МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
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USE OF ALTERNATIVE VERSIONS OF LINGUISTIC TERMS IN
UZBEK IN SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES
Abdurahmonova Ra’no Qosimovna
Associate Professor (PhD), Head of the Department of Language Studies,
Namangan Academic Lyceum, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of
Uzbekistan
Abstract:
In recent years, the Uzbek language has undergone significant
transformations in its development and usage in various fields, including science and
academia. With the increasing globalization of knowledge and the need for effective
communication among scholars worldwide, the usage of linguistic terms in Uzbek
language has become a priority. However, the adoption of Western linguistic
concepts and terminology has posed challenges in finding equivalent terms in the
Uzbek language. As a result, scholars in Uzbekistan often employ alternative
versions of linguistic terms in scientific articles, which may have both positive and
negative implications. This article aims to explore the use of alternative versions of
linguistic terms in Uzbek language in scientific articles and provide a critical
analysis of the benefits and drawbacks associated with this practice.
Keywords:
linguistic terms, background, scientific articles, use of terms,
alternative versions, new researches.
Introduction:
Each language is a bright mirror that reflects in its entirety the
material and spiritual world of the people belonging to this language and is
inextricably linked with the work and social activities of a person. Therefore, any
reality or change that occurs in society, first of all, manifests itself in the language.
In the course of historical, socio-economic development, the vocabulary
composition of the language evolves and becomes richer, evolutionarily constantly.
This enrichment occurs at the expense of the emergence of new words, names that
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represent new concepts that arose as a result of the development of society. The
dictionary composition of the language, its lexical-semantic system, is constantly
changing, at the same time, words that represent the names of a concept or object
that have become unnecessary for society, go out of consumption as an archaic word,
and new words take its place. But the number of words out of consumption will be
much less than those that have just appeared. But in some cases, it can also be the
opposite. Of course, the withdrawal of dictionary units occurs on the basis of
linguistic and extralinguistic factors, on the basis of the nature of the language, the
laws of language development. Two main phenomena are observed in this:
1. With the loss of something-phenomena in society and nature, the words that
are their expressions also disappear, come out of the current language structure
(dictionary system) and become historical words.
2. In the process of language improvement, lexical units that cannot accurately,
fully and correctly express the essence of the thing-phenomenon go out of
consumption and replace them with the phenomenon. the dictionary units that
represent exactly and fully occupy.
The constant enrichment of dictionary content as a social phenomenon is
considered one of the most basic laws of language development. Lexical progress
occurs in different ways, to different degrees, at different periods of the development
of society. A new word is not invented, but arises at the expense of the word-making
elements that exist in the language, that is, the own internal capabilities of a
particular language. Invented words make up a very low number in different
languages. Russian linguist E.A.Zemskaya writes: "Let's think for a moment, let's
say that the new word was made completely unconnected with the old one. Without
it, language acquisition would come to a very difficult situation, or it would not be
possible at all. To make it more convenient to use the way to expand the content of
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the dictionary, the main thing is to express interconnected events in real life through
existing interconnected words in the language. Thus, the language interaction of
words reflects the interaction between the real object and the existing event-
phenomena (Zemskaya E.A. Kak delayutsya slova. Moscow, 1963). The vocabulary
content of the language is constantly enriched at the expense of new words, with
which the language also progresses. Terms make up the bulk of the new vocabulary.
The development of science and technology gives rise to new terms, at the same
time, terms set the stage for the development of science and technology. Already
terminologically, a science or production field that has not been scientifically
worked out cannot develop as expected. Any change in society, first of all, is
reflected in the language. At certain periods in the development of society, cases of
widespread use of the terminology of this or that area, going beyond the scope of a
certain narrow circle, are also observed in general speech. In particular, during the
years of independence of Uzbekistan, it can be observed that many terms related to
socio-economic terminology are absorbed into the unrestricted layer of the Uzbek
literary language and are widely used in public speech. Terms such as investment,
currency, banking, independence, market economy, conversion, spirituality,
national ideology, idea of national independence, academic Lyceum are actively
used in our language as the fruit of independence. As we have seen in the previous
chapter of our study, we can also observe a similar situation in the development of
Biblical terminology in the XV-XVI centuries. Because the flourishing of
librarianship during these times was able to exert its influence on the folk way of
life, in turn, on the colloquial language. In social life, what has entered the folk way
of life-along with phenomena, terms related to them are embedded in the language,
taking a wide place from the everyday speech of the people. Therefore, the content
of the lexicon of each language is constantly updated. At the same time, the
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phenomenon of withdrawal also occurs, when words that have lost their relevance
in the vocabulary of the language move into the ranks of archaic words. But the
phenomenon of the emergence of new words will be much higher than the
withdrawal of words from consumption.
Literature review.
The Andrew Miles (2015) paper highlights the identity of the Uzbek language
within Turkic languages, its grammar and lexicon. The article shows that language
policy is the result of government agency management in language development and
application. This process involves language planning undertaken in the former
Soviet Union with the aim of modernizing people. The article also highlights the
importance of the interrelationship between language and culture during the
Bolshevik era.
Later, Ror Translation & Literary Studies et al., (2017) article, which examines
the linguistic differences and difficulties that arise when translating new terms. This
article analyzes the translation strategies and methods of Arabization used to adapt
the scientific and technical terms transferred from English to Arabic into Arabic.
The results show that the process of assimilation into Arabic is effectively used in
the naturalization of foreign terms.
Nazira, (2019), on the other hand, analyzes the problems of morphology and
orthography in Uzbek in the 1920s. In this article, the requirement to adapt the
orthography of foreign words to the rules of vowel harmony and in the process, the
works of Fitrat are studied. The article shows how morphological concepts and terms
are represented by different names, which contributes to a deeper understanding of
terminological problems in Uzbek linguistics.
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Thus, these articles are important in the analysis of problems and solutions that
arise in the process of applying alternative versions of linguistic terms in the Uzbek
language.
Analysis and Results.
The adoption of Western linguistic concepts and terminology has posed several
challenges for the Uzbek language. One of the primary concerns is the lack of
equivalent terms in the Uzbek language, which has led to the use of loanwords and
calques. Loanwords are words borrowed from another language, whereas calques
are loan translations, where a word or phrase is translated into the target language.
While loanwords and calques have enriched the Uzbek language, they can also
create confusion among readers unfamiliar with the original terms.
Alternative Versions of Linguistic Terms
To address the challenges of linguistic borrowing, scholars in Uzbekistan have
employed alternative versions of linguistic terms in scientific articles. These
alternative versions often involve using Uzbek-language equivalent terms or
inventing new terms based on existing word roots and prefixes. For example, instead
of using the English term "cognate," Uzbek scholars might use the term "o’xshash"
or "kognat." While these alternative versions may facilitate communication among
Uzbek-speaking scholars, they can also create confusion among readers unfamiliar
with the local terminology.
Benefits of Alternative Versions
Despite the potential drawbacks, the use of alternative versions of linguistic
terms in Uzbek language has several benefits. Firstly, it enables Uzbek scholars to
communicate complex concepts and ideas in their native language, promoting
linguistic diversity and equal access to knowledge. Secondly, the use of local
terminology can enhance the clarity and simplicity of scientific articles, making
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them more accessible to readers who may not be familiar with Western linguistic
concepts. Finally, the creation of new terms based on existing word roots and
prefixes can enrich the Uzbek language, contributing to its development and
evolution.
Drawbacks of Alternative Versions
While the use of alternative versions of linguistic terms in Uzbek language has
several benefits, it also has some drawbacks. One of the primary concerns is the
potential for confusion among readers unfamiliar with the local terminology. This
can lead to misinterpretation of scientific articles, undermining the validity of
research findings. Furthermore, the use of alternative versions can create barriers for
Uzbek scholars who wish to publish their research in international journals or engage
in discussions with colleagues worldwide. The use of local terminology may limit
the global reach and impact of Uzbek-language research, as readers unfamiliar with
the terminology may find it challenging to understand the content.
Conclusion.
The use of alternative versions of linguistic terms in Uzbek language in
scientific articles is a complex issue with both benefits and drawbacks. While it
enables Uzbek scholars to communicate complex concepts and ideas in their native
language, it can also create confusion among readers unfamiliar with the local
terminology. To address these challenges, it is essential to strike a balance between
using local terminology and ensuring that scientific articles are accessible to a
broader audience. One potential solution is to provide glossaries or translations of
local terms, enabling readers to understand the content more easily. Additionally,
Uzbek scholars can adopt a hybrid approach, using both local and Western linguistic
concepts and terminology to facilitate effective communication among scholars
worldwide.
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Recommendations
Based on this analysis, the following recommendations are made:
1.
Develop glossaries or translations of local terms to facilitate readers'
understanding of scientific articles.
2.
Adopt a hybrid approach, using both local and Western linguistic
concepts and terminology to ensure effective communication among scholars
worldwide.
3.
Establish guidelines for the use of alternative versions of linguistic
terms in Uzbek language, ensuring consistency and accuracy in scientific articles.
4.
Promote linguistic diversity and equal access to knowledge by
supporting the development of local terminology in various fields, including STEM.
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