ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
155
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION: DISCUSS ITS MAIN FEATURES
Ziyadullayeva Mohira Tagayevna
Usmonov Jamshid Odil o’g’li
Mamatov Xasan Bozorboy o’g’li
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17532522
Abstract.
Globalization represents a complex and multidimensional process that has
reshaped the economic, political, and cultural dynamics of the modern world. This study aims to
define the concept of globalization and examine its principal features through an analytical
review of existing academic literature. The research identifies globalization as an evolving
phenomenon driven by technological innovation, liberalization of trade, and the rapid exchange
of information across borders.
Key words:
network society, global governance gap, globalization, Anthony Giddens,
influencing economic, political, social, cultural dimensions.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ: ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ ЕЁ ОСНОВНЫХ
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК
Аннотация.
Глобализация представляет собой сложный и многомерный процесс,
изменивший экономическую, политическую и культурную динамику современного мира.
Целью данного исследования является определение понятия глобализации и
рассмотрение её основных характеристик посредством аналитического обзора
существующей научной литературы. В исследовании глобализация определяется как
развивающееся явление, обусловленное технологическими инновациями, либерализацией
торговли и быстрым трансграничным обменом информацией.
Ключевые слова:
сетевое общество, разрыв в глобальном управлении,
глобализация, Энтони Гидденс, влияние на экономические, политические, социальные и
культурные аспекты.
Introduction
Globalization has become one of the most defining phenomena of the twenty-first
century, influencing economic, political, social, and cultural dimensions of human life. It refers
to the process of increasing interconnection and interdependence among nations through the
movement of goods, services, capital, information, and people. The acceleration of technological
innovation and international communication has significantly expanded global interactions,
transforming the world into an integrated system. Scholars often describe globalization as both
an opportunity for progress and a challenge to national sovereignty and identity. Therefore,
examining the fundamental features of globalization is essential for understanding its impact on
modern society and global development.
Literature Review
The concept of globalization has been analyzed from multiple academic perspectives,
including economics, sociology, and political science. According to Anthony Giddens,
globalization refers to the intensification of worldwide social relations linking distant localities,
emphasizing the role of modern communication and technology in shaping global interactions.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
156
Similarly, David Held and his colleagues argue that globalization represents a
transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions, generating
transcontinental networks of activity, interaction, and power.
Economists such as Joseph Stiglitz highlight the dual nature of globalization, describing it
as both a driver of economic development and a source of inequality between nations. In
contrast, critics like Dani Rodrik caution that globalization can undermine national policy
autonomy and lead to social instability if not properly managed. Furthermore, Manuel Castells
links globalization to the emergence of a “network society,” where information and
communication technologies reshape economies and cultures on a global scale.
Overall, the literature suggests that globalization is a multifaceted process with profound
implications for development, governance, and identity. While some scholars view it as a
pathway to prosperity and interconnectedness, others emphasize its potential to deepen
disparities and erode traditional structures.
Analysis and Discussion of Results
The reviewed literature reveals that globalization is not a singular or uniform process but
rather a complex interplay of economic, technological, and socio-cultural forces. Giddens
conceptualizes globalization as the intensification of worldwide social relations, emphasizing the
transformative role of modern communication technologies. His perspective highlights the
sociological dimension, where spatial and temporal barriers between societies diminish, creating
a “global consciousness.” This idea aligns with Held et al who describe globalization as the
restructuring of social and economic relations on a transcontinental scale. Both authors agree that
technological advancement acts as the primary catalyst, yet Held’s framework introduces a
stronger emphasis on the institutional and political mechanisms that sustain global
interconnectivity.
In contrast, economic scholars such as Stiglitz approach globalization through the lens of
economic integration and market liberalization. He acknowledges its potential to promote growth
and development, particularly in emerging economies, but warns that the benefits are unequally
distributed. This argument contrasts sharply with the optimism of early globalization theorists,
suggesting that the global economy perpetuates structural inequalities rather than eliminating
them. Similarly, Rodrik extends this critique by asserting that globalization may erode national
sovereignty and weaken governments’ ability to pursue independent policy objectives. His
analysis introduces the notion of a “global governance gap,” where international markets evolve
faster than the political institutions meant to regulate them.
From a sociotechnical perspective, Castells introduces the concept of the “network
society,” emphasizing that globalization is inseparable from the digital revolution. His model
portrays globalization not merely as an economic or political phenomenon but as a
reconfiguration of human interaction through information networks. This framework broadens
the discourse by illustrating how power, identity, and culture are increasingly mediated by digital
connectivity.
Synthesizing these perspectives, it becomes evident that globalization’s defining
characteristics—interconnectedness,
technological
acceleration,
and
institutional
transformation—carry both opportunities and contradictions.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
157
The convergence of markets and cultures fosters innovation and exchange but
simultaneously deepens divisions between developed and developing regions. Consequently,
globalization should be understood not as a linear process of integration but as a dialectical
dynamic—one that continuously reshapes global relations through tension, adaptation, and
negotiation.
Conclusion and suggestions
In conclusion, globalization emerges as a multidimensional and continuously evolving
phenomenon that reshapes the foundations of economic, political, and cultural systems
worldwide. The reviewed literature demonstrates that globalization cannot be understood
through a single theoretical lens; rather, it requires a holistic approach encompassing both its
integrative and disruptive dimensions. Scholars such as Giddens and Held highlight the
transformative role of technology and communication in linking distant societies, while
economists like Stiglitz and Rodrik underscore the uneven distribution of its benefits and the
erosion of national autonomy.
Castells further broadens this understanding by linking globalization to the digital
transformation that defines contemporary society.
The analysis reveals that globalization simultaneously promotes interdependence and
inequality, integration and fragmentation. Its defining features—technological advancement,
liberalization, and interconnectedness—present both opportunities for cooperation and
challenges to governance and social cohesion. Therefore, understanding globalization requires
not only acknowledging its potential for progress but also addressing its contradictions through
equitable policies and inclusive international frameworks. Only through such a balanced
approach can the world fully harness the positive outcomes of globalization while mitigating its
adverse effects.
References
1.
Castells, M. (1996). The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
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Giddens, A. (1990). The Consequences of Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University
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Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (1999). Global Transformations:
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Rodrik, D. (2011). The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World
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Stiglitz, J. E. (2002). Globalization and Its Discontents. New York: W. W. Norton &
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File:///C:/Users/UseR/Downloads/Telegram%20Desktop/2024-6-4%20(3).pdf
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ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
158
https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=ru&user=2KrNtnEAAA
AJ&citation_for_view=2KrNtnEAAAAJ:YsMSGLbcyi4C
https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=ru&user=jYmcHcQAA
