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ORGANIZATION OF COMPETITIVE VARIETY TESTING OF
SELECTED PROMISING POTATO VARIETIES
Nizomov Rustam Akhrolovich
Dr.agr.sci., Professor
Rakhmatullayev Jasurbek Negmatullayevich
researcher
Scientific research institute of vegetable
crops, melons and potatoes
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15142488
Abstract.
This article outlines the results of an experiment comparing the
newly developed potato variety “Tashkent Ertagisi” with the standard variety
“Sante” in an early-stage trial. According to the experimental findings, the
phenological observations of the “Tashkent Ertagisi” and standard “Sante”
varieties grown in the selection nursery were as follows. In the standard variety,
it took 28 days for 75% of the seedlings to emerge, 34 days for tuber formation,
and 52 days for flowering. In contrast, the new “Tashkent Ertagisi” variety
required only 22 days for 75% seedling germination, 28 days for tuber
formation, and 38 days for flowering. Experimental results confirmed that the
growth phases of the new “Tashkent Ertagisi” variety developed 18-20 days
earlier than those of the standard variety.
Keywords:
Potato, early-maturing, early planting period, growth period,
seedling germination, tuber formation, flowering, stem height, number of stems,
flower, yield.
Introduction
. Potatoes are one of the most important, widely cultivated,
and strategically significant food, fodder, and industrial crops in global
agriculture. Currently, potatoes are grown in over 150 countries worldwide,
covering 23.1 million hectares and yielding a total production of 438.9 million
tons.
The average potato yield globally is about 18-19 tons per hectare. In recent
years, potato cultivation areas have expanded by 4-5 million hectares, and total
production has increased by 70-80 million tons. In major potato-producing
countries, one of the most pressing challenges is developing new, adaptable, and
promising varieties, as well as rapidly multiplying high-quality seed materials to
enhance production volume and crop yield.
In our country's potato industry, extensive efforts are being made to
develop new, competitive varieties for the global market, as well as to rapidly
propagate them and establish an effective seed production system.
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The purpose of the research.
Based on a comprehensive study of the
global potato gene pool, the goal is to develop and introduce into production an
early-maturing variety adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of our
country, with high marketability and yield characteristics.
The object of the researsh.
Fifteen lines imported from the International
Potato Center (CIP), along with five local and five foreign variety samples, serve
as the study objects.
The subject of the research
is the morphobiological characteristics and
complex valuable economic traits of potato collection samples, including high
yield potential, early maturity, the number of tubers per plant stem, and the
identification of economically significant traits.
Research methods.
The experiments were carried out based on the
methodologies and recommendations of the All-Russian Research Institute of
Potato Farming, the Research Institute of Vegetable crops, Melons, and Potato
Crops, and the State Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Testing New
Varieties of Agricultural Crops. The statistical analysis of the field experiment
results was performed using the B.A. Dospekhov method with the help of
Microsoft Excel software.
Experiment results and their discussion.
The competitive variety testing
of potatoes is a research process conducted to determine the yield potential of
potato varieties, their adaptation to growing conditions, and their resistance to
diseases and pests.
Competitive variety testing is carried out to test the yield characteristics,
stability, and environmental compatibility of new potato varieties in the
production of new varieties.
In this case, several potato varieties are tested in an alternative manner
(according to germination, flowering, stem height, and yield indicators).
These tests are important for potato farmers, as they help to select the most
productive, high-yielding, and disease- and pest-resistant varieties.
Competitive variety testing also plays an important role in the development
of new potato varieties.
When potato lines from the International Potato Center (CIP) were planted
in a variety selection nursery, the early-ripening, smooth-skinned, compact,
high-yielding (L-60) line was selected from the variety samples.
In the conducted experiments, the valuable economic traits of this L-60 line
were studied. During this period, regular individual selection work was carried
out. It was found that the germination of the seedlings, flowering, and budding in
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this isolated line were 20-25 days earlier than the standard “Sante” variety. In
the experiments, it was found that the height of plants at the base of this line was
10-12% higher than the standard variety, the number of stems, stem weight, and
number of leaves were 13-14% higher relative to the standard, the leaf area was
10-12% higher, the weight of the shoots was 6-7% higher, and the yield was 11-
12% higher than the standard variety.
Scientific research was continued on the L-65 line, which was isolated for a
comprehensive study of valuable economic traits of potato lines in early and
succession period, and a competition was held for the shape, color, yield, taste
and other characteristics of potato tubers in early and succession terms. The
main economic characteristics and traits were brought to uniformity. On the
recommendation of the Scientific Council of the Research Institute of Vegetable
Crops, Melons and Potatoes, the L-65 potato line was named “Tashkent Ertagisi”
and was transferred to the Center for Testing Agricultural Crop Varieties and the
Intellectual Property Agency, and the state variety testing of these varieties was
carried out.
The new potato variety was tested in greenhouse conditions and in open
field conditions in early and successive terms for the shape, color, yield and
other characteristics of its tubers. The main valuable economic characteristics
and traits were brought to uniformity.
Since there was no ultra-early variety of potato in the register of the Center
for Testing Agricultural Crop Varieties, this variety was studied in comparison
with the “Sante” variety.
Seeds of the new potato variety were sown in early terms on March 20 and
succession terms on July 20 in a planting scheme of 70×25 cm.
Precocity.
In the experiments conducted, when the new variety was
studied for its precocity, it took 85 days for the standard “Sante” variety to reach
technical maturity, while the new “Tashkent Ertagisi” variety required 65 days
and ripened 20 days earlier than the standard variety. The results of
phenological observation of the new “Tashkent Ertagisi” and standard “Sante”
varieties of potatoes planted in an early period are presented in Table 1.
Table-1
The
results of phenological observation of the new “Tashkent Ertagisi”
and standard “Sante” varieties of potatoes planted in an early period
(in 2020-2021)
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Varietal samples
germination, day
From full germination to….., day
budding
flowering
10%
75%
10%
75%
10%
75%
Sante (st)
15
28
24
34
40
52
Tashkent Ertagisi (L-65)
13
22
20
28
32
38
V%
10
25
26
31
28
36
V%
15
30
25
33
27
35
According to the results of the study, in the standard variety “Sante” 10% of
seedlings germinated in 15 days, 75% in 28 days, from full germination to
budding 10% in 24 days, 75% in 34 days, from full germination to flowering
10% in 40 days, and 75% in 52 days, while the newly created variety “Tashkent
Ertagisi” 10-75% of seedlings germinated in 2-6 days, from full germination to
budding 4-6 days, and from full germination to flowering 8-12 days earlier than
the standard variety.
The results of the study shows that the coefficient of variation for the
standard variety “Sante” and new variety “Tashkent Ertagisi” at the germination
of 10% of seedlings was moderately fluctuating in the range of 10-15%, at the
germination of 75% of seedlings it was strongly fluctuating in the range of 22-
28%, and from the time of full germination to 10-75% budding and flowering,
the coefficient of variation was strongly fluctuating in the range of 25-36%. The
stem height and number of stems of potato samples planted in the selection
nursery at an early stage are presented in Table 2.
Table-2
The biometric measurement results of the potato varieties “Sante” and
“Tashkent Ertagisi” planted in the selection nursery in an early planting
period
(in 2020-2021)
Varietal
samples
At the full flowering stage
Plant height at the
harvesting period
Color of
flower
Stem height
Stem number
сm
relative to
st, %
piece
relative to
st,%
сm
relative
to st,%
Santé (st) 50,0
100,0
2,9
100,0
53,2
100,0
white
Tashkent
Ertagisi
54,8
109,6
3,3
113,8
58,5
109,9
white
r=
0,87±0,13
r=
0,89±0,11
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The experiments showed that the stem height of the standard variety
“Sante” was 50.0 cm (100%) during the full flowering period, while in the
“Tashkent Ertagisi” variety it was 54.8 cm, that is 9.6% higher than the standard
variety, the number of stems in the “Tashkent Ertagisi” variety was 13.8%
higher than the standard “Sante” variety, and the stem height of the “Tashkent
Ertagisi” variety during the harvest period was 9.9% higher than the standard
variety.
During the period of full flowering of the plant, the correlation between the
height of the stem and the number of stems was r=0.87±0.13 in the standard
variety “Sante”, r=0.89±0.11 in the variety “Tashkent Ertagisi”, and the
correlation was strong in both varieties.
The indicators of stem weight, number of leaves and leaf surface per plant
of potato varieties planted in the selection nursery in an early period, are
presented in Table 3.
Table-3
The weight of stems per plant, number of leaves, and leaf surface of
potato varieties “Sante” and “Tashkent Ertagisi” planted in the selection
nursery in an early planting period
(in 2020-2021)
Varietal
samples
Per plant
Leaf
surface
Stem weight
Number of leaves
Leaf surface
m
2
/hа
g
Relative to
st, %
piece
Relative to
st, %
dm
2
Relative to
st, %
“Sante”(st)
380
100,0
384
100,0
55,4 100,0
33,7
“Tashkent
Ertagisi”
425
111,8
419
109,1
60,2 108,6
34,5
The potato varieties studied in the experiment had different indicators of
stem weight per plant, number of leaves, leaf area per plant and per hectare of
area. The standard variety “Sante” had a stem weight of 380 g, compared to
which this indicator was 11.8% higher in the new variety “Tashkent Ertagisi”,
and the number of leaves per plant in the variety “Sante” was 384 pieces,
compared to which this indicator was 9.1% higher in the new variety “Tashkent
Ertagisi”.
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Phenological monitoring and biometric measurement of the
“Tashkent Ertagisi” potato variety planted in an early planting period
The leaf surface per plant of the standard “Sante” variety was 55.4 dm
2
,
compared to which this indicator was 8.6% higher in the new “Tashkent
Ertagisi” variety. Experiments revealed that the leaf surface area per hectare
was higher in the “Tashkent Ertagisi” variety relative to the standard.
The yield results of potato samples planted in the selection nursery in an
early period were studied and presented in Table 4.
Table-4
The yield results of the potato varieties “Sante” and “Tashkent
Ertagisi”
planted in the selection nursery in an early planting period
(in 2020-2021)
Varietal
samples
Harvesting time, day
Yield
per
plant, g
Yield,
t/ha
Relative to
standard,%
60
70
80
Mean weight of tuber per plant, g
“Sante” (st)
102
140
181
423
24,1
100,0
“Tashkent
Ertagisi”
112
159
206
477
27,2
112,8
LSD
05
3,1
Sx,%
2,8
A dynamic analysis of the yield of the new “Tashkent Ertagi” variety and the
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standard “Sante” potato variety planted in the early season was conducted with
60, 70, and 80-day intervals. The research results showed that the tuber weight
of the “Tashkent Ertagi” variety increased by an average of 54 grams per plant
compared to the standard variety, as observed at the 60-70-80 day intervals.
In the standard variant, the yield of the “Sante” variety was 24.1 tons per
hectare, while in the new “Tashkent Ertagi” variety, this indicator was 27.2 tons
per hectare, which is 12.8% higher than the standard variety.
References:
1.
“Method of conducting experiments on vegetable, melon and potato
crops”, edited by Nizomov R.A., Tashkent, 2023.
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Abdukarimov D.T., Ostonakulov T.E. – Accelerated methods of potato
breeding and seed production in Uzbekistan. // Tashkent, 1991, –P. 15.
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Zuev V.I., Kadirkhojaev O., Buriev Kh.Ch., Azimov B.B. Potato growing.
Tashkent. 2005. – P. 336.
4.
Asnake, D., Alemayehu, M., & Asredie, S. (2023). Growth and tuber yield
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