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COMPONENTS AND CATEGORIES OF DISCOURSE
(SUGGESTION, ASSUMPTION, CONCLUSION,
EXPLICATION, IMPLICATOR)
Kamila PARPIEVA
Student of International Journalism faculty
Linguistics has used the study of modern conversations to learn more about how
people communicate and all the parts involved. This article will observe the parts of
conversations, will point out how they are different, and will explain how they are
connected. It was discovered that combining the parts is not ideal because they go well
together but cannot be replaced by one another completely. The article also will explain
what different scientists thought about this problem and came up with conclusions
about what the topic is about.
Discourse is the sharing of thoughts through speaking or writing. A discourse is
group of words that form a complete thought and have a specific reason for being
written or spoken. It should be longer than a single sentence. Discourse means talking
or communication.
An instance of discourse is when you talk about something with your friends face-
to-face or through chat platform. The primary features of discourse structure are time,
space, and class.
Time is an obvious element in all kinds of discourses involving a sequence of
related events—as in novels, short stories, dramas, epic poetry, history, how-to-doit
manuals, and even genealogies.
Space is a fundamental feature of many discourses or parts of discourses, since the
description of any entity and even of some events it depends upon a special orientation.
Class is also a fundamental feature of almost all discourses. In the novels, it applies
to the people who have appendicular roles.
Discourse as a linguistic feature of a higher order is characterized by the
dominance of one or more parameters of their linguistically real spaces. The
intertextuality of the words is manifested in its relationship with previous and
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subsequent works. In advertising, wisdom inherent in catch proverbs and expressions
is imperceptibly transmitted in the advertising text. Linguistic activity is indefinite and
boundless in the continuum, the definiteness and limitation of which is manifested in
the spatial reasons that force linguistic personalities to create and interact there. The
dialect of language activity is the continuity of the expression of the unity of opposites-
systems, which distinguish meanings and generate in languages.
Discourse may be classified into narrative, expository and argumentative. The
static description draws a verbal picture using words that appeal to the senses, while
the process description tends to explain the various degrees or levels of advancement
involved in carrying out a task.
However, a narrative discourse is that which in its description, portrays causally
related incidents; here the occurred incidents are often arranged one after another in an
order of chronology.
An expository discourse consists in giving definitive explanation and clarification
by means of examples and illustrations, details, comparison and contrast , definition,
and other rhetorical devices of like nature.
The last one, the argumentative discourse is used with the sole purpose of
persuading the audience (hearers or readers) to either accept or reject opinions.
Discourse analysis is a way to study and understand how people use language or
other forms of communication, like talking or using signs. It looks closely at written
words or spoken words, and tries to find the meaning behind them or understand why
they were used.
Discourse analysis studies different things like speeches, writings, conversations,
and other forms of communication. These things are often defined as organized groups
of sentences, ideas, or spoken turns.
Discourse analysis uses the language presented in a corpus or div of data to draw
meaning. This div of data could include a set of interviews or focus group discussion
transcripts. The purpose of discourse analysis is to investigate the functions of language
(i.e., what language is used for) and how meaning is constructed in different contexts.
Communicative -functional approach implies language as verbal communication,
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whether it is about dialogue or conversation. In the context of the communicative
approach, the term language is seen as a kind of sign structure that makes language its
object, place, time, circumstances of manufacture. Stuctural-syntactic approach
understands language as a part of the text , the formation of a sentence above the level.
Language is understood as two or more sentences that are in significant connection with
each other; communication is considered one of the main characteristics of language.
Structural and stylistic approach implies language as a non-contextual organization of
spoken language, characterized by blured division, dominance of associative
connections, spontaneity, situationality, high context, stylistic specificity.
Semantic-sigmatic approach considers the elements of discourse by the semantic
meaning of language units and the relationship between the sign and the object of
reflection. Language signs are names, designations of objects of display.
Linguistics has employed the study of contemporary conversation to better
understand the communication system and its numerous components. This articles
analyzes the components of discourse, identifies their differences, and substantiates
their relationships. It found that mixing the components is not appropriate enough, as
they complement each other, but are not completely interchangable. The articl also
considered the views of various scientists on this issue and made conclusions about the
nature of the subject.
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