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THE WORK “MONUMENTS LEFT BY ANCIENT PEOPLES” IS A
UNIQUE PEARL OF NOMANOLOGY
Mirzakhmedova Oygul Abdirashidovna
Doctoral student of Namangan State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15048863
Annotation:
The article discusses onomastic units used in Abu Rayhan
Beruni’s work “Monuments Left by Ancient Peoples”, particularly historical
anthroponyms, geortonyms, chrononyms, toponyms, and cosmonyms. It
provides information on the cosmonym Azvapachkirik, the toponym Al-Fir, and
the geortonym Navruz Mehrjon. Historical names are one of the means that
contribute to the awareness of national identity, attention to traditions and
customs, which are the spiritual sources of peoples.
Keyworsd:
onomastic units, anthroponym, geortonym, chrononym,
cosmonym, etymology, phoneme.
The onomastic units, by their nature, are highly stable and minimally
changing elements of language that are typically left untranslated in other
languages. Due to this characteristic, the onomastic units in “Monuments Left by
Ancient Peoples” serve as the most reliable and authoritative evidence for any
historical or linguistic research. The system of proper nouns comprises a
significant portion of the lexicon in the language of “Monuments Left by Ancient
Peoples”, with numerous historical anthroponyms, geortonyms, cosmonyms,
toponyms and mythonyms employed throughout the text of the work.
In Azamat Primov’s research work “Linguistic Features of Uzbek
Cosmonyms”, it is noted that Beruni not only discussed the nature and
movement of astronomical bodies but also provided valuable information on the
principles of their naming and etymology. A. Primov has expressed his views on
the fact that the Arabic and Turkic cosmonyms mentioned in the scientist’s
works continue to be actively used in our present-day language . In addition, in
the work “Monuments Left by Ancient Peoples” it is written that the astrologer
in the Khorezm language is called axtar venik and that the Khorezmians knew
the zodiac signs better than the Arabs.
In his work “Monuments Left by Ancient Peoples” the scholar provides
information on the constellation called Azvapachkirik used in the Khorezmian
language: The Khorezmians knew the zodiac signs better than the Arabs. The
fact that the names given to the constellations correspond to the names given by
the [astronomers] responsible for describing them, do not correspond to the
Arabic [language], and the Arabs describe them through images other than those
given by the officials shows the correctness of our words. For instance, the Arabs
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placed Jawdah among the constellations in place of the image of a twin boy.
However, Jawza is the star of the Almighty. The people of Khorezm call this
constellation Azvapachkirik. This means “twin” .
Kh.Salihodzhaeva writes that Beruni’s work “Monuments Left by Ancient
Peoples” is one of the historical sources of chrononymy and geortonymy of the
Uzbek language, and in her research work “Monuments Left by Ancient Peoples”
she dwells on the holidays and festivals of Khorezm and Sogdians in the pre-
Islamic period .
In the work “Monuments Left by Ancient Peoples”, it is written that during
the time of the Prophet, people called years not by numbers, but by such names
as “Year of Peace”, “Year of Victory”, “Year of Friendship”. Kh. Solikhodjaeva
discusses that the linguocultural characteristics of the geortonyms Navruz and
Mehrjon, citing references from the scholar’s information on festivals presented
in the work “Monuments Left by Ancient Peoples”.
According to some, Navruz is the first of the six days Allah created creation.
Just as the Sun and Moon are the two eyes of the sky, so Navruz and Mehrjon are
the two eyes of time .
The scientific heritage of our great ancestor is being studied not only in
Uzbekistan, but also today on a global scale. In particular, research and studies
are also continuing within the framework of nomology. In his article “Abu
Rayhan Beruni’s Information on the Cosmonyms of Iranian-Speaking Peoples”,
written by A. Mirboboyev and Yu. Boboyev, he cites the Arabic, Persian,
Khorezmian, and Rumian names of the planets mentioned in his work
“Monuments Left by Ancient Peoples” and writes that some Sogdian and
Khorezmian cosmonyms have been preserved in the Tajik language .
In his article “Interpretation of the Historical Onomastics of Khorezm in
Abu Rayhan Beruni’s Works”, Yu. Boboev discusses the names of kings from the
Khorezmshah Afrighid dynasty mentioned in the work “Monuments Left by
Ancient Peoples”, as well as the historical Khorezmian fortress known as Fir
Castle .
Al-Fir – the name of the ancient capital of Khorezm, located on the left bank
of the Amu Darya. In Arabic written sources, it is also called Al-Mansura.
According to Beruni, Al-Fir was a fortress built of clay and unbaked bricks on the
outskirts of the city of Khorezm, consisting of three-story fortresses nestled
within each other and not inferior in height.
Among the ancient information presented to us by “Monuments Left by
Ancient Peoples” its historical names used in various languages hold a special
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place. A comprehensive and in-depth analysis of our great ancestor’s research
work provides valuable information about the languages of the peoples who
lived in the period and territories where this book was written, and the
remnants of these languages preserved in modern languages and folk dialects. In
this sense, “Monuments Left by Ancient Peoples” are an invaluable historical and
linguistic heritage.
Reference:
1. Абу Райҳон Беруний. Қадимги халқлардан қолган ёдгорликлар.
Танланган асарлар. 1-жилд. -Тошкент: “O’zbekiston”, 2020.
2. Примов.A Ўзбек тили космонимларининг лисоний хусусиятлари: Филол.
фанлари номзоди..дисс. -Тошкент. 2009. -Б. 20-21.
3.Салиходжаева Х.З. Ўзбелк тили хрононим ва геортонимларининг
лисоний тадқиқи: Филол. фанлари номзоди..дисс.Фарғона. 2020. -Б. 56.
4.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/aburayhon-berunis-information-
concerning-cosmonimy-of-iranian-speaking-people/viewer.
5.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/reflection-of-khorezm-historic-
onomastics-in-aburaykhon-s-berunis-works/viewer.
