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THE INTERPRITATIONS OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND THEIR TRANSLATION EQUALENTS
Shodmonova Khadicha Alisher qizi
English teacher at the First Academic Lyceum of the Tashkent State
University of Economics
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13751636
Abstract:
This article is aimed at discussing the issues of phraseology and
their interpretation in linguistics and considering alternative options, and as an
object of research, which is analyzing phraseological units in English and Uzbek
languages. Research methods such as associative, conceptual, contextual,
component, lexicographic, linguistic, cultural, semantic cognitive, etymological
analysis were used in the exploration. This study presents an analysis of the
methodologies used in the translation of idiomatic expressions and
phraseological units into English and Uzbek languages.
Key words:
phraseological unit, phrasis-expression, speech wrapper,
stability, set phrases, false friend.
Introduction:
The field of linguistics is like a giant tree. it consists of many
branches and each branch consist of many more sections. Especially, in the field
of linguistics, translation studies is developing from year to year, but it also
causes some problems. Translation studies certainly requires great
responsibility and skill from every interpretor. When translating information
from one language into another, the translator must know the morphology and
syntax of these two languages, or the culture, proverbs, phraseological units,
expressions of the speakers of this language. While translating simple sentences
is not difficult, translating expressions, proverbs and phraseological units in the
language requires considerable skill. Because the above units stated in one
language may have a completely different meaning in the second language and
the reader may misunderstand the information due to direct translation. One of
the theories uses the consideration of phraseological units as a cultural
phenomenon in translation studies. As a result, phraseology requires studying
the field of sociolinguistics. Phraseological units serve a very special and
significant purpose. They make it possible to communicate ideas clearly and
succinctly, and they lend utterances a semantic complexity that would be
challenging, if not impossible, to do through other channels. At this stage of our
research, we will consider the cultural specificity of English and Uzbek
phraseological units.
Main Part.
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Phraseology is defined as the study of the structural features of
phraseological units, their appearance in the language system, and the
properties of their use at a point. Although the term "phraseology" is derived
from the Greek word "frama" (phrasis-expression, speech wrapper), this term
serves to express different meanings. (Radjabovich, 2024) The use of phrases in
linguistics allows the speaker to use prefabricated quotations that are rarely
worn with humor, sarcasm, or insight. Phraseological units, in contrast other
vocabulary units, have their own national stamp and reveal details about the
history, culture, and people of the nation. Phraseologisms, which are the product
of long-term development, reflect the experience of society and pass it from one
generation to another, so they play an important role not only as a means of
communication, but also as a source of various socially significant information. If
we consider the interpretation of Uzbek and English languages in the study of
phraseological units. First of all, let's find out the meaning of the word
interpretation. Interpretation means action of explaining the meaning of
something, the way something is explained or understood. A language
interpreter or sign language interpreter must not only quickly and carefully
interpret meaning, but also tone and intent of the original message into the
target or interpreted language. So, interpretation is a tool that shows the true
skill of the translator. as mentioned above, if we discuss the interpretation of
phraseological units in Uzbek and English languages, it should be noted that
translating phraseological units dependes on twice as much knowledge,
experience and responsibility from the translator. Finding the exact equivalent
of a combination of words in one language with one meaning in another
language is often a problem. As a result, the translated text message cannot fully
retain its meaning. To solve these problems, scientists have been conducting
scientific research since the beginning of the twentieth century. The first
researcher of phraseological theory was Charles Balli. He included in his
scientific works special chapters on the study of phraseological units.
Phraseological compounds consist mainly of word combinations, in other words,
phraseologies are a separate unit of language that includes figurative, fixed word
combinations that are completely or partially semantically reshaped, equal in
structure to a free link or sentence. Most of the phraseologies were created by
the people in both English and other languages, their authors are unknown, and
their sources of origin are not clear. In this sense, the phraseological scholar A.V.
The author of most of the English phraseologies of the day is unknown, and has
reasonably pointed out the idea that they were created by the people. However,
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it is possible to identify the sources of origin of some phraseological units. In this
sense, phraseology is a microsystem that is part of the general system of
language, which reflects the heritage and values of the past, passed down from
generation to generation. Many of the phraseological units that make up the
system are a source of enrichment for a particular language. The phraseological
system consists of the phraseological units, the relationship between their main
components. Phraseologisms are connections of words that consist of more than
one word and are stable in meaning and form. (Radjabovich, 2024) V. According
to Kunin, it is characterized as a unit with a stable property. Linguists' views on
stagnation do not coincide, because when they say phraseological units
stagnation, they mean its ready use. The concept of stagnation is important for
phraseology because the solution of most theoretical and practical problems in
phraseology is directly related to this concept. In order to consider an
alternative option in the interpretation and translation of phraseological units, it
is permissible to first refer to the view of linguists that include phraseological
units. For example, the lexicographical and linguistic study of phraseology is
multifaceted, especially in translation into English and Uzbek languages.
Phraseology is so important in language that it plays a decisive role in
understanding and conveying subtleties of language. Every language, including
Uzbek and English, has a collection of phraseology that can cause great
difficulties in translation. For example:.
Linguistics:
From a linguistic point of view, the study of phraseology involves
understanding their syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects. This includes
how phraseological units are structured, their literal and figurative meanings,
and how they are used in communication. Linguistic research also involves
understanding the cultural contexts that give rise to these phraseology.
The above mentioned are examples of some challenges in translating
phraseological units.
Lexicographic Aspects:
Lexicography involves writing and editing dictionaries. In
the context of English and Uzbek phraseology, lexicography focuses on the
coordination of these phraseological units and their meanings, usage and
translations. This is especially difficult because phraseology often contains
cultural, historical, and idiomatic meanings that cannot be easily translated.
Non-equivalence
: Often, there is no direct equivalent for a phraseology in the
target language. Translators must either find a close approximation or rephrase
it while maintaining the original meaning and impact.
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Cultural Specifics
: Many phraseologies are deeply rooted in the culture and
history of their language of origin. This makes translation challenging, as the
translator needs to find equivalent expressions in the target language that
convey the same meaning and cultural essence.
Role of Technology:
Advances in computational linguistics and AI have aided in
translating and studying phraseologies. Machine translation systems, however,
still struggle with accurately translating idiomatic expressions and culturally
specific phraseologies.(Oybekovna, 2024)
English and Uzbek Context:
The translation between these two languages is
fascinating due to their unique linguistic roots (German and Turkish
respectively) and cultural background. Each language has its unique set of
expression and idioms that reflect its history, culture and social norms. The
study of phraseology in the context of translation into English and Uzbek
languages provides insight into the languages themselves, the culture and
thought processes of the peoples who speak them. It is an interdisciplinary work
that connects linguistics, cultural studies, and translation theory.
Contextual Usage
: Understanding the context in which a phraseology is used is
crucial. This includes not only the linguistic context but also the situational and
cultural contexts.
Methodology:
In this article, regardless of the literary source of Uzbek phraseology,
phraseological units that can be equivalent to them in English translation are
considered. Phraseological units make our speech more precise, and more vivid,
diverse, and expressive. According to some linguists, the role of phraseologism
in the formation of language and culture is extremely important. Such an
attractive stable layer of the language includes the basic values, social ethics, and
national culture that are unique to each nation.
Results:
Phraseological units include idioms, compound sentences, proverbs ,
grammatical phraseological units, especially the scope of English and Uzbek
phraseology is large and diverse. If we study the classification of English
phraseological units in connection with the Uzbek language.
Structural classification:
A. The main component of substantive phraseological
units is the noun. For example: a drop in the bucket (drop in the bucket); Box
and Cox (alternating); wind bag
（
philosopher
）
; battle-ax, etc.
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B. Verb Phrases: Phraseologisms functionally connected with the verb. For
example: to play it cool (behave calmly, coolly); to talk big (boast); to break a
bubble (expose the true face); to be in the pot (drunk); to make mountains of
mokehills (much ado about nothing), etc.
C. Adjective phraseological units are phraseological units whose main
component is an adjective, and the share of adjectives in the total volume of
studied phraseological units is very small.
D. Phraseologisms with a sentence structure There are phraseological units in
the English language that are structurally connected with a sentence.
Phraseological units that are structured according to the structure of a simple
sentence and have components connected as a subject and a predicate are
considered typical. For example: he has no guts (he is a worthless person, he is
worthless); you said it (I totally agree with you); etc.(Abduvaxidovna, 2021)
Complete coincidence of form and context in phrasiological units is rarely met
with. 1. Black frost (phrase me) – qorasovuq. 2. To bring oil to fire (idiom) –
alanga yog’ quymoq.(Esanova, 2024)
Like many other languages, Uzbek is rich in stable word combinations, including
humorous and ironic expressions, allusions, hints, ethical expressions, blessings,
ethnographisms, and folklorisms. These are not only content-rich but also have
an external cultural character (Table 1). Table 1. Comparative Table of Uzbek
Phrases and Their English.
Uzbek phrase
English phrase
dunyo turguncha turing
live long and prosper
yotigi bilan tushuntirmoq
to speak cautiously
oramizda qolsin
Between you and me
dong qotib uxlamoq
To be fast asleep
Ikki og’iz gap
a couple of words
Ignani ustida o’tirgandek bo’lmoq
to be on pins and needles
bir yoqadan bosh chiqarmoq
with a single heart
ish qaritmaydi, gʻam qaritadi
care killed the cat
kechasi bilan uxlamasdan ishlamoq
burn the midnight oil
O’lim ostonasida
at the death's door
Temirni qizig’ida bos
Strike while iron is hot
Muhim inson
big wig
bir o’q bilan ikki quyonni urmoq
kill two birds with one stone;
Discussions:
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To conclude, phraseological units in Uzbek are divided into two types:
phraseological unity and phraseological fusion, in English — according to
phraseological unity and phraseological fusion, phraseological combinations or
expressions. In this article, we considered the translation of phraseological units
into English and Uzbek and their equivalents. We witnessed the problems with
their translation and the existence of different translation methods. In different
situations, the interpreter may use different approaches based on his
personality. The translator must feel a part of the translated culture, immerse
himself in it, create the only possible and at the same time unique version of the
translation. For this, the interpretation should incorporate many realities of
foreign culture into its thinking and reveal the full power and richness of the
native language.
References:
1.Abduvaxidovna, K. D. (2021). PHRASEOLOGY IN ENGLISH. 10(12).
2.Esanova, M. (2024). STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN THE TEXTS OF WORKS OF ART (ENGLISH AND
UZBEK AUTHORS). Евразийский Журнал Академических Исследований,
4(2), 111–117.
3.Oybekovna, B. M. (2024). A Comparative Lexicographic and Linguistic Analysis
of Phraseologies in English, Russian, and Uzbek Translations. Periodica Journal
of Modern Philosophy, Social Sciences and Humanities, 26, 20–26.
4.Radjabovich, N. Z. (2024). Contrastive Analysis of Phraseological Units in
English and Uzbek Languages. Pedagogical Cluster-Journal of Pedagogical
Developments, 2(1), 373–379.
