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COMPARISON OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK PROVERBS
Djumambetova G.K.
Assistant teacher, English Language and Literature Department
KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan
Tel: +99897 2201012
Yusupbayev A.
2
nd
year student, KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan
A proverb is a concise, figurative, meaningful, and wise phrase or sentence created by a person
based on life experience, usually with instruction. Proverbs show life experiences of the ancestors with
their attitudes toward society, history, mood, ethical and aesthetic feelings, and positive qualities. It has
been honed among the people for centuries, and has taken a concise and simple poetic form.
Demonstrating the beauty of any language, the subtlety and charm of our speech, the logic of our intellect
and thinking, such artistic layers is a vivid mirror of the centuries-old life experiences and way of life of
our people. Proverbs are so common and have been used for centuries in lively conversations and
interactions as well as in works of art and science. One of the factors that reflect the culture of the nation,
the identity of the people, and the national values is the oral art of the people, which is unique to each
nation.
Folklore is a unique masterpiece. One of the most important genres of folklore, proverb, is one of
the most significant topics studied in linguistics. The genre of proverbs in folklore has been enriched in
number and content throughout history. Proverbs can become obsolete over time and new patterns can
emerge. That is why folklore scholars have been organizing expeditions on proverbs to remote villages in
their countries for centuries and have been collecting unique proverbs from the vernacular on various
topics from year to year. Proverbs are examples of the wisdom accumulated over time by the peoples of
the world. From proverbs, people use concepts specific to educational issues with reverence, at the
expense of the most important wealth left by their ancestors. From a literary point of view, it is useful to
enhance the artistry of the work and to ensure the fluency of the artistic language. Regardless of the
language or ethnicity, we can see the similarities and differences between their folklore. The similarities
are that the issues of upbringing are very similar to each other, regardless of religion and nationality.
Upbringing is almost the same in every family. But differences in religions, differences in the will of
nations, make a difference. It should also be noted that the proverbs of each country differ depending on
the history of creation and the way of expressing the way of life of the people. There are similarities
between English and Uzbek proverbs. For example;
English form: ―Promise little, but do much‖.
Uzbek form: ―
Va'da quruq, bajarilsa — ulug‗‖. The meaning of this proverb
is that not to give too
much proverb that one might never keep, as you may not be able to keep them. It leads to disappointmeny
and resentment. It is the best to make the promises and then do more than you were intending to.
English form: ―Hope for the best and prepare for the worst‖.
Uzbek form: ―Yaxshiga umid bog‗la, yomonga o‗zingni shayla‖. This proverb means
to have a
hope that a positive occurrence will happen, while simultaneously readying for a negative outcome.
English form: ―Hear twice before you speak once‖.
Uzbek form: ―Ikki marta tinglab, bir marta gapir‖. It‘s easy to spurt out something without really
thinking about it. Before you speak, make sure that you mean what you say. Stand by what you do say,
and follow through.
There are some types of proverbs in English language when we compare with Uzbek proverbs,
we can see the same metaphorical forms which represent similar general meanings, however they cannot
be translated directly into Uzbek. For instance; Example is better than precept - Yuz shirin nasihatdan
bitta o`rnak yaxshi.
Experience is the mother of wisdom - Bir sinalgan tajriba yetti kitobdan afzal.
Wise men learn by other men's mistakes, fools by their own - Aqlni beaqldan o'rgan
What may be done at any time will be done at no time - Vaqtning qadrini bilmagan o‘z qadrini
bilmas.
A good conscience is a continual feast- Insofli odam oshini yer, insofsiz odam boshini.
Have not thy cloak to make when it begins to rain - Avval otingni taqala, keyin yo'l tanla.
An honest man's word is as good as his bond - Rost gap - haq gap, haq gap - naqd gap.
To hitch one's wagon to a star - Osilsang baland dorga osil, oyog'ing yerga tegmasin
Uzbek form: ―Yalqovga eshik ostonasi ham tog` tepasidek ko`rinadi‖.
English form: ―For the lazy man a threshold becomes a mountain pass‖.
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Uzbek form "bir tovuqqa ham don kerak, ham suv kerak".
English form: ―One chicken needs both grain and water‖.
In short, proverbs have very deep meaning, regardless of the language or culture. We are also
convinced that proverbs are the jewel of folklore, which reflects the wisdom of the people, the spirit of
the nation, its culture. The number of religious, cultural, and morally similar proverbs, especially in
English and Uzbek, is invaluable. When we consider the genre of proverbs, which is folklore from each
country, we can see how distinct it is.
REFERENCES:
1.
The Book of Proverbs (1965), ed. by Paul Rosenzweig, and The Oxford Dictionary of English
Proverbs (1970), ed. by W. G. Smith and F. P. Wilson.
2.
Mieder W. International Proverb Scholarship. New York: Garland Publishing, 1993. P. 27-63.
3.
―O‘zbek xalq maqollari‖ T.Mirzayev, A. Musaqulov. «Sharq» nashriyot-matbaa aksiyadorlik
kompaniyasi bosh tahririyati. Toshkent (2005)
4.
Usmonova, G. (2020). Borrowings of English vocabulary and their distinctive features.
ФРАНЦУЗ ТИЛИДА ФРАЗЕОЛОГИК БИРИКМАЛАР ТАСНИФИ
Маматов A.E.
профессор, Ўзбекистон Миллий университети, Ташкент, Ўзбекистон
Абдуллаева
Ф.
стажѐр ўқитувчи, Бердақ номидаги ҚДУ
Нукус, Ўзбекистон
firdavsxonabdullayeva92@gmail.com
тел: +998937711666
Бизга маьлумки тиллар, сўз бирикмалар ва иборалар орқали нутқ жараѐнида ўз ифода
имкониятини, маьносини янада кучайтиради.
Шу мақсадда ушбу битирув малакавий ишини француз тили фразеологик ибораларини
ифодаланиши ва уларнинг ўзига хос хусусиятлари кенг маънода ѐритиб беришга бағишланди.
―Фразеология‖ сўзи икки маънода, яъни умумий тилшуносликнинг турғун сўз
бирикмаларини ўрганувчи махсус қисми бўлиб, кенг маънода мустақил шахобчадир. Тор маънода
бирон бир ѐзувчининг асарларидаги фразеологик ибораларни ўрганишдир. Одатда, сўз
бирикмалари иккига: эркин сўз бирикмалари ва турғун сўз бирикмалари (фразеологик
ибораларга)га ажратилади.
Агар эркин сўз бирикмалари нутқ жараѐнида хосил қилинса
(un bon livre-яхши китоб, un
livre intèressant-қизиқарли китоб)
,турғун сўз бирикмалари (фразеологик иборалар) тайѐр
бирликлар, лексик бирликлар сифатида олдиндан ясалган бўлади. Фразеология айнан шу
тайѐр,олдиндан ясалган турғун сўз бирикмаларини ўрганади. Нутқ жараѐнида, одатда, эскирган
иборалар қўлланилади. Бир феълнинг ҳар-хил тўлдирувчилар билан бирикиши фразеологик
бирликларни юзага келтиради. Масалан:
on vise un but
(мақсадни кўзламоқ), бироқ:
on vise à un
emploi
(пайига тўшмоқ),
on manque une visite (une leçon un train)
– дарсга, поездга келмаслик,
бироқ
on manque de patience, de respect
(сабрсизлик қилмоқ,ҳурмат қилмаслик).
Фразеологик ибораларнинг кўпчилиги семантик (маъно) бутунлиги (бирлиги) билан
характерланади.
Фразеологиянинг мақсади турғун сўз бирикмаларини (фразеологик ибораларни) аниқлаш,
уларни таснифлаш, уларнинг тилда пайдо бўлиш сабабларини очиб бериш, уларнинг характерли
хусусиятларини ўрганишдан иборатдир. Эркин ва турғун сўз бирикмалари ўртасида кескин чегара
йўқ. Турғун сўз бирикмалари тилда эркин сўз бирикмаларининг лексик бирликка ўтиши
натижасида пайдо бўлади. Масалан:
laver la tète à son fils
– (ўғлининг бошини ювмоқ- эркин сўз
бирикмаси) –
laver la tète pour sa mauvaise conduite
(ѐмон хулқи учун бошни қотирмоқ – турғун сўз
бирикмаси),
prendre le taureau par les cornes
(хўкизнинг шохидан тутмоқ ) эркин сўз бирикмаси) –
prendre le taureau par les cornes
(фурсатни ўтказмай, дадиллик билан ишга киришмоқ – турғун сўз
бирикмаси).
Эркин ва турғун сўз бирикмаларининг чуқур узвий боғланганлиги грамматика билан
лексикологиянинг ўзаро чамбарчас боғланганлигини билдиради. Уларнинг тез-тез метафорик
ишлатилиши туфайли илгари эркин сўз бирикмаси бўлган иборалар боғланган фразеологик
бирикма ва фразеологик иборага айланади ва ягона маъно бирлигига эга бўлади.
