Social sciences

This article explains the attention of the government to young generations to grow up them both mentally and physically healthy with
examples.

Miranda huquqlari AQShda hibsga olingan shaxslarning konstitutsiyaviy huquqlarini himoya qilish uchun joriy etilgan qoidalar to‘plamidir. Ushbu huquqlar, jumladan, shaxsning o‘ziga qarshi guvohlik bermaslik huquqi va advokat yollash imkoniyati, politsiya tomonidan gumondor so‘roq qilinishi oldidan ogohlantirilishi kerak. Miranda huquqlari jinoyat protsessida adolatni ta'minlash va huquq-tartibot organlarining haddan tashqari bosimiga qarshi himoya qilishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ushbu huquqlarni buzish natijasida olingan dalillar sudda rad etilishi mumkin.

Bugun jamiyatimizda qanday yutuq va marralarga erishgan bo‘lsak, ularning zamirida biz tanlagan va butun dunyo e’tirof etgan, “O‘zbek modeli” deb nom olgan taraqqiyot yo‘li turibdi. Ana shu yo‘lning ajralmas qismi bo‘lgan, yoshlarimizning ongu tafakkurini, hayotga bo‘lgan munosabatini tubdan o‘zgartirgan ta’lim-tarbiya sohasi rivoji, har tomonlama etuk avlodni tarbiyalash, yuqori malakali kadrlar tayyorlashda muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda.

Biology, as a natural science studying living organisms and their vital processes, contributes to the development of students' logical thinking, observation, analysis, and experimental skills. Therefore, effective teaching of biology requires the use of not only theoretical but also practical methods. Practical methods enable students to comprehend the essence of the subject in practice, consolidate their knowledge, and prepare for scientific research.

This article examines the consept of “chronotope” in literature, the chronotope “memory”, artistic service and the features of the use of the chronotope “memory” in the story “Afterlife sleep” by M.Nızanov.

Til – jamiyatda sodir bo‘lgan voqelik va o‘zgarishlarni o‘zida namoyon qiladigan, tadrijiy rivojlanib boradigan hodisadir. Til va jamiyat uzviy tarzda bir-biri bilan bog‘liq ekan, lug‘at tarkibi asrlar davomida o‘zgaradi. Jamiyatdagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy muhit, davr, jamiyatdagi o‘zgarish, shu jarayonni ifodalovchi ijtimoiy-siyosiy leksemalarda o‘z aksini topadi. Ma’lumki, har bir asar tili o‘ziga xos leksik ko‘lamiga ega. Bunga shu asar yaratilgan va asar voqealari ifodalangan davr, intralingvistik va ekstralingvistik omillar ta’sir qiladi. “Mehrobdan chayon” asari leksikasi XIX asr oxiri xonliklar davri XX asr jadidlar davriga oid ijtimoiy-siyosiy, iqtisodiy-madaniy, ma’rifiy-maishiy tushunchalarni aks ettiruvchi lug‘aviy birliklarni qamrab oladi. Mazkur maqolada Abdulla Qodiriyning “Mehrobdan chayon” asari leksikasi statistik tahlil qilingan hamda leksik birliklar tarixiy-etimologik jihatdan tadqiqi qilingan.

This article analyzes the main features of the legal regulation of public relations that arise during the gameplay process between users of computer games, as well as other persons. The author examines the essence of the «Magic Circle» concept, explores what legal consequences for players arise as a result of in-game actions and studies a sovereign-interactive approach to the legal sovereignty of game worlds and fictional realities. Conclusions are drawn about the lack of certainty of the permissible legal influence on gaming events from the point of view of modern Russian legislation.

Mazkur maqolada Boborahim Mashrabning “Mabdai nur” asari va unda ta’kidlangan ta’limiy-axloqiy masalalar xususida gap boradi. “Mabdai nur” tasavvuf ruhida yozilgan asar bo‘lib, unda insonlarning ijobiy va salbiy odatlari ta’rifi bayon etiladi. Uning inson hayotidagi o‘rni diniy qarashlar bilan dalillanganligi ifoda etiladi. Ushbu ishda asardan she’riy parchalar, Mashrab qalamiga mansub g‘azallardan tahlilga jalb etilgan.

Ushbu maqolada hazrat Alisher Navoiyning “Lison ut-tayr” dostonidagi yetti vodiy tavsifi haqida so‘z boradi. Ushbu doston o‘zbek mumtoz adabiyotining durdonalaridan biri bo‘lib, unda tasavvufiy-falsafiy g‘oyalar ramziy shaklda ifoda etilgan.

Mazkur maqola “Kelinoy” dostoni va uning turli variantlarini tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan. Unda dostonning kollektiv ijod mahsuli ekani, tarixiy asoslari, folkloristik xususiyatlari va tematik jihatlari muhokama qilingan. Xususan, O. Sobirov, Xodi Zarifov va J. Qobilniyozov kabi olimlarning fikrlari asosida dostonning yaratilishi va tarqalishi jarayonlari, uning bosh qahramonlari obrazi, epik an'analarning rivoji va transformatsiyasi haqida batafsil tahlil keltirilgan. Shuningdek, dostonning xalq qo‘shiqlari va boshqa epik janrlardan kelib chiqishi, davr talablariga mos ravishda o‘zgarishi va interpretatsiya qilinganligi xususida ham fikr yuritiladi. Maqola dostonning turli geografik hududlarda tarqalgan variantlari va ularning mazmun-mohiyati bo‘yicha tadqiqot olib borish zarurligini ta’kidlaydi.

Ushbu maqolada 1930-1935 yillar davomida Buxoroda Stalinning buyuk terrori davrida qatag'onga uchragan shaxslar ko'rib chiqiladi. Unda Sovet hokimiyati tomonidan nishonga olingan kishilar toifalari, jumladan, Buxoro amirligining sobiq amaldorlari, diniy ulamolar, ziyolilar va kollektivlashtirishga qarshilik ko‘rsatgan dehqonlar o‘rganiladi. Arxiv materiallari, shaxsiy guvohlik va tarixiy tadqiqotlardan foydalangan holda, tadqiqotda qamoqqa olish, qatl qilish, majburiy mehnat lagerlari va surgun kabi qatag‘on usullari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada bu tozalashlarning ijtimoiy va madaniy oqibatlari yoritilgan, Buxoroning tarixiy va intellektual merosiga uzoq muddatli ta’sir ko‘rsatilgan.

O‘zbekiston mustaqillikka erishgach, ijtimoiy-siyosiy va iqtisodiy sohalarda tub o‘zgarishlar jarayoni boshlandi. Bu o‘zgarishlarning asosiy omili — jamiyat ehtiyojlariga mos, zamonaviy fikrlaydigan, yetuk mutaxassislarni tayyorlash tizimini yaratish zarurati edi. Sobiq tuzum davrida ta’lim mazmuni asosan siyosiy g‘oyalar bilan bog‘langan bo‘lib, amaliy bilim, mustaqil fikrlash va tashabbuskorlik yetarli darajada shakllantirilmas edi.

This article provides a scientific-theoretical analysis of the judicial-legal reforms being implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan and their significance in modernizing the legal aid system. In particular, it examines issues such as ensuring the independence of the judiciary, expanding citizens’ constitutional rights to fair judicial protection, developing the institution of the bar, and improving the state-provided legal aid system. The article studies practical and institutional problems of the legal aid system, proposes solutions for addressing them, and offers scientific conclusions and recommendations aimed at improving legal mechanisms. It also highlights the current stage of integration between judicial-legal reforms and the legal aid system, revealing key aspects of ongoing integration processes and legal development.

Ushbu maqola Jorj Gerbert Midning ramziy interaksionizm nazariyasi insonlar o‘tasidagi ijtimoiy muloqotni va bu muloqot orqali shaxs shakllanishini tushuntiruvchi yondashuv hisoblanadi. Jorj Gerbert Midning ushbu nazaryasiga ko‘ra, odamlar o‘zaro aloqada ramzlar ( til, imo-ishora, belgilar ) orqali muloqat qilishadi va bu ramzlar orqali ma‘no berib, ijtimoiy hayotda o‘z o‘rnini aniqlashadi. J.G.Midning ‘’Men’’ va ‘’Menlik’’ tushunchalari orqali shaxsiy ongning rivojlanish jarayonini tushuntiradi. J.G.Midning bu nazaryasi sotsiologiya va psixologiyada insonlarning xulq-atvorini tahlil qilishda keng qo‘llaniladi.

Truman Kapotening “Jaholat” romani o‘z davrining shov shuvli asarlaridan sanalib, undagi voqealar ayni ijtimoiy hayotning inikosi sanaladi. Asardagi voqealar va qahramonlar shunchalik kitobxon o‘rtasida bahsmunozaraga sabab bo‘lishi, muvaffaqiyatga erishishi ortida yozuvchining cheksiz mehnati, izlanishlari yotibdi, desak adashmaymiz. Qolaversa, ushbu asar uchun Truman Kapote ko‘p narsasini fido qilishiga to‘g‘rikeldi, sog‘ligi, ijtimoiy holati, mashhurlik. Roman 1965-yilda kitob holida “Jaholat” sarlavhasi ostida chop etilgunga qadar, yozuvchi tinimsiz faktlar, qaydnomalar, real qahramonlar bilan suhbat jarayonlari o‘tkazdi.

Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti(BMT)ning “Barqaror rivojlanish maqsadlari” (BRM) – O‘zbekiston va butun dunyo aholisi duch kelayotgan asosiy muammolarni hal etishga qaratilgan 17 ta o‘zaro bog‘liq va ulkan maqsaddan iborat bo‘lib, uning 4-maqsadi “Sifatli ta’lim”ga bag‘ishlangan hamda har bir insonni qamrab oluvchi odil va yuqori sifatli ta’lim tizimini ta’minlash va ta’lim olishiga rag‘batlantirishni nazarda tutadi. Bugungi kunda oliy ta’lim tizimida olib borilayotgan islohotlar ertangi kunimiz uchun mustahkam zamin yaratishi muqarrar.

In human speech activity, the grammatical meanings of verbs play an important role in expressing actions.
In the field of aspectology — one of the main branches of linguistics — the “aspect of the verb,” i.e., the verbal category of vid (view), provides information about how an action is carried out and distinguishes between telic (completed) and atelic (uncompleted) types. This article analyzes sentences in the English Past Perfect tense, focusing on their telic or atelic properties. Moreover, comparative analysis is conducted with their Uzbek translations. The research material is taken from J.K. Rowling’s novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, where sentences in the Past Perfect tense are identified, classified into telic and atelic aspects, and the mechanisms of their expression in English and Uzbek are explored.
The findings show that sentences in the English Past Perfect Simple are almost always telic in aspect, while the occurrence of atelic past perfect constructions is very rare. These issues are explained through examples from both languages.

“Industriya 4.0” is a concept of digital transformation of production based on the widespread use of new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data (Big Data), cloud technologies and others. The goal of this concept is to improve production processes, increase productivity, reduce production costs, as well as improve product quality and improve customer service. Implementing digital transformation in the manufacturing sector can be challenging, but it can bring significant benefits such as increased efficiency, reduced errors, and reduced production times, which can ultimately lead to increased competitiveness and profits. Successful implementation of Industry 4.0 requires ensuring that the entire manufacturing process is digitized, from data collection to analysis and management.

Individual speech style is a conceptually important concept, moral, moralizing the entire process of rhetorical training of a future teacher. The individual style of speech is of particular importance for the teacher, since, firstly, the teacher’s speech is a sample of the students’ speech, and secondly, teaching the native language and literature requires thoughtfulness and awareness. The forms include familiarizing students with the linguistic culture of society, developing a caring attitude towards language, and consciously mastering language as a means of communication.

Ushbu maqola "Ikki kemada suzish" fenomeni sifatida ko'p xotinlikni o'rganadi. Maqola jamiyatda ko'p xotinlikning ommalashish sabablarini, jumladan ijtimoiy, madaniy va iqtisodiy omillarni tahlil qiladi. Shuningdek, ko'p xotinlikning ayollar huquqlari, oila ichidagi munosabatlar va farzandlar ta'limiga bo'lgan salbiy ta'siri haqida fikr yuritiladi. Muallif, O'zbekiston Respublikasi qonunchiligini hisobga olib, ko'p xotinlikka qarshi kurashish va bu masalani ijtimoiy jihatdan hal etish yo'llarini ko'rsatadi. Natijada, maqola ko'p xotinlik masalasining murakkabligini va uni hal etish uchun zarur bo'lgan choralarni yoritadi.

Ushbu maqolada to‘plamda keltirilgan hadislar,unda qo‘llanilgan vaznlar xususida tahlil boradi.A’zam O‘ktamning qo‘llagan novatarona uslubi bunda alohida ahamiyat kasb etadi. Shoirlar ijodidagi talqinlar, tahlilga tortiladi.

Ushbu maqolada Alisher Navoiyning “Hayrat-ul abror” dostonida tilga olingan tarixiy-diniy shaxslar nomlari va bu orqali talmeh she’riy san’atidan mohirona foydalanib, voqea va rivoyatlarga alohida urg’u berganligi haqida so’z boradi.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada “Hayotning hujayra darajasi va uning o‘ziga xos jihatlari” mavzusini o‘qitishda innovatsion usullaridan foydalanish haqida bayon qilingan.

Ushbu maqolada global mafkuraviy konfrontatsiya tushunchasi va uning mazmuni mohiyati masalalari ilmiy tahlilga tortilgan.