МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
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REPLACE OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING (OOP) IN PYTHON
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Rajabov Azizbek Ravshan o‘g‘li
Asia International University, teacher of the "General Technical Sciences"
department
Abstract:
This article introduces the concept of object-oriented
programming (OOP) and its role in the Python programming language. The
article introduces global and local developments and legislation in the field of
programming, the theoretical part discusses the basic principles and practical
importance of OOP, and the conclusion discusses the benefits and future of
this approach. At the end of the article there is a list of used literature
Keywords:
Python, object-oriented programming, OOP, encapsulation,
inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, software, IT news .
Enter
News and changes in programming are happening every day. Today, approaches,
methodologies and their rules are being updated rapidly due to developments in
digital technologies and software. The IT sector of Uzbekistan is not exempt from
such updates. Today, Uzbekistan is adopting new laws and regulatory documents
related to the development of digital economy, support of talented young people in
the field of information technologies, organization and programming of IT parks.
Especially in programming, object-oriented programming (OOP) and its practical
applications are gaining a lot of attention among IT professionals.
As an example, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 "On the Development Strategy of New
Uzbekistan for 2022-2026" No. PF-60 , as well as information and communication
technologies implementation of priority tasks for bringing the field to a new level is
set as a goal
In the world, the principles of OOP programming are gaining importance in the
creation of artificial intelligence, automated systems, games and other types of
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ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
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software products. IT giants such as Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Facebook are
paying great attention to the application of OOP principles in programming because
it simplifies the software development process and enables better problem solving.
In Uzbekistan, the IT sector is also developing, adopting these principles, and as an
important part of the digital economy, there is a need to use modern approaches to
programming.
. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a software development approach in
which program components are defined as objects and interact with each other.
Programming with OOP becomes more convenient, understandable and extensible.
The four main principles of OOP are:
Encapsulation
,
Inheritance
,
Polymorphism
, and
Abstraction
.
1. Encapsulation (Encapsulation)
Encapsulation plays a very important role in the security of software. It combines all
the data (properties) and behavior (methods) of the object in one place, that is, in
one class. Through encapsulation, the object's data is protected from the outside
world and accessible only through the object's methods. This principle ensures that
data and functions are kept in one place, making code reuse easier and code structure
more robust.
For example, when creating a car model, it is possible to hide its internal information
(properties) and ensure that they are used only by the necessary methods. Accessing
this data through methods rather than directly helps prevent the user from entering
incorrect data and making unexpected errors.
2. Inheritance
Inheritance is one of the important principles in OOP, which allows the properties
and methods of one class to be transferred to another class. This reduces rewriting
of application code and ensures code reuse. Inheritance makes it possible to use all
the features of an existing class when creating a new class, which ensures code
integrity and makes it easier to update the program.
For example, there could be a public class called "Animal" that has public properties
and methods (such as "eat" or "walk"). Special classes such as Cat and Dog can
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ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
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inherit from the Animal class, adding their own properties and inheriting common
properties and methods.
3. Polymorphism
Polymorphism is one of the most powerful principles of OOP, allowing a method or
operator with the same name to behave differently in different classes. This principle
ensures different behavior of different objects with the same interface. An important
advantage of polymorphism is that it makes software extensible and allows adding
new functionality without changing the code.
For example, the method called "Drawing" is used to calculate the area of a circle in
the "Circle" class, and it is used to calculate the area of a rectangle in the "Rectangle"
class. Although the method name is the same in both cases, it behaves differently in
each class.
4. Abstraction (Abstraction)
Abstraction allows highlighting only important and necessary features and functions
in complex systems and hiding unnecessary details. Abstraction simplifies software
and makes it easier to manage. This principle hides redundant information and
reduces system complexity by providing users or developers with the functionality
they need.
For example, the "Car" object has parts visible to the user (wheels, color, etc.) and
internal parts (engine, transmission). The user works only with the necessary
features and is not interested in the internal working mechanism (details) of the car.
Practical importance of OOP principles
Each of these four principles is important in programming, making software easier
to manage, making the programming process more efficient, and improving the
structure of the software code. OOP principles are widely used in modern software
development because they make software robust, extensible, and flexible. Along
with the development of the IT sector in Uzbekistan, the principles of OOP are
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
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gaining more attention, which allows programmers and IT specialists to create better
and more convenient software .
Summary
The object-oriented programming (OOP) approach in the Python programming
language simplifies software management, makes the programming process
efficient, and enables code reuse. OOP principles are important in solving complex
problems in software product development. Nowadays, innovations in the field of
programming in Uzbekistan and around the world and new legal norms require
further study and practical application of the OOP approach. The skills of IT
professionals can be enhanced by deep learning and practical application of OOP
principles.
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