ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1223
INFLUENCE OF NATURAL-CLIMATE FACTORS ON ROAD AND VEHICLE
CONDITIONS
Isakova Gulkhan Qiyas qizi
A trainee- teacher of Karakalpak State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7979131
Abstract.
The article is devoted to the problem of the influence of natural and climatic
factors on roads. Influence of natural and climatic factors on road construction, regularities of
the moisture-thermal regime of the road base. The rise of the road surface from the ice on the
roads (deep). The influence of natural and climatic factors on the surface of the road surface and
the conditions for the movement of cars is presented.
Key words:
natural and climatic factors, road surface, highways, soil properties.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИРОДНО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ НА ДОРОЖНО-
АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ
Аннотация.
Статья посвящена проблеме влияния природно-климатических
факторов на автомобильные дороги. Влияние природно-климатических факторов на
дорожное строительство, закономерности влаготеплового режима дорожного
основания. Подъем дорожного покрытия ото льда на дорогах (глубокий). Представлено
влияние природно-климатических факторов на поверхность дорожного покрытия и
условия движения автомобилей.
Ключевые слова:
природно-климатические факторы, дорожное покрытие,
автомобильные дороги, свойства грунта.
Climate and weather are components of natural factors that significantly affect the transport
and operational characteristics of roads, the mode and safety of traffic, that is, the driving
conditions on the road and the mode of its operation. Roads are subject to constant and varied
impacts of natural factors. These effects can be divided into two types:
• impact on the condition of the floor and pavement as a supporting structure, resulting in
changes in its strength, durability and performance characteristics;
• affects the state of the road surface as if it were a slippery surface, as a result of which
the state of this surface changes, rolling resistance, road grip and, as a result, the interaction of
the car with the road worsen.
In addition, the condition of the car and the driver is influenced by natural and climatic
factors, as well as the entire environment, that is, all driving conditions.
Weather, weather conditions, weather conditions and meteorological conditions are used
as synonyms and mean the state of the atmosphere, characterized by a set of values of
meteorological phenomena, factors or elements at a certain time in a certain place Climate or
meteorological phenomena, elements (factors) - individual characteristics of atmospheric
conditions observed on weather stations (atmospheric pressure, temperature, air humidity, wind,
precipitation, fog, blizzard, etc., as well as their combination). Each meteorological factor is
characterized by the probability of occurrence (recurrence), duration of impact and subsequent
impact, intensity. Information on the duration and intensity of exposure can be found in climate
guides or obtained from the nearest weather station on the road.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1224
Climate
(climatic conditions) is a statistical regime of weather conditions over a long
period of time (from a year to several decades), that is, it is a natural sequence of atmospheric
processes in a certain area, the weather characteristic of this area sets the weather regime. The
microclimate
is the climate of a small area, due to differences in topography, vegetation, soil
conditions, water bodies, buildings, etc. The influence of metrological factors on conditions is
transmitted through the state of the road surface, the interaction of the car with the road and the
driver’s perception of traffic conditions, this means regular seasonal changes in the sublayer and
overlying layers. humidity and temperature.
Complex processes take place in the road structure (covering + subgrade): heating, cooling,
freezing, melting, evaporation, condensation, sublimation (a substance passes through a liquid and
immediately passes from a solid state to a gaseous state). As a result, processes of heat and mass
transfer or heat and moisture diffusion (HWM) regularly occur in the road structure, causing
changes in humidity and temperature.
In spring, the ground first melts under the road surface. At this time, the ice migrates from
top to bottom under the action of the liquid potential and its own mass and turns into a liquid phase,
which remains in the frozen, practically impermeable ground. A few days later, a water-saturated
state appears on the surface of the frozen soil - the upper part of the road surface under the subgrade
( Pic.5). The road surface loses strength, is destroyed by traffic, its material is mixed with liquefied
soil.
The impact of environmental factors on the road causes heat and moisture exchange in the
layers of the pavement and the road. This is a complex and interrelated process. Changes in
temperature cause migration (slow movement) of moisture. The accumulation of moisture and the
transition of moisture into another form contribute to the transfer of heat. Therefore, the processes
of heat and moisture exchange should be considered jointly. It has been established that the soil
and layers of coatings are breathable, and the holes in them communicate with each other.
Consequently, in the soil and floor layers there are conditions for mass transfer: air exchange and
vapor exchange. If soil moisture is less than its total moisture capacity, exchange is possible, i.e.
W
1
>W
2
. At full moisture capacity, all the pores of the soil are filled with a liquid phase and air
and vapor exchange stops.
In water-unsaturated soils, moisture is in a two-phase state: W
p
- water vapor is always in
a saturated state (relative humidity of air vapor d \u003d 100%) and Wl - liquid phase. The phase
ratio is constantly changing and depends on the total soil moisture. In frozen soils, an additional
solid phase appears - ice, the amount of which is proportional to the value of tb. At soil
temperatures t
T
below 0 °C, not all liquid phases turn into ice, partly due to salinity and molecular
forces arising from soil particles. The temperature of ice formation, depending on the
mineralogical composition of the soil, ranges from -0.5°C to -2.5°C for sands. Even at very low
soil temperatures at tg = -20...-50 °C, part of the liquid phase does not freeze. Therefore, the
diffusion of water vapor, the migration of the liquid phase and the formation of ice occur
throughout the winter period. The liquid phase evaporates and freezes, and the water vapor
condenses into a liquid or solid phase. Heat transfer in road structures occurs due to three
components. The main part of the heat is transferred from particle to particle due to thermal
conduction (conduction). The second component of heat transfer is the heat of phase transitions
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1225
during freezing - melting, condensation - evaporation, oblimation - sublimation. The third,
convective, component of heat transfer is insignificant (2...3%) and can be neglected.
The liquid phase moves due to the presence of two potentials - concentration and
temperature. Due to the first potential, the liquid phase moves from areas of high humidity to areas
of low humidity (concentration migration). This potential prevails when the liquid phase is
displaced (95...98%). Due to the second potential, thermal migration of the liquid phase occurs in
the amount of 2...5%. Thus, if two soil zones with the same temperature but different humidity
(W
1
> W
2
) come into contact, there will be migration from areas with higher humidity (W
1
) to
areas with lower humidity (W
2
). This can be explained as follows. With an increase in humidity
W
1
, the thickness of the water film increases, a decreases, r increases, and the vapor pressure pn
compressible by the water film increases. In this case, p
1
increases. Since p
1
> p
2
, moisture moves
from zone W1 to zone W
2
.
Road surface during soil thawing:
1 - liquefied soil; 2 - water units; 3 - line of soil freezing; GWL - groundwater level
When the wheels of the car hit the bottom, water accumulates on the surface of the road
through the cracks. As the soil thaws, moisture moves to the lower layers of the soil. Humidity
begins to decrease, soil strength increases, and subsidence stabilizes.
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Motilev, Y. P. Ustoychivost zemlyanogo polotna avtomobilnykh dorog v
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Efimenko, S. V. Primenenie informatsionnyx sistem pri utochnenii granits
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