacher" T.: 2002 - 128
pages
