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LEUKEMIA AND ITS TYPES, CAUSES, TREATMENT METHODS.
Akbarova Feruza Javlonovna
Alfraganus Universiteti
Direction of treatment, student of group 23-7:
Qalandarov Qоbil Suyarovich
Scientific advisor Dost:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14044407
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada. Lеykoz(Oq qon)kassalini kelib chiqish
sabablari, Leykoz kasalligi bilan kasallangan bemorlar va ularning organizmidagi
o'zgarishlar davolash turlari haqida yoritib beriladi.
Аннотация:
В данной статье описаны причины лейкоза,виды
лечения больных лейкозом и изменения в их организме.
Abstract:
This article describes the causes of leukemia, the types of
treatment for patients with leukemia and the changes in their div.
Kalit so'zi:
Leykoz,O'tkir,Surunkali,Sitogenez,Sitostatik,Qon.
Ключевое слово:
лейкемия, хронический, острый, цитогенез,
цитостатик, кровь.
Key word:
Leukemia, chronic, sharp, cytogenesis, cytotoxic, blood.
Leukemia (leukemia, leukemia, white blood disease) is a clonal malignant
(neoplastic) disease of the hematopoietic system. Leukemias include a wide
group of diseases that differ in their etiology. In leukemias, a poor-quality clone
can appear from immature hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow, as well as
from maturing and mature blood cells. Types of leukemia disease: Acute
leukemia, Chronic leukemia.
Acute - from immature cells (blasts)
Chronic - maturing and mature cells.
It should also be noted that acute leukemia never turns into a chronic form, and
in chronic cases, attacks are not observed. For chronic leukemias, "attacks" are
characterized by blast crises, the blood image of which resembles an acute state.
According to the degree of differentiation of tumor cells
Undifferentiated
Blastly
Sitar leukemias
According to cytogenesis
According to cytogenesis, acute leukemia is divided into:
Lymphoblastic, Myeloid, Monoblastic, Myelomonoblastic, Erythromeloblastic,
Megakaryoblastic, Undifferentiated.
Chronic leukemia is represented by the following types:
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
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Myelocytic origin: chronic myelocytic, chronic neutrophilic, chronic eosinophilic,
chronic basophilic, myelosclerosis.
The main clinical signs of acute leukemia: the abundance of blast cells and their
predominance (more than 30%, usually 60-90%). "Leukemic collapse" is the
disappearance of intermediate forms of cells against the background of many
blasts. leaving
Simultaneous presence of abasophilia and aneosinophilia.
Rapidly developing anemia.
The main clinical signs of chronic leukemia: (symptoms are the same, but just
the opposite). Low or complete absence of blast cells (less than 30%, often 1-
2%). Absence of "leukemic collapse", or the presence of intermediate forms of
cells (promyelocytes and myelocytes).
Basophil-eosinophil association, that is, the presence of basophilia and
eosinophilia at the same time.
Anemia that develops gradually.
Diagnosis. Morphological studies are of great importance in the diagnosis of
white blood cell disease. The main methods of morphological diagnosis during
life are trepanobiopsy of the iliac bone or study of bone marrow biopaths and
peripheral blood smears obtained from the function of the sternum and other
organs.
Treatment methods. In chronic leukemia, we choose supportive tactics from all
sides. Our goal is to delay or prevent the development of complications. Acute
leukemia requires urgent therapy, which includes taking high doses of
chemotherapeutic agents. Chemotherapy allows the div to get rid of white
blood cells. After that, if required, a transplant of bone marrow cells from a
healthy donor is prescribed.
Cytostatics are drugs that suppress the growth of atypical cells. They are
administered intravenously or orally in tablet form. Different variants of the
disease require a specific treatment regimen. According to the recommendations
of the World Health Organization, each specialist can follow different therapy
regimens. After the exact variant of leukemia is determined (taking into account
the cell composition), the patient is prescribed chemotherapy in several courses
according to the necessary scheme:First course: aimed at destroying harmful
cells. Its duration is determined individually and can be several months.
After the successful completion of the first course, supportive therapy is
prescribed - the patient is given cytostatics in the previous doses and quantities.
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The last stage: this is a preventive course. It enhances the obtained therapeutic
effect and allows the patient to stay longer in remission. After completing the
entire course of chemotherapy, there is a high probability that you will not
encounter this disease again.
However, medicine is still not developed enough and the div can behave
unpredictably. Thus, there is no possibility of disease recurrence after complete
treatment. In this case, another treatment option is offered - bone marrow
transplantation.
References:
1.
U.Veronesi "New Approaches to the Treatment of Leukemia ".
2.
CHissov.V.I "Onkologiya ".
3.
M.S.Abdullaxo'jayeva "Potologik anatomiya ".
4.
CHissov.V.I. "Onkologiya ".
