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DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL PLANTING DATES FOR CUCUMBER
HYBRIDS IN AN UNHEATED GREENHOUSE
Aminov Shermuhammad Kambaralievich
Researcher,
Khakimov Rafiqjon Abdunabievich
head of the laboratory, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon crops and Potato, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13377709
Abstract
.
This article provides information on the results obtained in the
study of acceptable cucumber hybrids planting periods in an unheated
greenhouse.
The optimal planting period for 30-day seedlings of cucumber
hybrids in a greenhouse with an unheated plinth was March 10. In this, it was
found in studies that the yield was 161,2 tons per hectare during the planting
period of March 10 and was 115,5% or 21,7 tons more than the control. Orzu
Sardor
Keywords:
cucumber, unheated greenhouse, sowing period, hybrid, soil,
yield.
Introduction.
Cucumbers are one of the leading vegetable crops grown on
open and protected land. Currently, cucumbers are grown in almost all countries
of the world on a total area of about 300 thousand hectares, and its industrial
production is carried out in 70 countries, among which China, Iran, Turkey and
Russia lead [1; 8].
The use of protected land ensures uniform delivery of vegetable products
throughout the year, including in the off-season [3; 8].
An important element of crop cultivation is the nature of plant placement,
its feeding area and parameters of optimal density. Which significantly influence
temperature, air, water and nutrient regimes [4; 5; 7]. The efficiency of mineral
nutrition is enhanced at optimal moisture availability of plants. Optimal plant
density reduces moisture consumption for transpiration, allows more rational
use of a unit of sown area to create the productive part of the yield [7; 9]. The
amount of feeding area required by cucumber plants depends on the varietal
characteristics. Increasing the feeding area by widening the row spacing causes
stem elongation, increases the number of leaves, and increasing the distance
between plants in the row promotes additional shoot formation [2; 6; 7].
Overcrowding limits not only the number of side shoots, but also the number of
female flowers. Plant density significantly affects the yield of cucumber seeds.
Both densification and sparseness have a negative effect on seed yield.
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Increasing the feeding area noticeably increases germination, germination
energy and 1000 seed weight [4; 5; 7].
Planting periods are important in Uzbek vegetable production. It is
associated with the fact that the plant is in demand for heat and soil moisture,
and the duration of the growing season is also of great importance. If the period
of planting in the southern regions for one crop is one, then in the northern
regions it begins much later. In the central climatic zones, there are deadlines for
its self-sowing.
Planting periods are also associated with soil temperatures of 2,5–3,0
depths. When the temperature is 14-15°C, it is necessary to calculate the
appearance of sprouts as the last cold days in early spring pass. When seeds of
crops that belong to the genus of pumpkins are planted in the soil when there is
enough temperature in the soil, they will rot or turn out to be very sparse
without leaving.
Research results.
To determine the optimal planting dates for seedlings
of cucumber hybrids in unheated film greenhouses, the Sardor F
1
and Orzu F
1
hybrids were studied in 4 planting Terms: March 1, March 10, March 20
(standard), and April 1.
The appearance of sprouts in the Sardor F1 hybrid (10 %) was 3-5 days
between options. The emergence of sprouts accelerated as the sowing periods of
these seeds were delayed, and their average was 4,0 days. In the Orzu F
1
hybrid,
too, the law obtained in the Sardor F
1
hybrid was repeated.
For the maintenance of 10% of the fruit of the Sardor F
1
hybrid, it took 56
days in the sowing period of March 1, while on March 10 it took 53 days, on
March 20 it took 51 days and on April 1 it took 48 days. In this case, the
difference between the previous and last sowing dates was 8 days. Their average
fell to 52 days.
For the maintenance of 10% fruits in the Orzu F
1
hybrid, 1 March
amounted to 55 days in the sowing period, on March 10 it was 54 days, on
March 20 it was 52 days, and on April 1 it was 50 days in the sowing period. The
differences between the sowing periods were equal to 2-5 Days. Their average
was 52,8 days.
Cucumber hybrids differ slightly from each other according to the
structure of the vegetative harvest organs of the plant, in particular by the length
of the stem: the stem is short-up to 80 cm; on average – 80-150 cm; long - 150-
225 cm and very long-even longer than 225 cm.
From the studies, it turned out that the tested hybrids Sardor F
1
and Orzu
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F
1
, regardless of the period of different planting of the stem of the plant in
height, in 40-day plants they belonged to a tall group, that is, between 172,3-
195,3 cm. In the Sardor F
1
hybrid, during the planting period of March 1, the
plant height was 172,3 cm, or it was 93,5% compared to the control. Control in
the planting period of March 20, the stem of the plant was 184,2 cm, and
concerning it, the stem length was 6,0% longer when the planting period was 10
days early, and the stem length was 3,4% shorter when it was 10 days late. The
average height of the Sardor F
1
hybrid plant was 182,5 cm in terms of all
planting periods.
In the Orzu F
1
hybrid, the law in the deadlines for planting plants such as
the Sardor F
1
hybrid has been returned. Control if the Orzu F
1
hybrid plant in the
planting period of March 20 was 176 cm tall, compared to it in the planting
period of March 1, which was 94,7%. The height of the stem of the plant was
5,3% higher than the control when the planting period was 10 days early. The
planting period on April 1 was 3,4% lower than the standard plant height. The
average indicator of all planting deadlines fell on the Orzu F
1
hybrid – 174,5 cm.
In a 40-day single plant, the control variant in the Sardor F
1
hybrid had a
maternal flower count of 21,5, and concerning it, at the planting period of March
1, it was 93,1%. In the 10 March planting period, maternal flowers were 112,6%
higher than the control option and 6.1% lower than the control in the 1 April
planting period. The average for all sowing dates of mother flowers was 23,1
pieces. The law on maternal flowers in terms of planting in the Orzu F
1
hybrid
was similar to that of the Sardor F
1
hybrid.
The correlation of correlation coefficient between the number of leaves
and the number of maternal flowers in terms of planting dates in one plant of 40
days in the hybrids Sardor F
1
and Orzu F
1
was positively strong and convincing
(r=+0,92±0,14).
In the control variant in the Sardor F
1
hybrid, the leaf level in one plant
was 35,7 dm2 and compared to it was 93.6% in the planting period of March 1
and 94,7% on April 1. During the planting period of March 10, the surface of the
leaf level was 108,0% more or 38,6 dm
2
. The average leaf level was 35,4 dm
2
.
In the control option in the Orzu F
1
hybrid, the leaf level was 27,6 dm
2
per
surface, and compared to it, the sowing period of March 1 and April 1 was 94,4-
96,8% less. Compared to the control, March 10 had an increase of 105,6% in the
sowing period. The average indicators of planting deadlines on the surface of the
leaf level in the Orzu F
1
hybrid were 28,8 dm
2
.
In the classification of cucumber fruit, the large size of the fruit is
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distributed as follows: small-up to 8 cm; medium-8-12 cm; large-12-18 cm and
very large-above 18 cm.
Since the length of the fruits of the Sardor F
1
and Orzu F
1
hybrids is
between 10,0-12,5 cm, regardless of the planting period, it belongs to the
average (8-12 cm) group. During the ripening period of fruits on the plant, the
width of the fruits in the Sardor F
1
hybrid amounted to 3,5-3,7 cm in all planting
periods.
In the Orzu F
1
hybrid, the width of the fruits was the same 3,6 cm in the
control option on March 20 and in the sowing period of March 10. 1 March and 1
April were 97,2% compared to control in the sowing period. The average of all
sowing dates was 98,6% compared to the control in this hybrid. The correlation
coefficient between fruit length and fruit width was positive mean (r =
+0.69±0.25).
During the period of fruit maintenance, the number of fruits on one bush
plant in the Sardor F
1
hybrid, the control option was 45,5 pieces in the sowing
period of March 20, and compared to it, 41,1 pieces in the planting period of
March 1, or 90,3% concerning the control and 93% in the sowing period of April
1. Compared to the control, 10 March planting amounted to more than 113,2%
or 51,5 units in the term. The average indicator of the duration of four plantings
was 45,1% or 99,1% compared to the control.
In the control option in the Orzu F
1
hybrid, the number of fruits on one
bush plant was 44,5, and in comparison with it was 40,1 or 91,0% in the sowing
period of March 1 and 41,4 or 93% on April 1. In the 10 March planting period,
the number of fruits was 50,2, or 112,8%, as opposed to control. The average of
all planting deadlines was 44,2 units or 99,2% compared to the control.
One fruit weight of the Sardor F
1
hybrid was 96,5 g in the control option,
and compared to it is equal to 96,5 g in the sowing period of April 1, and 96,5 g
or 98,2% in the sowing period of March 1. 10 March was 102% in the sowing
period. The average of all sowing dates was 97,9 g or 99,6% compared to the
control.
One fruit weight Orzu F
1
hybrid was 98,0 g in the control option and
compared to it is equal to 98,2 g in the sowing period of April 1 and 95,5 g or
97,4% in the sowing period of March 1. 10 March was 102% in the sowing
period. The average of all sowing dates was 97,9 g or 99,9% compared to the
control.
During the period of technical maturity of fruits, the correlation coefficient
between the number of fruits per bush plant and the weight of one fruit per bush
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was strong and convincing (r = +0.87±0.17).
The specificity of hybrids in 1 plant in the control variant of Sardor F1
when was 4,5 kg, in the sowing period of March 1, it was 4,0 kg, or 88,7%
compared to the control. 10 March was 5,2 kg in the sowing period, or 115,5%
more than the control, and 4,1 kg in the planting period of 1 April, or 98,9%
compared to the control. The average of all sowing dates was 4.4 kg or 98,9%
compared to the control.
In the Orzu F
1
hybrid, the total fruit weight in 1 plant in the control option
was 4,4 kg, and in comparison with it, at the sowing period of March 1, it was 3,9
kg or 88,7% less than the control. 115,1% more or 5,0 kg compared to the
control in the sowing period of March 10. The average of all sowing dates was
4,3 kg or 99,3% compared to the control.
The yield per hectare in the control variant in the Sardor F
1
hybrid was
139,0 tons, and in comparison with it, in terms of sowing on March 1 and April 1,
the yield was 15,3 and 12,4 tons less. During the 10 March planting period, the
yield was 161,2 tons per hectare and was 115,5% or 21,7 tons more than the
control. With an average of all planting periods of 138,0 t/ha, it falls on March
20.
In the Orzu F
1
hybrid, the yield in the period of control planting on March
20 was 136,5 tons per hectare, and compared to it, the sowing period of March 1
and April 1 was 88,7% and 93,2%. The yield was 156,6 t/ha for the 10 March
planting period, or 115,1% higher than for the standard period. The average
scarecrow of planting deadlines was 135,5 t/ha, or 99,3%, as opposed to the
control.
In a greenhouse with an unheated plinth, it was determined that the optimal
planting period for seedlings of cucumber hybrids 30 days is March 10.
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