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THE STRUCTURE AND TYPES OF THE FOOT MECHANISM OF
MODERN SEWING MACHINES
Fayzilloyeva N.B.
Intern teacher at Bukhara Institute of Engineering and Technology
Uroqova Zuhra Faxriddinovna
Toshtemirov Aslonbek Tolib o'g'li
Bukhara Institute of Engineering and Technology 308-22 Yest (tt) student
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14413394
The rail works with a presser foot, which must press the fabric to the rail
with a certain force over its entire area. The foot unit has an adjustable spring
for this, as well as parts that lift the foot and lower it onto the fabric. The presser
foot can have a movable sole or a swinging one on a hinge. Such feet are
convenient because they allow you to easily pass through thick places.
The foot unit has the following device (Fig. 1). The presser foot 8 is attached
with a screw to the rod 7. A spiral spring 2 is put on above the spring holder 4,
onto which the adjusting screw 1 presses from above. Under the action of the
spring, the foot presses on the fabric, the pressing force can be changed with the
adjusting screw. If the screw is turned to the right, the spring, compressing,
creates greater pressure of the foot on the fabric, and vice versa. To lift the foot,
a lever 5 equipped with a cam is attached to the head of the machine with a
hinge screw. If you turn the lever and move its cam under the lateral branch of
the clutch 3, the clutch will rise and raise the rod of the foot and the foot.
The presser foot holds the fabric in place. It can also serve as a guide to
measure distances, allowing you to stitch straight. Outer and inner the edges of
the straight and zigzag stitch feet can also be useful for measuring the width of a
seam.
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Fig. 1. Foot mechanism: a — foot unit, b — kinematic diagram of the foot
unit: 1 — adjusting screw, 2 — spiral spring, 3 — clutch branch, 4 — spring
holder, 5 — lever, 6–7 — rods, 8 — presser foot
The feed dog feeds the fabric backwards. While the feed dog feeds the
bottom layer of fabric backwards, the presser foot feeds the top layer forwards
relative to the bottom layer. This is one of the reasons why the bottom layer of
fabric shifts relative to the top layer and appears somewhat shorter. The amount
of this shift increases if the pressure of the presser foot is too strong.
However, this feature of the feed mechanism can be useful if you need to fit
a longer piece of fabric relative to a shorter one, stitch a piece cut at an angle to
the grain to a piece cut along the grain or cross grain, or a piece of loosely woven
fabric to a piece of tightly woven fabric. The foot pressure regulator is used to
set the desired foot pressure. The correct pressure setting should be sufficient to
hold the material securely, provide uniform feed, and produce an even stitch.
Insufficient pressure makes it difficult to produce a straight stitch. If the foot
presses too hard on the fabric, the teeth leave marks on the fabric and a
noticeable shift occurs between the lower layer of fabric and the upper layer.
This causes small gathers to form along the seam line. Many new sewing
machines have automatic foot pressure adjustment.
In sewing machines, the foot must press the material to the surface of the
table so that when pulling the upper thread, the material does not become loose.
There are a wide variety of feet, and they change depending on the shape of the
elements being sewn. Special feet exist for sewing on buttons, ribbons, zippers,
for different types of hemming, sewing in piping, darning, embroidery, and so
on.
Below we will consider some types and functions of sewing machine feet.
Apparatus for creating folds.
The pleating machine looks complicated but is very easy to use. This
machine allows you to quickly and easily create pleats on fabric. The size of the
pleats and the distance can vary.
Upper feed with replaceable sole and two guides. This walking upper feed
provides a soft and smooth movement. Thanks to the upper feed, the layers of
fabric do not shift and wrinkles do not form on the fabric. The fabric is caught
and moved simultaneously by the lower and upper feed. The upper feed is
indispensable when working with materials such as knitwear, vinyl or leather.
This foot is designed for sewing machines with a maximum zigzag width of 9
mm.
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AcuFeed Quilting Foot for Split-Fold Stitching (Wide). The guide on the foot
helps you topstitch edges, folds, and pleats. It is also ideal for split-fold stitching.
The foot guide distributes seams, allowing you to sew exactly along the line.
When combined with different needle positions, this foot is also suitable for
adding decorative stitches along the seam and sewing on lace and trim.
Quilting feet of different shapes. There are several varieties - open, as well
as closed feet for quilting of different shapes. Just in case, what is quilting - it is
patchwork sewing, one of the varieties of applied art. In translation from
English, quilting is quilting. Quilting includes various techniques - patchwork, as
well as applique and embroidery. Of course, you can connect the patches with a
regular foot and with a zigzag foot. But with a special klz quilting foot, the work
will be easier, more interesting, and there are several different feet for different
distances between seams and different types of rotation.
Applique foot. This foot is ideal for sewing appliques, which is especially
used for decorating children's clothing and home decor. The recess on the
bottom and the curved edge allow stitches to pass freely under the foot, both
along straight and curved lines.
Concealed Zipper Foot. The Concealed Zipper Foot allows you to achieve
professional quality when sewing in zippers. The foot moves the teeth slightly in
front of the needle, which allows you to sew the zipper as close to the teeth as
possible.
Binding foot. The binning foot is used to process edges with bias binding
in one step. The snail on the foot wraps the strip of fabric and guides it in front of
the needle. It can be used for sewing zigzag, decorative stitches or regular
straight stitches. Bias binding from 10 to 14 mm is suitable.
Many modern sewing machines are controlled by computer programs,
which allows you to make eyelet loops and embroider any designs and patterns.
A large selection of feet, accessories and additional devices expand the
capabilities of the machines infinitely, allowing you to perform any operation
related to sewing clothes.
Literature:
1.
Franz, V. Ya. Equipment for sewing production. Light industry, Machines
and devices, Equipment for sewing production. Textbook. - 4th ed., corrected. -
M .: Academy, 2010. - 448 p.
2.
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malfunctions in sewing machines. "Young scientist". Scientific journal. - No. 9
(89). Kazan, 2015. - Pp. 317-319.
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3.
3. GOST 12807–2003. Sewing products. Classification of stitches, lines and
seams.
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4. Isaev, V. V. Sewing machines. Illustrated manual. M., Legprombytizdat,
1986.
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Мухамадиев Б. Т., Шарипова Н. У. Нетепловые механизмы действия
электромагнитного поля (ЭМП) низких частот (нч) на растительное сырье
//Universum: химия и биология. – 2020. – №. 6 (72). – С. 89-91.
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Шарипова Н. У. Химическая промышленность и окружающая среда
//Universum: химия и биология. – 2022. – №. 5-1 (95). – С. 19-21.
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Uktamovna S. N., Temurovich M. B. Transgenic food products //Archive of
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