Pathology

The monograph contains reliable results of immunological imbalance in migraine in children and adolescents, as well as data on the effectiveness of including immunomodulatory drugs in migraine in standard therapeutic measures, which will reduce the risk of progression and chronicity of cephalalgia.
The monograph is intended for neurologists and physicians of related specialties, as well as for graduate students and clinical residents.

General characteristics and prevalence of echinococcosis. Echinococcosis (Echinococcosis) (syn.: single-chamber (hydatidosis-echinococcosis, echinococcosis, echinicoccus granulosus, echinococcus disease - English) is a chronic disease in which solitary or multiple cystic formations develop in the liver, lungs, and much less often in other organs. The causative agent is the larval stage of tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus [23, 25]. The larval stage, growing, developing and living in the human body for decades, is represented by a round or oval cyst filled with liquid.

According to world statistics, in recent decades, the frequency of chronic pathology among the child population has significantly increased. Almost 60% of children have chronic diseases. The prevalence of allergic [4], cardiovascular, bronchopulmonary diseases, diseases of the urinary system, gastrointestinal tract, and nasopharynx is more than 50%. Social damage due to this pathology is exacerbated by the tendency to its chronicity.

The usage of endobronchial autotransplantation of macrofagle cells of respiratory tract with poliox-idoniym, UFI, ozon fluid, lazer stimulation in children with chronic pneumonia positively influencedon the flow of inflammatory process in bronchus, that is has been confirmed by improvement of leukocyte index of intoxica-tion, endoscopic picture and cytologic bronchoalveolar – lavash fluid

Brucellosis (synonyms: Maltese fever, Bangui's disease) is a disease caused by various types of brucella, prone to chronic course, characterized by damage to the musculoskeletal system, nervous, reproductive and other systems. Chronic brucellosis (BC) is a zoonotic infectious-allergic disease that causes caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, which lasts more than six months, is characterized by a pronounced polymorphism of clinical manifestations with a predominant lesion of the musculoskeletal, nervous, genitourinary, and other systems, with a tendency to recurrent course. The share of children under the age of 14 in the total incidence of "newly diagnosed" CD increased almost 3 times - from 5 to 15%, which is an indicator of the tense epidemiological situation for this infection. Group diseases of people with the number of cases of 10 or more cases are periodically recorded [10].

Numerous studies in recent years indicate not only the wide dissemination of simultaneous abdominal diseases, but unsatisfactory results of treatment of these diseases. In addition, a one-time surgical treatment of patients with two or three abdominal diseases is complex and not completely solved the problem.

The author shows the clinical and statistical study of the impact of various risk factors (age, sex, bad habits, dietary treatment, occupational hazard) for the development of pathology gepatopankreatoduodenalnoy system, the gravity of the current.

114 children with certain pathological changes in the dento-maxillary system with a permanent bite were taken under medical supervision for orthodontic treatment. Examination of the temporomandibular joint of patients with muscular-articular dysfunction was carried out by computer tomography (CT). In 71.4% of children with a distal bite, the head of the joint of the lower jaw is shifted up and back, while only in 28.6% of the head of the joint is located in the center. In 73.3% of children with a deep bite, the head of the joint of the lower jaw is displaced up and back, whereas in 26.7% of the displacement was not observed. According to our results, pathological bites occupy one of the main places in the pathogenesis of muscular-articular dysfunction of the mandibular joint, since displacement of the head of the joint of the lower jaw is more common with a distal and deep pathological bite.

58 patients with acute coronary syndrome with asymptomatic hyperuricemia were examined. The results of the study showed that ACS is accompanied by an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood, which tends to decrease during the recovery of circulation in the ischemic myocardium, which characterizes the significant activation of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which generates active forms of oxygen

This article deals with the complications of pregnancy in women with toxoplasmosis along with impact of it to the fetus and the course of pregnancy and its outcomes. The article gives advices about prenatal counseling and pre-conccptional care of women with toxoplasmosis.

Изучение клинических проявлений ВИЧ-инфекции в сочетании с туберкулёзом у детей

We examined 988 children aged from 3 till 6 years living in the Khorezm area and control group of 150 children of of Tashkent. The following methods were applied to inspection of children: kliniko-anamnesticheskiya, according to the analysis of fizikalny survey and primary medical documentation, and also instumentalny methods of research. By results of our research small anomalies of development and congenital defects of bodies and systems vyyavlit at children in ecologically unsuccessful regions by 3 times more often than at their contemporaries in ecologically safe region, a thorax and a backbone (50,3%) are characterized by the high frequency of combinations various the fenotipicheskikh and congenital morphogenetic options of development of skin (96,2%), the sky (81,6%), extremities and joints (77,5%).

According to recent studies, congenital malformations are found in 4.0-6.0% of newborns, and their share in the structure of infant mortality is more than 20.0% (Bochkov N.P., 2017). Down Syndrome (DM), a socially significant disease that is not amenable to treatment or postnatal correction, is a big problem for the family and society as a whole [R.J. McGrath. 2016).

Diseases of the digestive system in the structure of general morbidity of children occupy one of the first places, posing a serious health and social problem. There is a large amount of information on the mechanisms of formation and chronic gastroduodenal pathology. Л number of somatic disorders in adolescence is fraught with influence on the physical and sexual development at this age. In 76 adolescent girls (11 to 15 years) with chronic gastroduodenal pathology (CGDP), conducted a study of the timing of development of secondary sexual characteristics. For comparison, a control group from the region were selected, for 35 adolescent girls with the absence of chronic somatic diseases. In teenage girls with CGDP lagging behind in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in relation to healthy peers. These variations in the formation of the reproductive health of adolescents directly depend on the type CGDP as gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer lag relative to healthy peel's averages of 13.1% and in chronic gastritis 5.1%.

Hereditary, exogenous, multifactorial factors lead to the causes of anomalies in the development of female genital organs. The occurrence of genital malformations is attributed to the critical period of intrauterine development. It is based on the absence of fusion of the caudal sections of the paramesonephral Muller ducts, deviations in the transformations of the urogenital sinus, as well as the pathological course of gonad organogenesis, which depends on the development of the primary nocturnal. These deviations account for 16% of all anomalies. Anomalies of the development of the genitals often occur during the pathological course of pregnancy in the mother at different periods of pregnancy. These are early and late gestosis, infectious diseases, intoxication, endocrine disorders in the mother's body. In addition, anomalies in the development of female genital organs can occur under the influence of harmful environmental factors, occupational harmful effects in the mother, poisoning with toxic substances. Along with anomalies of the genitals, in 40% of cases there are anomalies of the urinary system (unilateral kidney agenesis), intestines (atresia of the anus), bones (congenital scoliosis), as well as congenital heart defects.

The purpose. Studying of features of formation of reproductive health at teenagers-schoolboys with chronic гастродуоденальной a pathology. Materials and methods. Investigated 178 schoolboys of teenagers with chronic gastroduodenal diseases (CGDD), and 75 teenagers with absence of chronic somatic diseases. An estimation of development of secondary sexual signs spent on the ball to an estimation of sexual development. The laboratory and tool researches (FGDES) are conducted. Results. With the years at teenagers with CGDD growth of cases of deviations in reproductive development in relation to healthy contemporaries is observed. At teenagers with CGDD since 11 years, backlog of development of secondary sexual signs was marked at 12,28 %, in 14 years-29,03 % of cases. At girls of teenagers with CGDD marked hypomenustral a syndrome (16,55 %), hyperpoliminorya (21,85 %), дисменорею (15,23 %,). Conclusion. Deviations in formation of reproductive health at teenagers in a straight line depends on kind CGDD so at stomach ulcer of a stomach and a duodenal gut backlog in relation to healthy contemporaries averages 13,1 %, and at a chronic gastritis of 5,1 %.

Подростковый возраст считается неблагополучным в отношении туберкулеза, что связано с физиологическими, психологическими и социальными особенностями подростков. Сопутствующие заболевания - фактор, снижающий резистентность иммунной системы и реализующий риск развития туберкулезной инфекции.

Проблема инсульта имеет большую медико социальную значимость из-за их широкой распространенности, высокой частотой смертности и инвалидизации. Токсическая энцефалопатия часто возникает у людей, злоупотребляющих алкоголь. Считается, что умеренное употребление алкоголя снижает риск развития инфаркта мозга, но много пьющие люди предрасположены к ишемическим инсультам вследствие развития у них ангиопатии, кардиомиопатий, аритмий и наклонности к гиперкоагуляции. Течение и восстановление утраченных неврологических функций после перенесенного инсульта при токсической энцефалопатии зависит от сложного взаимодействия морфологических, гемодинамических, психологических и иммунологических изменений. Все эти изменения в настояшее время изучены
недостаточно.

Заболевания гортани, приводящие к нарушению голосовой функции, у детей, занимают по частоте второе место (20,3%) в структуре хронической патологии ЛОР - органов. Актуальность данной проблемы объясняется  распространенностью, возрастанием частоты и переходом функциональных дисфоний в органическую дисфонию. При дальнейшем развитии ребенка, стойкое расстройство голосовой функции может приводить к ухудшению качества жизни, ограничению межличностных отношений, затруднению процесса социальной адаптации, что негативно отражается на общем развитии, нервно психическом состоянии и формировании личности ребенка. Тревожные, депрессивные расстройства могут способствовать развитию функциональной дисфоний. Значительную роль в возникновении функциональных дисфоний играют гормональные расстройства - чаще заболевания щитовидной железы. Другие причины - неврологические заболевания, такие, как болезнь Паркинсона и миастения, черепно-мозговая травма, нарушение мозгового кровообращения и др. Функциональные изменения обратимы, но в ряде случаев могут приводить к органическим изменениям гортани. Большинство исследователей связывают их с перенапряжением голоса.

The results of the studies revealed that SoJIA is characterized by varying stages of arthritis activity, severe course with minor and majorcriterias of the disease and frequent relapses, as well as with an extremely high level of laboratory activity as leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, progressive anemia, significantly elevated ESR, high levels of CRP and LDH.

This review article contains the main of risk factors of initialization and progression of chronic kidney disease. The data is grouped into tables for better demonstration.

The article presents the results of the investigation on the evaluation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation methods in children with systemic onset juvenile arthritis. The analysis of the obtained results showed that regular exercise in children with systemic onset juvenile arthritis activates movements in the joints, increases blood circulation in the joints and muscles, decreases muscle atrophy, improves the quality of life of patients, prevents complications and disability.

In 91 rabbits under conditions of experimental hypercholesterolemia, the effect of dipsacozide on the morphological, morphometric and planometric parameters of the liver and aorta was studied. Hypercholesterolemia caused phase changes in the morphometric parameters of the liver and ended with the development of fatty degeneration in the liver and atherosclerotic changes in the aorta. Correction with dipsaccoside sharply reduced these parameters.

Dilatational cardiomyopathy is a severe pathology in childhood, which requires careful study of clinical data and data from functional diagnostics methods (ECG, ECHO) at early stages of detection. This scientific study aimed to determine the clinical, functional features of dilated cardiomyopathy and nonreumatic myocarditis in
children. We examined 60 children with DCMP and 40 children with non-reumatic myocarditis aged from 2 months to 18 years, hospitalized in the cardioreumatology department of the Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center for Pediatrics of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy children.

Uterine malformations are congenital changes in the female genital organs, from underdevelopment to non—fusion of the Muller ducts with the formation of septa. According to some authors, abnormalities of uterine development occur in 25% of patients with disorders in the reproductive system.