Philosophy

Subject of research^ N.A.Berdyaev’s social- philosophical heritage.
Purpose of work: philosophical, scientific-theoretical analysis of the spiritual values problem in the creative work of N.A.Berdyaev.
Methods of research: objectivity, historicity, logicality, admissibility, systematic and generality, comparative analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: in the research the place of values in the philosophical heritage of the Great Russian scientist is shown and the comparative analysis its place in human being on example of Western and Eastern countries is done. On the basis of the Republic Uzbekistan materials change of the relation to the philosophical heritage of the scientist in the years of independence is studied. Social, educational, spiritual aspects and the value place in N.A.Bcrdyaev's philosophical heritage arc enlightened from the point of view of the national ideology.
Practical value: consists in that recommendations containing in research, ideas and conclusions can be used in the process of education of youth, formation of national and universal values. Results of the dissertation can be used experts in teaching of philosophy, political science, religious studies and cultural science.
Degree of embed and economical effectivity: the results of the research arc reflected in the articles published in scientific journals and scientific conferences. Also they arc used in the candidate pedagogical activity, especially in teaching the course of “Philosophy”, “Bases of spirituality”, “Religion science” and “Culturology” in the Karshi State University.
Field of application: education and formation, studying philosophical heritage, researching and popularization of the spiritual values.

Hazrat Alisher Navoi's works are the pinnacle of the nation's artistic and aesthetic thinking. It is difficult to find a thinker who has reached such a high level of creative perfection in the literature of Uzbek or other Turkic peoples, or even in world literature. That is why there is no poet or writer among his successors who did not learn from Hazrat Navoi's art studio. But there are not many artists who perfected and developed the poetic traditions of the great poet, even if it was through specific poetic images or symbols. The lyrics of Furqat son of Zakirjon Khalmuhammad are of special importance as they are included in the list of such unique creations.

Subjects of the inquiry: the analysis of social - spiritual aspects of death and immortality.
Aim of the inquiry: the philosophical analysis of scientific and religious ideas about essence of death and immortality and about features of display.
Methods of inquiry: objectivity, system, comparative analysis, analysis and synthesis, generalizations, historical, logic.
The results achieved and their novelty: In the dissertation: a) connection of concepts " thanatology ", "death", and "immortality", interrelation of their common and individual aspects; b) are given classification of evolution of sights on death and immortality; c) the reflection of death and immortality in the religious doctrines is investigated; d) the man’ attitude to death and immortality in his spiritual activity is opened; e) the importance of death and immortality in spiritual - serial growth of the person is proved.
Practical value: The approach of sudden death is registered by a sharp stop of ability to live of organism. It means, that after definition of death it is impossible to restore a vital sign and any accepted measures can not return the man to life.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The basic contents of the dissertation were used during realization seminar employment in a subject " Philosophical problems of a science " of Philosophical faculty in National Universite of Uzbekistan in institute of physical culture in subjects "Philosophy", and "Ethics". Conclusions and the conclusions have found the reflection in statements of the author at scientific republican and international conferences.
Sphere of usage: Scientifically and the practical results of research can life are used in study of philosophical problems of such subjects as typology, pathogens, nephrology, and also in social philosophy.

The article considers literature as a whole as one of the ways to know the world, humanity, and oneself.

This article discusses the issues of childlessness of fathers in the traditional life of the Karakalpaks from an early period, which are reflected in folk epics. The epic direction and various motivations are revealed.

Интерпретация «мани» и описание «ахли Маони» в творчестве Алишера Навои

The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of criticism of biblical texts, which is one of the directions of modern biblical studies (or isagogy). In particular, his textological, historical, literary, source, traditional and editorial criticism approaches are mentioned. With such an approach and theoretical foundations, it helps to identify the times of creation and spread of religious sources.

The scientific concept of the article is that the national literary-aesthetic thinking is of primary criterion in evaluating a writer’s work and the essence of literature is determined by the artistic interpretation of the national spirit. The best examples of folk literature in the world, regardless of the language in which it is written, is on the agenda as a question number one to be analyzed scientifically in terms of the expression of the national spirit. Abdulla Kadiri’s novel “Days Gone By” has been analyzed in twentiethcentury Uzbek literature as a work that can meet this criterion.

According to the author, the national spirit is reflected in the novel “Days Gone By” on the basis of the following three principles: 1) the interpretation of specific customs, traditions, values, dreams and aspirations of the nation, embodying the spirit of the nation; 2) an expression of the nation’s potential to look at itself in a critical spirit; 3) poetic depiction of fixed beliefs inherent in national personalities in the play. In turn, the first of these principles embodies the morals of the nation, the second - the will, and the third - the beliefs, and this trinity forms the national spirit as a whole.

At the end of the article, the research results are theoretically summarized.

This article lists the most urgent aspects that should be emphasized in the education of young people in our society today, when radicalism and extremism are taking root, in particular, ideological immunity, enlightenment against ignorance, understanding of the essence of education, work, culture among younger generation, development of legal awareness and culture in young people have been studied.

This article examines the differing attitudes toward marriage contracts in Turkic and Arab nations. While both share Islamic traditions, Arab societies have modernized the “nikah ” to emphasize mutual consent and gender equity, blending traditional and legal principles and this institute remained solidly. The study highlights how these regions' marriage practices reflect broader cultural and legal dynamics, with recommendations for reintegrating modern marriage contracts to balance personal freedom with cultural traditions in Turkic societies.

Subjects of research: philosophical and scientific creative works of al-Farabi in context of the modern spiritual culture.
Purpose of work: to reveal and to motivate the aesthetic ideas of al-Farabi’s the main component in modern spiritual life and as the most important means of aestheticism and humanism society.
Methods of research: The historical, logical and comparative analyses arc used in the work, directed to reveal the adequacy of aesthetic ideas of al-Farabi.
The results obtained and their novelty: the special analysis of the work’s ideas al-Farabi was realized from the position of the aesthetics theory; the difference of aesthetic ideas al-Farabi from Platon and Aristotcl is analyses on concrete sources; the general humanistic values of aesthetic ideas of al-Farabi arc determined; the al-Farabi views on aesthetic essence of the music arc examined in detail; the value of the aesthetics of al-Farabi for spiritual improvement of the personalities is proved.
Practical value: the results, obtained in study, promote to objective understanding and estimation of aesthetic ideas not only al-Farabi, but also medieval thinkcrs-pcripatetic in a whole. The deductions of dissertation can be used in making generalizing works on history of the aesthetics in Central Asia and Kazakhstan, as well as in process of the undertaking spiritual and aesthetic education of modern youth.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of the research arc important for conducting pedagogical and educational work, for reading lecture on the subjects: "Aesthetics", "Cultural study", "History of philosophy", "The Foundations Spirituality", "National Idea".
Field of application: the materials of dissertation can be used in the field of humanitarian sciences in preparing textbooks, scholastic and methodical curriculum on aesthetics, philosophy, music, ethics and spirituality.

Ushbu maqolada bugungi davrda jahonda dunyoni bilishning dastlabki usulini, inson tafakkuri imkoniyatlarini ochib berish shaklini aniqlash, falsafiy dunyoqarash jamiyatdagi ziddiyatlarni bartaraf qilishda ong, tafakkur va tasavvur hamda aqliy bilishning ahamiyati to‘g’risida fikr yuritilgan. 

The aim of the research consists of studying and analyzing ontological and gnosiological peculiarities of philosophical ideas in “Avesta”on the basis of synergetic phenomena.
Scientific novelty of the research consists of the followings:
It reveals the significance of such categories of synergetic methodology as systemacy, complexity, non-linearity, selforganization in researching Avesta in the light of ontology and epistimology;
The system of sources, in particular, the advantages of approaching to the problem from the point of view of the harmony between order and chaos, irreversibility of the development, and whether the system under research is open or closed, is justified with examples;
Scientific conclusions, suggestions, and recommendations on conceptual influence of philosophical ideas in Avesta to the development of modem philosophical views, its role in spiritual selforganization of humans, bringing up the children in the spirit of patriotism and humanity;
In “Avesta” gnosiological peculiarities of individual's spiritual understanding in the sequence of feeling, knowing, realizing and activity arc revealed.

This article emphasizes that engaging in intellectual activity in the conditions of digital transformation causes psychological stress in the human body, increasing the risk of developing stress and depression, such as hypodynamia and mental stress. It is especially noted that sports competitions play a significant role in preventing such conditions, as well as in developing aesthetic thinking. The aesthetic and moral development of spectators participating in sports competitions, enjoyment, enjoyment of life and improvement of quality of life are indicated as important factors. In addition, sports events play a significant role in strengthening social ties and promoting a healthy lifestyle.

This article examines some aspects of the development of the Organization of Turkic States. In particular, the article analyzes that this structure is becoming an important platform for multilateral, mutually beneficial cooperation, that Uzbekistan is one of the central pillars of this huge geopolitical space, linked by fundamental values and a common language. It also shows promising areas for the implementation of the conceptual program “Turkic World Vision - 2040”.

Without a deep study of the history of the text of classical works of art, it is impossible to talk about the progress of the science of textology. Because the concept of text history is one of the basic theoretical foundations of textual studies. "The history of the text includes all the processes from the investigation of the genealogy of the manuscript sources to the study of the worldview and ideas of the author and the scribe who copied the source, from the realization of the author's creative intention in the creation of the work to the study of its interrelated aspects with other literary monuments that are related to its creation to one degree or another" [6 ,9], it becomes more clear how important it is to study this scientific problem.

Subjects of research: problems of legal culture improvement of citizens serving as an efficiency basis of process for increasing politic-legal culture and activity of citizens in the conditions of society updating and democratization.
Purpose of work: to study problems of legal culture improvement of citizens in the conditions of society updating and democratization of the country from the scientific-methodological and social-practical point of view.
Methods of research : comparison,generalization, dialectic, system and functional approach, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, social interrogation.
The results obtained and their novelty: concepts of legal culture formation of citizens arc investigated, their philosophical and methodological value for science and social practice development is proved; problems of legal culture improvement in the conditions of judicial-legal system liberalization arc studied from the scientific-methodological point of view; the dialectic interrelation of concepts legal consciousness, legal culture, legal activity is analyzed and their influence on processes activization of society democratization is investigated; value of the further democratization activity of political parties, mass-media, self-government institutions on processes of legal culture improvement of citizens is proved and mechanisms of their influence arc revealed; problems of legal culture improvement of citizens in the conditions of updating and the further democratization of the country arc investigated, and also practical recommendations about their solutions arc developed.
Practical value: theoretical conclusions and practical recommendations represent the certain contribution into development and solution of some methodological problems of legal culture improvement of citizens, used in the activities of the National Center of human rights, social youth organization “Kamolot”, non-government organizations and communities.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the basic ideas of the dissertation arc started in the reports and at scientific-theoretical conferences, seminars, and also used in pedagogical activity. Summaries and results arc reflected in published scientific works total including 3 typing pages.
Field of application: materials of dissertations can be used in scientific researches, pedagogical activities, in process of organizations work which arc involved in matters of legal culture improvement of citizens.

Subjects of research: Social philosophical, scientific- theoretical analysis of activities, social religions organization and sect. Watch dialed with missioner, identify objective and subjective factors.
Purpose of work: Social philosophical analysis of origin and forming of missioners. Spread bay uses spades scientific recurs of objective and subjective factors, positive and negative influents of missioner and development society introduced Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: objectivity, analysis and synthesis, structural functional approach, logical, scientific cognition, social inquiry, historical genesis, studying of statistical source.
The results obtained and their novelty: investigated saluki point known missionaries and giving problem identification scientific, proved, that origin of the history of missionary. From there beginning of the past, is not agitation of religions bat, to great political turn. It the these team to destroy international, diplomatically, relines shin in to bring to serious political, national problem. For sieving joist from dangerous inclines, of missioners and uses ideology were divalent nicest.
Practical value: the results of investigation can be used in structure education, by political parties, guidance and organizations of non state organizations, socio-philosophical and spiritual educational institutions.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of the research is tested at scientific conferences, in revealing the theme Identity and Society in undergraduate philosophy department of historical and philosophical faculty of the Samarqand State Universities named after A. Navoi, and also in the progress of teaching philosophy undergraduate students at lectures and seminars devoted to considering the categories of spirituality and culture.
Field of application: the results of investigation can be used by the teachers of colleges, lyceums and at higher educational institutions, on cultural subject as educational methodical handbook.

This scientific article analyzes the scientific-theoretical significance of science reforms in Uzbekistan and the socio-political characteristics of gender equality relations. Opinions were held on the important aspects of the wide-scale work being carried out, as well as on what to pay attention to in order to achieve gender equality. The opportunities given to women in the social, economic, and political spheres were also highlighted. In this regard, along with today's Uzbekistan, the initiatives of international organizations such as the UN and UNESCO are noteworthy. The article examines such important issues from a scientific and theoretical point of view.

Islam is the last religion that will exist until the Day of Judgement. Therefore, jurists, scholars, muftis and judges must carefully study the rules of the religion of their time and convey them correctly to the Ummah. It is known that the rulings of the Sharia are not limited to one sect, but each sect is part of the Sharia. The rulings of the Sharia are distributed among the sects. A person who says that the Sharia is limited to one of the four sects is clearly mistaken. It is impossible to tarnish the honor of any sect. Therefore, a mufti of one sect is allowed to issue a fatwa, provided that he does not follow his nafs - air and observes the conditions of another sect.

Objects of research: Problem of Indian Philosophical - conceptual approaches Abu - Rcyhan Bcruni to the philosophical Indian problems and to study the scientist’s contribution to Eastern philosophy.
Purpose of the work: to base philosophical-conceptual approaches to Abu-Reyhan Beruni’s outlook.
Methods of research: scientific observations, historical - logical, comparative, synthesis and analysis, generalization.
The results achived and their novelty: Disclosed a role of Beruni’s philosophical and systemic to historical, social and conceptual sources in forming of Indian philosophy. There were made and given practical recommendations in comparative analysis of ontological and gnoseological problems of Indian philosophy, as well as there were discussed social and ethic, religious and moral norms and ideas in development of Indian society.
Practical value: Scientific - theoretical considerations and practical recommendations expressed in this dissertation may be used in preparation and of educational books, methodical appliances, study programs and texts of lectures, as well as in the work in cultural centres.
Degree of embed and economic effictivity: the basic ideas of the dissertation have found the reflection in publications, performances at scientific-theoretical and practical conferences, have been used at carrying out in lectures and tutorial delivery with the students of the National University of Uzbekistan.
Field of application: results of the dissertation can be used in scientific researches in the system of the humanities, in pedagogical activity, at development of politics of formation national spirituality and education of youth.

This article analyzes pluralistic approaches to tolerance in the context of gender relations. Gender tolerance is an important aspect of modern society, which is based on the principles of respect and acceptance of gender equality. From a philosophical point of view, the main essence of gender tolerance is the recognition of the equality of all people, regardless of sex and gender identity. Pluralism, as a philosophical concept, implies the acceptance and respect for the diversity of views, cultures, and personal identities. The article analyzes the role of gender tolerance and pluralistic approaches in society, their interconnectedness, and the practical significance of these principles.

In this article we will look at the philosophy of the problem of life and death in the novel "Laurel" by the Russian writer, specialist in ancient Russian literature E. Vodolazkin.
Our task is to determine the essence of the writer's thoughts when turning to the material of the Russian Middle Ages about death and life in the aspect of the relationship between time and eternity, physicality and spirituality, general and personal.

Subjects of the inquiry: consists from the philosophical-methodological essence of synergetic paradigm.
Aim of the inquiry: determination of philosophical-methodological analysis of questions in researching synergetic paradigm.
Methods of inquiry: observation, analyses and synthesis, generalization, historicity and logisity, systematic approach, synergetics.
The results achieved and their novelty: laws of development and formation of syncrgetrics, its natural-scientific, and also philosophical essence has been analyzed on the bases of theoretical-methodological analysis. At the analysis of the various concepts entering into a circle of syncrgetrics, its principles and also conceptual approaches with use of a comparative method sights on these questions have been studied. The comparative analysis of approaches of a philosophical-methodological principle of self-organizing, a role synergetic paradigm at the decision of modem is natural-scientific and philosophical questions has been made, furthermore scicntifically-thcoretical conclusions and offers concerning perspective directions of synergetic researches and their use have been worked out.
Practical value: general ideas, conclusions, practical offers and the recommendations which have found the repulsing in the dissertation can be used by working out and studying of corresponding subjects and courses in secondary-specialized and higher educational establishments; results of research can be applied to a place estimation of synergetic paradigm in consideration of mechanisms of a substantiation of ideas of postnonclassical science.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: general ideas of the dissertation have been stated in reports and the performances made at scientific-theoretical conferences, seminars. Also the ideas of research may be used in carrying out of a practical training with students of philosophical faculty of National University of Uzbekistan and in working out of manuals.
Sphere of usage: the results of thesis may be used in scientific researches, in teaching activity, at carrying out of lectures, conversations on philosophical problems of synergetic.

This article analyzes Turkey and Uzbekistan from a philosophical and historical point of view. It also reveals the essence of the models considered as the processes of cultural relations and the concept of social development. In addition, based on the conceptual basis of the same theory, the transformation of the modernization models used in the historical development of Turkey is considered. This commentary explores the philosophical underpinnings of the cultural ties and shared heritage between Turkey and Uzbekistan, focusing on the broader theme of Turkish cultural identity and its evolution.