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MILLIY INNOVATSION TIZIMNI TRANSFORMATSIYALASH KONSEPSIYALARI
VA NAZARIY YONDASHUVLAR
Azimov B.F.
Osiyo xalqaro universiteti dotsenti
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15736221
Milliy innovatsion tizimni (MIT) transformatsiyalash tushunchasi, keng ma’noda, uning
tarkibiy, institutsional va funksional o‘zgarishlarga moslashuv jarayonini anglatadi.
Transformatsiya — bu nafaqat tashkilotchilik modellarining yangilanishi, balki innovatsiya
jarayoniga ta’sir etuvchi barcha subyektlar o‘rtasidagi munosabatlar, resurs taqsimoti va bilimlar
ayirboshlash tizimining ham qayta shakllanishi demakdir. Bu jarayon zamonaviy innovatsiya
nazariyasida asosan evolyutsion, institutsional va ekosistema yondashuvlari orqali tushuntiriladi
(Nelson, 1993; Edquist, 2005).
Evolyutsion yondashuvga ko‘ra, innovatsion tizimlar statik emas, balki doimiy ravishda
murakkab muhitda moslashishga majbur bo‘ladi. Bu konsepsiyada innovatsiyalarning paydo
bo‘lishi va rivojlanishi bozordagi raqobat, resurslar taqchilligi, texnologiya murakkabligi kabi
tashqi omillar bilan izohlanadi (Dosi, 1982). Masalan, sanoat 4.0 sharoitida innovatsion tizim
raqamlashuv, sun’iy intellekt, IoT va ma’lumotlar tahlili asosida qayta shakllanishi lozim.
Institutsional yondashuv esa innovatsiyani faqat texnologik yangilik emas, balki ijtimoiy
institutlar, madaniy meyorlar va iqtisodiy mexanizmlar o‘rtasidagi munosabatlar natijasi sifatida
baholaydi. Bu yondashuv Lyundvallning ta’rifida yaqqol ko‘rinadi: u ta’lim, tadqiqot, biznes va
davlat institutlari o‘rtasidagi tarmoqli o‘zaro ta’sirni MITning asosiy manbai deb hisoblaydi
(Lundvall, 1992).
Tarixiy nuqtai nazar:
XX asr oxirida MIT ko‘proq davlat himoyasidagi tizim sifatida faoliyat yuritardi. Ilmiy markazlar
va akademiyalar asosiy innovatsiya subyektlari sanalgan. 1990-yillarda evolyutsion nazariyalar
paydo bo‘ldi: innovatsiyalarning shakllanishi tashqi muhit o‘zgarishiga reaksiya sifatida ko‘rila
boshlandi (Dosi, 1982).
Zamonaviy tendensiyalar:
MIT transformatsiyasida nazariy modellar ham rivojlandi. Triple Helix (universitet–sanoat–davlat),
Quadruple Helix (jamiyatni ham jalb qiluvchi), va Mode 3 bilimlarni integratsiya qiluvchi
konsepsiyalar keng tarqaldi (Carayannis & Campbell, 2012). Bugungi kunda innovatsiya jarayonida
jamoatchilik, madaniyat, kommunikatsiya, ijtimoiy tarmoqlar va raqamli platformalar ham faol
ishtirokchi sifatida baholanadi.
O‘zbekistonda hali ham transformatsiya jarayonlari to‘liq shakllanmagan. Ilmiy muassasalar
va biznes o‘rtasida o‘zaro munosabat zaif, xususiy R&D sarflari yetarli emas. Bu esa Triple Helix
modeli bo‘yicha funksional mexanizmlarning sustligini ko‘rsatadi.
Kelajak istiqbollari:
Kelajakda MIT transformatsiyasi Penta Helix modeli (fan, biznes, davlat, jamiyat, raqamli media)
asosida rivojlanadi. Bunda:
– sun’iy intellektga asoslangan tadqiqot,
– ochiq innovatsiya ekotizimlari,
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– raqamli infratuzilmada bilimlar almashinuvi markaziy o‘rin tutadi.
Innovatsion siyosatlarda “data-driven governance” va real-time monitoring tizimlari joriy etiladi.
Bugungi kunda innovatsion tizimni transformatsiyalashda "Triple Helix" va "Quadruple
Helix" modellari alohida ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Ilk model universitet, sanoat va davlat o‘rtasidagi
aloqalarni kuchaytirishni nazarda tutsa, Quadruple Helix modeli jamiyatni to‘rtinchi muhim agent
sifatida kiritadi. Carayannis va Campbell (2012) ushbu modelni "innovatsiya jarayonidagi bilim,
iqtisodiy qiymat, jamiyat va ommaviy kommunikatsiya o‘rtasidagi ko‘p tarmoqli hamkorlik" deb
ta’riflaydilar.
Shuningdek, "Mode 3" konsepsiyasida bilimlar almashuvi, faol interaktiv muhit, raqamli
ekotizimlar va keng jamoatchilik ishtiroki innovatsiya jarayonining markaziy omillari sifatida
e’tirof etiladi. Bu model ta’lim, fan, biznes va jamiyatning innovatsiya jarayonida teng huquqli va
o‘zaro bog‘liq agentlar sifatida faoliyat yuritishini nazarda tutadi.
O‘zbekistonda MITni transformatsiyalashga qaratilgan islohotlar 2017 yildan boshlab izchil
shaklda olib borilmoqda. Xususan, “Innovatsion faoliyat to‘g‘risida”gi qonun, texnoparklar va
innovatsion markazlar tashkil etilishi, davlat grantlari va venchur fondlar faoliyati shunday
o‘zgarishlarning amaliy ko‘rinishidir. Lekin hozircha MIT transformatsiyasining tizimli strategiyasi
mavjud emas. Masalan, Quadruple Helix modeli elementlari (ommaviy axborot, jamoatchilik
ishtirokchilari) hali to‘liq joriy etilmagan, ilmiy tashkilotlar o‘rtasida hamkorlik past darajada.
Xulosa qilib aytganda, MITni transformatsiyalash nazariy jihatdan turli
modellar orqali tushuntirilsa-da, amalda har bir mamlakat uni o‘ziga xos institutsional va
iqtisodiy muhitga mos holda shakllantirishi zarur. O‘zbekiston sharoitida raqamli
infratuzilmani kengaytirish, ochiq innovatsiya platformalari yaratish, fan-ishlab chiqarish
integratsiyasini kuchaytirish, va eng muhimi — jamiyat ishtirokini ta’minlash MITni
barqaror transformatsiyalashning asosiy yo‘nalishlaridir.
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