MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
89
SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE PROVISION
OF PUBLIC SERVICES
Sagdullaev Ulugbek Axmadjon ogli
Republic of Uzbekistan, Samarkand Institute
of Economics and Service, Independent Researcher
Author's email address: ulugbeksagdullaev44@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15378180
Abstract:
In the world, public services are provided to individuals and legal
entities in a modern market manner as a special type of service provision in the
form of performing the functions of state and local authorities. The article
provides a brief description of scientific and theoretical approaches to the
provision of public services.
Key words:
state, service, population, post-industrial, public services,
service, service business, city, social initiative, citizen, initiative, transparency,
accountability, society, “smart city”, social service, post-industrial.
Annotatsiya:
Jahonda davlat xizmatlari xizmat ko‘rsatishning maxsus turi
sifatida jismoniy va yuridik shaxslarga davlat, shuningdek mahalliy hokimiyat
organlarining funksiyalarini bajarish shaklidagi zamonaviy bozor uslubida
taqdim etilmoqda. Maqolada davlat xizmatlarini ko‘rsatish borasida ilmiy-
nazariy yondashuvlar qisqacha bayoni keltirilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
davlat, xizmat, aholi, postindustrial, davlat xizmatlari, servis,
s
ervis biznes, shahar, ijtimoiy tashabbus, fuqaro, tashabbus, shaffoflik,
hisobdorlik, jamiyat, “aqlli shahar”, ijtimoiy xizmat, postindustrial.
Аннотация:
В мире государственные услуги предоставляются как
особый вид услуг физическим и юридическим лицам в современном
рыночном стиле в форме выполнения функций органов государственной
власти и местного самоуправления. В статье дана краткая характеристика
научно-теоретических подходов к предоставлению государственных
услуг.
Ключевые
слова:
государство,
сервис,
население,
постиндустриальный, государственные услуги, сервис, сервисный бизнес,
город, социальная инициатива, гражданин, инициатива, прозрачность,
подотчетность,
общество,
«умный
город»,
социальный
сервис,
постиндустриальный.
Introduction.
One of the main directions of reforms in the field of public
administration in our country is to radically increase the efficiency of the civil
service, develop a civil service model that meets the requirements of the present
day, while analyzing national and foreign experience in organizing and
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
90
reforming the civil service. This is of strategic importance as it forms an updated
and effective civil service system that meets the current level of development of
our society and world standards of the rule of law.
It is clear to all of us that the system of political, socio-economic relations
between the state and the population has been constantly updated throughout
the development of mankind, improving into effective, productive and effective
forms. In particular, the post-industrial nature of today's socio-economic
development has created a "service feature" inherent in the market approach to
relations between the population and the state.
Modern scientific literature, with a wide emphasis on the transition of the
traditional administrative approach to a business approach, explains the post-
industrial aspects of public administration by the use of concepts such as
“business model of the state”, “model of public service provision”, “model of
public service”. Undoubtedly, there is no full-fledged scientific interpretation,
explanation and definition of the “service nature” of relations between the state
and the population, but it is noteworthy that in the practice of advanced foreign
countries it has been implemented in practice as public service provision.
Main part.
Conceptual approaches such as public services, business model
of public administration, public service are largely aimed at further
strengthening the values of national statehood, taking into account social
support for citizens in administrative units, targeted use of budget funds on the
basis of saving expenditures on management, and on the other hand, achieving
utility based on increasing the subjective satisfaction of the population with the
activities of state bodies.
The policy of transparency, openness and openness in public
administration was previously defined as “...social initiative, citizen
participation and initiative, transparency, accountability, participation” which
primarily includes various mechanisms for implementing citizens' initiatives
and the mutual rights and obligations of the parties. Therefore, it is appropriate
to clarify their interrelationships and common aspects by comparing the
essence of these terms (Table 1).
Table 1
Service-oriented business models of public administration
1
Types
of
public
administration
Description
Serviced State
It reflects the provision of competent services to the
1
Developed by the author
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
91
population and entrepreneurs within the framework of
the functions and tasks of the state. These services
consist in determining the individual procedure for the
use of material goods, goods and services, while
simultaneously creating socio-economic benefits for
members of society and for the state.
Business City
Cities can further enhance socio-economic life activities
and create benefits by reducing negative environmental
impacts through the introduction of various forms of
intelligent services. In this case, cities fully cover all
situations in the socio-economic life of the population
with the provision of public services.
Smart City Model
According to this model, city government provides
services to the population that are economically
beneficial, socially unique, and environmentally
sustainable. The main role in this is attributed to the
city administration, which participates directly (e.g.,
developing
various
strategies/providing
services/facilitating decision-making) and indirectly
(providing regulatory and legal support) in creating
socio-economic benefits.
“State-as-a-Service”
Model
"In many countries, the state structure plays the role of
the customer, the buyer, and the population or business
entities play the role of the seller, the supplier."
In the studies of foreign scholars, the theory of modern public
administration (administrative management) promotes a managerial approach
and considers it “expedient to expand the participation of business entities in
managing it, partially excluding the priority given to the creation and
organization of material benefits for the population.”
At the current stage of social development, it is in many ways beneficial and
expedient for the state to play the role of a service provider and supplier, and
the population and business entities to play the role of consumers of these
services. Because today, due to the increasing standard of living of the
population and globalization, only some of the state’s permitting functions are
of primary importance.
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
92
In this regard, the principle of “state - service provider” is widely applied as
one of the most optimal solutions for public administration in a post-industrial
society.
We can justify the priority given to the concept of providing public services
by several aspects. Firstly, against the background of increasing multinational
diversity in the world, in individual countries, centuries-old experiences of state
administration do not have effective means to meet the growing new demands
of society, so there is an attempt to switch to business models. Secondly, the
achievement of international indicators assessing the effectiveness of state
administration determines the foreign economic and political activity of the
country, region. As a result, “... most countries of the world are constantly
participating in methods of modernization of business processes of state
administration (Business Process Reengineering), the UN Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) rating, the World Bank's Worldwide Governance
Indicators, the global e-government index, and the like” and improving the
country's position in them requires a transition to a business model of
management, decentralization of powers to the lowest possible level. Thirdly,
service economy relations require “... both the improvement of traditional state
functions and, where necessary, the expansion of the participation of the private
sector.”
It should also be noted that the diversity of opinions in scientific sources
regarding public administration, the business model of management and the
managerial approach makes it difficult to choose the most appropriate one in
the future and apply it in the conditions of a rapidly changing market
environment. At the same time, the gradual transition of the state to a service
model in many respects “... limits the possibility of transitioning to a large-scale
provision of public services, which is somewhat contradictory to the principles
of public management, and creating a unique “ecosystem” based on expanding
the participation of citizens and business entities in management”.
In the legislation of Uzbekistan, the concept of “public service” was initially
included in the “Regulations on the procedure for forming and maintaining a
unified register of public services, forms and forms” attached to the Resolution
of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 120 dated May 13,
2015. This regulation states that “public service is a service provided by state
bodies to implement the functions of state bodies at the request of applicants by
state administration, local government bodies and other state organizations.” At
the same time, the definition also states that other organizations may also
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
93
provide public service if the functions of providing public services are assigned
to them in accordance with the legislation. The regulation establishes that the
result of providing public service is the implementation of the rights, freedoms
and legitimate interests of applicants, expressed in the implementation of
relevant actions by state bodies in accordance with the regulations on the
provision of public services, including the provision of relevant information and
documents to applicants.
D.D. Chvilyov put forward the issues of assessing the quality of public
services, noting that “...the quality of public services should be assessed by
factors such as the standard of living, number and density of the population in
the region, the degree of saturation of the labor market, the technical and
technological provision of services, and that the quality of public services
reflects its usefulness.” In our opinion, D.D. Chvilyov’s approach to assessing the
quality of public services leads to the assessment of the same type of public
service at different quality levels in different regions or population locations
and reduces the possibility of its expansion.
O.A. Kostin’s scientific research studied the issues of providing public
services at the level of territorial self-government, and “...the provision of
services related to the formation of quality living conditions for the local
population” as well as the issues of planning and forecasting the population’s
demand for municipal services and financing. In our opinion, the approaches
put forward by O.A. Kostin are somewhat limited in their applicability in the
mahalla system of our country, which largely envisages the provision of state
services in regions that are financed by the state and receive appropriate budget
subsidies.
A.A. Smirnova recognized that “...social service is an action or actions in the
field of social services to provide permanent, periodic, one-time assistance,
including emergency assistance, provided to a citizen to improve his living
conditions and (or) expand his ability to independently provide for his basic life
needs.” Social services include, for example, free travel on suburban railway
transport, as well as to the place of treatment and intercity transport. In this
definition, the main emphasis is placed on social services, with great importance
attached to the needs of the population.
I.I. Savelev in his monograph “State and Municipal Services: Quality
Analysis and Evaluation Analysis” defined “state service - a normatively
established provision of a certain consumer with the use of a state-approved
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
94
opportunity necessary to obtain a certain useful measurable result in relation to
a certain state or municipal div”.
S.Y. Naumov noted that “...any action that a state div is obliged to perform
in relation to a citizen or organization is everything that the recipient has the
right to demand under the appropriate conditions. By law, the state includes:
passport, benefits, registration as unemployed, registration of real estate,
registration of mass media, as well as registration of marriage, subsidies,
extracts, information, advice, consideration of appeals, explanations; other types
of services”.
M.N. Ashirova studied the issues of the relationship between public services
and material goods and the categories of public services, and presented the fact
that public services are “...the implementation of the legal rights of consumers,
carried out by a state div responsible for the quality of its provision at the
request or initiative of consumers, and as a result, obtaining a certain privilege
that has commodity properties” and acquire a characteristic of material goods.
In our opinion, the emphasis in M.N. Ashirova’s approach on the provision of
public services by state bodies leads to a limitation of the participation of non-
governmental organizations in this area.
List of used literature:
1.
Smirnova A.A. O sootnoshenii gosudarstvennыx uslug, funksiy i
polnomochiy organov ispolnitelnoy vlasti. Jurnal rossiyskogo prava №3 – 2015,
120-130 str.
2.
Gosudarstvennыye i munisipalnыye uslugi: analiz i metodika osenki
kachestva : monografiya / I.I.Savelyev. — Moskva : RUSAYNS, 2017. — 136 s.
3.
Amelin R. V., Grigoryeva Ye. A., Podsumkova A. A., Filatova A. V., Channov S.
Ye. Kommentariy k Federalnomu zakonu ot 27 iyulya 2010 g. № 210-FZ «Ob
organizasii predostavleniya gosudarstvennыx i munisipalnыx uslug»
(postateynыy) / pod red. S. Yu. Naumova. Saratov, 2011. 214 r.
4.
Ashirova, M.N. Institusionalizasiya otnosheniy gosudarstva i potrebiteley
yego uslug. Avtoreferat dissertasii na soiskaniye uchenoy stepeni kandidata
ekonomicheskix nauk. / Ashirova Mariya Nikolayevna. Yujno-Rossiyskiy institut
upravleniya. Rostov-na-Donu – 2014.−26 s.
5.
O’zbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2015 yil 13 maydagi
120-son qaroriga 1-ilova “Davlat xizmatlari, shakllari va blankalari yagona
reyestrini shakllantirish va yuritish tartibi to’g’risida Nizom”
6.
Sadler Dj. Povыsheniye kachestva gosudarstvennыx uslug: opыt
Velikobritanii. URL: http://vasilievaa.narod.ru/10_3_00.htm.
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
95
7.
Ashirova M.N. Institusionalizasiya otnosheniy gosudarstva i potrebiteley
yego uslug. Avtoreferat dissertasii na soiskaniye uchenoy stepeni kandidata
ekonomicheskix nauk. / Ashirova Mariya Nikolayevna. Yujno-Rossiyskiy institut
upravleniya. Rostov-na-Donu – 2014.−26 s.
8.
BARAT-ALIYEVICH A. F., NODIROVNA M. S. THE ESSENCE AND
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CONCEPTS OF INNOVATION, INNOVATION ACTIVITY
AND INNOVATION ENTREPRENEURSHIP. – 2023.
9.
SAIDAKHMEDOVICH S. T., NODIROVNA M. S. TOLIBOVNA TD THE
REFORM OF PROFESSIONS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY, THE MOST IN DEMAND
IN THE LABOR MARKET OF UZBEKISTAN //Excellencia: International Multi-
disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521). – 2024. – Т. 2. – №. 6. – С. 278-
289.
10.
SAIDAKHMEDOVICH S. T., NODIROVNA M. S., TOLIBOVNA T. D. P. O. F. S. B.
AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT
OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF UZBEKISTAN //Excellencia: International
Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521). – 2024. – Т. 2. – №. 6. – С.
268-277.
11.
Мирзаева Ш. Н., Ашуров С. З. Анализ Инвестиционного Климата В
Узбекистане, Состояние И Перспективы //GlobalBiz Summit: Business and
Economic Strategies for the Future. – 2025. – Т. 1. – С. 72-75.
12.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S., KHURSHEDOVICH A. A. TOURISM
CLUSTERS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY //International Conference on Adaptive
Learning Technologies. – 2024. – Т. 5. – С. 133-141.
13.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S., KUVONCH R. EXPANSION OF THE
SERVICE SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF INNOVATIVE CHANGES IN UZBEKISTAN
//Gospodarka i Innowacje. – 2024. – Т. 48. – С. 90-98.
14.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S., ALIASKAR M. IMPORTANT
ASPECTS OF THE THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF MEASURING SOCIAL
CAPITAL //Miasto Przyszłości. – 2024. – Т. 49. – С. 167-174.
15.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S., MUROD S. DIGITALIZATION OF
SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SERVICE
SECTOR //Gospodarka i Innowacje. – 2024. – Т. 48. – С. 80-89.
16.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S., FIRUZA A. ECOTOURISM AS A
TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION
//International Conference on Adaptive Learning Technologies. – 2024. – Т. 5. –
С. 123-132.
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
96
17.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S. SUBHONZODA SH THE
EXPERIENCE OF OTHER COUNTRIES IN THE LEGAL REGULATION OF
ECOTOURISM //BOSHQARUV VA ETIKA QOIDALARI ONLAYN ILMIY JURNALI. –
2024. – Т. 4. – №. 5. – С. 122-131.
18.
Nodirovna M. S. Foreign Experience in Supporting Entrepreneurship and
Business Activity of Women. WEB OF SYNERGY: International Interdisciplinary
Research JournalVolume2, Issue 5Year2023ISSN: 2835-3013https //univerpubl.
com/index. php/synergy https://scholar. google. com/citations.
