MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-20
Часть–3_ Февраль –2025
119
SUBSTRATE SUPPLY FOR ENERGY PROCESSES IN CHILDREN
Fayzullayeva Khilola Bakhronovna
assistant of the Department of Biological Chemistry
Saparbayeva Mukhlisakhan
Student of the Medical Faculty, Group 220
Samarkand State Medical University
Annotation: The use of substrates as energy sources changes during the first
months of a child's life. Since anaerobic glycolysis predominates in newborns, which
provides relatively little energy, and energy expenditure per unit of div mass is very
high, the newborn utilizes energy reserves accumulated in utero during the first days
after birth to sustain vital processes. The presence of these reserves determines the
effectiveness of the child's adaptation to extrauterine life.
Keywords: newborns, energy, glucose, substrate, glycolysis, fatty acids.
Objective of the Study:
Analysis of changes in substrate supply for energy
processes in children.
Discussion and Research Results
In the first hours of life, the newborn uses glycogen as an endogenous energy
source. However, at birth, the child has insufficient glycogen reserves. At the moment
of birth, the blood sugar level of the newborn corresponds to that of the mother. Stress
hormones released during labor rapidly deplete glycogen stores in the liver. Within
2–3 hours after birth, blood glucose levels in newborns decrease to hypoglycemic
levels. Under these conditions, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) become the primary
energy source. The cooling of the newborn’s div, which occurs after birth due to
transitioning from the maternal environment to a new habitat, triggers the release of
hormones (thyroxine, norepinephrine in brown adipose tissue, and glucagon during
hypoglycemia), which activate the breakdown of triglycerides to produce fatty acids.
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-20
Часть–3_ Февраль –2025
120
The concentration of NEFA in the blood increases and is subsequently used for energy
production.
Since proteins are virtually not used as an energy source during the first days
after birth, and carbohydrate reserves are extremely low, NEFA become the primary
endogenous energy source for newborns. Lipolysis reaches its peak on the 3rd–4th
day after birth, coinciding with the period of maximum weight loss in newborns. All
tissues, except the brain and erythrocytes, consume NEFA. Simultaneously, tissues
increase their use of ketone bodies, which also serve as an energy resource. From the
second week of life, blood glucose levels in newborns gradually rise, while NEFA
levels decrease; however, NEFA levels remain higher than in older children until
about three months of age.
Under these conditions, when hypoglycemia prevents tissues from effectively
using blood glucose and intense lipolysis depletes energy reserves in the newborn's
div, the infant remains at the threshold of energy balance during the first week of
life.
Conclusions
From a biochemical standpoint, covering energy expenditures during this age
period should be achieved through proper organization of infant nutrition. Early
initiation of the first feeding is crucial to prevent an increase in catabolic processes in
the div. The regularity of feedings is also essential, as missing even one meal
inevitably mobilizes fat reserves to compensate for the acute energy deficit. Starvation
in early infancy is considered unacceptable as it leads to profound metabolic changes
in the div, which are more severe in younger infants.
REFERENCES
1.
Bakhronovna K. F. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CLINICAL AND
LABORATORY CRITERIA IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF POSTHYPOXIC
COMPLICATIONS IN NEWBORNS BORN WITH HYPOXIA //World of
Scientific news in Science. – 2024. – Т. 2. – №. 3. – С. 258-263.
2.
Fomon, S. J. (2001). Nutrition of Normal Infants. Mosby.
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-20
Часть–3_ Февраль –2025
121
3.
Fayzullaeva H. et al. Metabolic status as an indicator of post-hypoxic
complications in newborns born in asphxia //European Journal of Molecular and
Clinical Medicine. – 2020. – Т. 7. – №. 2. – С. 2370-2374.
4.
Ugli S. D. O., Erkinovna N. M. FOOD ADDITIVES E-171, E-173 AND
MECHANISM OF THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE ORGANISM FROM THE
BIOCHEMICAL POINT OF VIEW //Research Focus. – 2024. – Т. 3. – №. 1. – С.
229-232.
5.
Sattarova K. G. et al. Analysis of Biochemical Indicators in Patients Infected
with Echinococcosis //E3S Web of Conferences. – EDP Sciences, 2024. – Т. 491. –
С. 03010.
6.
Hay, W. W., & Thureen, P. J. (2010). Energy Requirements, Protein-Energy
Metabolism, and Glucose Homeostasis. In: Polin, R. A., Abman, S. H. (Eds.), Fetal
and Neonatal Physiology. Elsevier.
7.
Koletzko, B., Poindexter, B., & Uauy, R. (2014). Nutritional Care of Preterm
Infants. Karger.
8.
Martin, R. J., Fanaroff, A. A., & Walsh, M. C. (2015). Neonatal-Perinatal
Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant. Elsevier.
9.
Sunehag, A. L., Haymond, M. W. (2002). Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism
in Newborns. Clinics in Perinatology, 29(2), 311-323.
