MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
151
RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE GROWTH OF MANURE CROPS
IN THE REGIONS OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
Seytbayev Rauaj Sarsenbayevich
Head of the laboratory "Agrotechnology of Agricultural
Crops and Soil Fertility"
Abdullayev Yelmurat Yerkinbayevich
Independent researcher
Karakalpak Research Institute of Agriculture
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15119166
Annotation
This article presents the results of phenological observations and analysis
after sowing green manure crops. In this case, when analyzing the mung bean
crop by variants, the fastest 50% germination was 8 days, 10 days for the
sorghum crop, and 6 days for the soybean crop.
Key words:
green manure crops, soil fertility, agrochemical analysis,
humus, N-nitrogen, P-phosphorus, K-potassium, leguminous crops, green
manure.
In developed countries of the world, scientific research is being conducted
aimed at obtaining environmentally friendly, high-quality crop yields,
preserving and increasing soil fertility, and improving the melioration state of
lands through scientifically based crop rotation systems. Along with this, crops
are grown in crop rotation in various soil and climatic conditions of our country,
and now, to obtain high and quality yields of agricultural crops, preserve and
increase soil fertility, and improve the melioration state of lands, the
introduction of cotton, winter wheat, legumes, and oilseeds into crop rotation
systems is one of the urgent tasks.
According to Negmatov and Shavkatov [2], in the takyr-like soils of the
Kashkadarya region, when mung bean was sown early (20-30 June) with 14 kg
of seeds per hectare for winter wheat stubble, the number of tubers formed per
plant root averaged 24.
Studies have also shown that the formation of tuber mass in the roots of
leguminous crops depends on sowing dates and planting depth. Shukurillayev
G.Sh. [3].
With the use of green manure, favorable conditions are created for the
reproduction and development of earthworms, as a result of which soil aeration
improves and moisture is better preserved. Kenjaev, [1].
Corn is considered one of the most important grain crops and has food,
fodder, technical, and agricultural significance. Seeds germinate with a single
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
152
embryonic root, which branches rapidly from germination to the formation of 3-
4 leaves, forming a large number of lateral roots covered with root hairs. The
embryonic rootlet absorbs water and nutrients from the soil until true roots
appear and is preserved until the end of the plant's life. After 4-8 days of
emergence, the tillering node forms and the formation of secondary roots
occurs, resembling an embryonic rootlet in appearance.
From the lower nodes of the underground part of the stem, air roots or
supporting roots appear, ensuring the plant's strength and serving as an
additional source of nutrition. Corn roots penetrate to a depth of 180-190 cm,
more than half of the root mass is located in the 0-20 cm layer. Early-ripening
varieties have 5-10 internodes, late-ripening varieties have 20-25 internodes;
their length is 1-2 cm at the base of the stem and up to 40 cm at the top.
In our experiment, after the completion of pre-sowing plowing, harrowing,
and tillage of green manure crops, corn, soybeans, and mung beans were sown
on July 19. In the analyses studied by variants, the 50% germination rate of
sorghum on the ground was 11 days in the first variant, 13 days in the fourth
variant, and 10 days in the seventh variant. It was established that in the seventh
variant, sorghum germinated 3 days earlier than in the first and fourth variants
in terms of surface germination.
Table 1
50% germination of corn, soybeans, mung beans
№
Options
50% Germination
25.07 27.07 29.07 31.07 Date
Germination
period days
1 Corn
76
102
160
252 29.07
11
2 Soybean
203
408
565
663 26.07
8
3 mung bean
52
108
145
232 30.07
12
4 Corn
56
114
145
160 31.07
13
5 Soybean
205
436
578
645 26.07
8
6 mung bean
65
118
168
247 28.07
10
7 Corn
59
107
168
264 28.07
10
8 Soybean
456
602
703
780 25.07
6
9 mung bean
86
162
212
26.07
8
20°C heat is required for soybean seeds to ripen. Sprouts appear in 6-7 days
at 19-22°C; 15-17 °C in 12 days. When the temperature rises from 10°C to 33°C,
the duration of "growing-flowering" decreases from 45 days to 21 days. With
repeated planting, the "growing-flowering" period is sharply reduced. Flowering
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
153
and fruit formation can occur at an interval of 11.5-27 °C. However, the optimal
temperature is 21-23°C. The sum of effective temperatures is 1700-3500°C.
In the analyses studied by variants, the 50% germination rate of soybeans
on the ground was 8 days in the second and fifth variants and 6 days in the
eighth variant. In terms of soybean germination, in the eighth variant, compared
to the second and fifth variants, germination was 2 days earlier.
Mung bean improves soil fertility, nitrogen-fixing bacteria accumulate in its
roots during the growing season. During the growing season, under favorable
weather conditions, it can accumulate up to 200 kg of nitrogen per hectare.
Therefore, it is recommended to leave the mung bean roots in the ground and
plow the land.
As a result of observations, when studying the germination of mung bean
from green manure to the surface by 50%, in the third variant it was 12 days, in
the sixth variant it was 10 days, and in the ninth variant it was 8 days. In this
case, compared to the third and sixth variants, in the ninth variant, 50% of the
seedlings appeared on the ground 2-4 days earlier. It was established that in the
seventh variant, sorghum germinated 3 days earlier than in the other variants,
and in the eighth variant, soybeans germinated 2 days earlier than in the second
and fifth variants.
List of used literature:
1. Кенжаев Ю. Турли муддатларда қўлланилган сидерациянинг ёмғир
чувалчанглари сонига таъсири. // “Агро илм” журнали. -2019 -№4 (60) -Б.
76
2. Негматова С., Шавкатов Б. Такрорий экин мош илдизида туганаклар
ҳосил бўлиши. // “Агро илм” журнали. -2019. -№4 (60) -Б. 31-32
3. Шукурллаев П.Ш. Развитие клубенковых бактерий. Материалы
конференции по развитию науки и техники РУз. –Ташкент. – 1969. –С. 25-
28
