ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY: DIFFICULTIES IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Адизов Исроил Шукурович
Бухарский филиал Республиканского специализированного онкологического и
радиологического научно-практического медицинского центра.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7912921
Abstract.
This problem is not widespread enough to cause horror. However, such cases are
being recorded more and more often, which causes concern. The most common reasons for the
spread of cancer among children:
• excess solar radiation;
• passive smoking (early onset addiction to cigarettes);
• carcinogens contained in water and air masses.
• malnutrition that does not compensate for the deficiency of the child's div in vitamins,
microelements, macroelements, amino acids;
• eating a lot of food that is not suitable for a child (for any normal person who cares about
health, too). The list includes: smoked, fried and salted foods. Because of them, the div loses
strength and cannot resist the disease;
• poor heredity, but here a lot depends on what age category the child falls into.
Keywords:
children, oncology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention.
ДЕТСКАЯ ОНКОЛОГИЯ: ТРУДНОСТИ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ И ЛЕЧЕНИИ
Аннотация.
Эта проблема недостаточно распространена, чтобы вызывать ужас.
Однако подобные случаи фиксируются все чаще и чаще, что вызывает беспокойство.
Наиболее распространенные причины распространения рака среди детей:
• избыточная солнечная радиация;
• пассивное курение (раннее начало пристрастия к сигаретам);
• канцерогены, содержащиеся в водных и воздушных массах.
• неправильное питание, которое не компенсирует дефицит детского организма в
витаминах, микроэлементах, макроэлементах, аминокислотах;
• употребление большого количества пищи, которая не подходит для ребенка (для
любого нормального человека, который тоже заботится о здоровье). В список входят:
копченые, жареные и соленые продукты. Из-за них организм теряет силы и не может
противостоять болезни;
• плохая наследственность, но здесь многое зависит от того, к какой возрастной
категории относится ребенок.
Ключевые слова:
дети, онкология, диагностика, лечение, профилактика.
There are several types of tumors:
• embryonic: formed in the div when it is still in the embryonic state. They look like healthy
cells, so it's hard to spot a problem at this stage. In this case, the child is born sick;
• juvenile, arising in adolescence. Reason: degeneration of mature tissues. In most cases,
synovial cell carcinoma and osteogenic sarcoma are diagnosed in adolescence;
• neoplasms of the adult form are the most rare. But sometimes experts still make a diagnosis:
nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
230
If the problem was detected in time, then there is an excellent chance to save the child's life.
It is important that the treatment is carried out quickly and efficiently. This will increase the chance
of eliminating cancer and preventing recurrence.
Signs, oncology in children
The list of symptoms that should make parents wary includes:
• abnormally rapid weight loss, usually due to loss of appetite;
• unreasonable rise in temperature;
• changes in behavior: whims, forgetfulness, fatigue;
• increase in the size of lymph nodes;
• pallor of the skin;
• the appearance of shortness of breath;
• localized pain.
Diagnosis of pediatric oncology
It is much more difficult to detect cancer in a child than in an adult, since it may seem to
parents that the baby is healthy, even if the tumor has reached the last stage of its development.
Sometimes a problem is discovered quite by accident, for example, during a routine preventive
study. For this reason, it is so important to remember these activities. If the attending physician
suspects that the little patient is not all right, then he is obliged to send him for additional tests to
find out the situation. As a rule, a biopsy puts an end to this issue. This medical term refers to a
mini-surgery that involves removing a small piece of tissue from the suspicious organ and carefully
examining it under a microscope. This makes it possible to determine whether there is a disease or
not, what is its form and stage of development. The method that will be chosen to solve the problem
depends on the results obtained. But in some cases, for example, if the organs that make up the
circulatory system are in doubt, a bone marrow puncture is used.
Treatment of pediatric cancers
Doctors called pediatric oncologists and oncohematologists specialize in this. To eliminate
the problem, the child is visited in special departments that are in large hospitals. Otherwise, the
little patient is sent to specialized research institutes.
If we are talking about the prevention of cancer in adults, then we emphasize that in 70% of
cases the lifestyle that a person leads is important. In oncology, a "risk factor" is anything that
increases the likelihood of a disease. Each tumor has its own risk factors. In an adult, these are
obesity, physical inactivity, overeating and an unhealthy diet, smoking and alcohol, exposure to
toxic substances, and the presence of chronic diseases. However, lifestyle factors affect the div
for decades before leading to disease. Children get sick too early to blame their lifestyle. It is more
appropriate to analyze the lifestyle of their parents. There is an opinion that cancer prevention
should begin with the planning of pregnancy. Recently, experts are inclined to believe that
childhood oncology largely depends on congenital genetic defects. According to the data available
today, approximately 10% of all childhood cancer patients have a genetic predisposition. But
parents can reduce the harmful effects on the child's div in order to reduce the risk of DNA
mutations.
The main task of oncology prevention in children is the formation of such behavioral patterns
in them that will prevent the development of preventable oncological diseases in adulthood. I
would like to remind you that most of our habits are formed in childhood. Studies show that if
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
231
parents lead a healthy lifestyle and eat right, children are more likely to follow their example.
Never smoke. You can not smoke not only in the presence of children - tobacco toxins accumulate
indoors on your clothes, increasing the risk of cancer, chronic respiratory problems. Breastfeed
longer. The artificial mixture does not replace natural mother's milk with its antibodies and
valuable nutrients. For the full formation of the child's immune system and cancer prevention, 9-
12 months of lactation are needed.
Include greens in your children's diet. Cabbage, broccoli, watercress, spinach, parsley
contain a lot of antioxidants, flavonoids and vitamins
Give the kids more fruits. The conducted studies showed that children who did not eat fruits
at all, almost always suffer from one or another oncopathology in the future. The best vegetable
or fruit is home grown or 100% organic, purchased from trusted growers. More Phytonutrients,
Less Pesticides
Give omega-3 fatty acids. Cod liver, red fish, liquid fish oil or encapsulated forms of
omega-3 acids are the key to a strong immune system for a child.
Limit salt and sugar. Eat less processed foods and canned foods - such foods usually contain
excess sugar and salt. Try to cook at home with fresh ingredients.
Living near freeways, factories, and gas stations increases the chance that a child may
develop blood cancer (leukemia). There has been an increase in cancer upon contact, even
indirectly, with such chemical compounds and substances as benzene, cadmium, asbestos, coal,
uranium, nickel, aluminum, dyes and paints, petroleum products, radon, arsenic.
Limit digital gadgets. The safety of electromagnetic radiation has not been definitively
established.
Be careful with pesticides. Inside the house where children play, pesticides, herbicides and
other toxic substances cannot be used and stored. Many of them can cause lymphoma, leukemia,
and brain tumors.
Rid your home of toxins. Your home, especially the bedroom, kitchen and bathroom, should
become an environmentally friendly area. No vinyl curtains, no Chinese plastic, no air fresheners.
Less antibiotics. Inappropriate use of antibiotics kills beneficial bacteria, undermines the
immune system and predisposes to serious diseases in the future.
The ultraviolet spectrum of sunlight has already proven carcinogenic effects on div tissues,
especially on the occurrence of skin cancer. Protecting yourself from direct sunlight, avoiding
midday sun, staying in the shade, using sunscreen (with a sun protection spectrum of at least 50)
and appropriate clothing will help you and your child avoid the risk of skin cancer.
Exercise - physical activity saturates the div with oxygen, activates metabolic processes
and strengthens the immune system. It has been proven that if a child experiences sufficiently
intense physical activity for an hour, at least 5 days a week, this will significantly reduce the
appearance of excess div weight in him and, accordingly, the risk of developing cancer.
The sexual education of a child is the responsibility of the parents. If young people
understand all the risks and use protective equipment, then, for example, ovarian or cervical cancer
can be avoided;
Do not ignore vaccinations. Papillomavirus and hepatitis B virus play an important role in
the development of neoplastic diseases.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Creating a harmonious atmosphere in the family will help the baby avoid stress. Its influence
on the development of cancer has long been known.
It is important for parents to pay attention in time to the appearance of unusual signs and
symptoms in a child:
- the presence of swelling or tumor formation;
- pallor of the skin, increased fatigue;
- unexplained bruising, pain or limping;
-prolonged fever, frequent headaches and vomiting, sudden deterioration in vision, rapid
weight loss.
If you find one or more of the above symptoms in your child, do not panic, almost all of
them can accompany various infectious, traumatic or autoimmune diseases. But this does not mean
that when such symptoms appear, you should self-medicate. If you have any warning signs,
immediately contact your pediatrician or pediatric oncologist. Remember that neoplasms in
childhood are easier to treat than in adults.
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2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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