ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
101
RAW MATERIAL BASE OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Ashikbaeva Gulaysha
Qdu, chemistry direction of the Faculty of Chemistry and technology
3rd year student
Abstract.
This article will talk about the raw material base of the chemical industry and
methods of enrichment of raw materials. Throughout the article, the topic is given reasonable
opinions and opinions within its framework.
Keywords:
methods of enrichment of raw materials, raw material base of the chemical
industry, use of concentrated raw materials.
СЫРЬЕВАЯ БАЗА ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ
Аннотация.
В данной статье пойдет речь о сырьевой базе химической
промышленности и методах обогащения сырья. На протяжении всей статьи теме даны
обоснованные мнения и мнения в ее рамках.
Ключевые слова:
методы обогащения сырья, сырьевая база химической
промышленности, использование концентрированного сырья.
The enrichment of raw materials. The necessary components for the same amount of raw
material in the composition of raw materials on the same network determines the concentration of
the computer. From raw materials in the chemical enterprise is trying to use this way because
konsentrlangan as possible to increase the intensity of the process and equipment, improve its
quality and reduce the cost price of the product will lead to.
The concentration of all raw materials, but in nature was beraveradi respond to the request
of the industry. Enriched raw materials to meet the requirements of the industry.
Compounds useful in the composition of raw materials that enrich
the concentration of the computer (amount) is said to increase on the basis of the artificial.
Gas, liquid and solid raw status is enriched, the gas in a condition of raw materials, mainly, by
way of filtration and cleaning is enriched; while in liquid condition and is enriched by raw tindirish
bug'latish. Of raw materials in an enriched condition is often hard. The enrichment process
industrial mechanical, chemical and physical-chemical methods is divided into.
Mechanical method of enrichment of raw materials. Based on various physical properties
(density, shape of flakes, strength, electrical conductivity, attitude to the magnetic field, degree of
dampness) of useful and non-destructive compounds, the most common of these are elation,
gravity, dry gravity, thermal and electromagnetic methods.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
102
Elash – elak a large variety of pulverized ore-evident to conduct based from the small hole,
namely when crushing ore minerals and rocks it useful bekorchi organization (or compounds) are
separated depending on the degree of stiffness bo'lakchalarga. Elak of slices over the openings of
pulverized elangan faction at this time, the part alohidaalohida to separate. Elak used in the
industry of two types: vertical (cylindrical shaped) and horizontal.
Gravitational enrichment of raw materials. Gravitational enrichment is based on the
different rates of deposition of mineral particles of different densities in the liquid and gas stream,
or the dense particles sink before, while the looser (lighter) particles sink later. The enrichment
scheme with this method is shown in Figure 1.1.
Water and air are often used as effluents in industry. Water and crushed ore are
simultaneously lowered into the bunker above, mixed with intensity, and rapidly lowered into
sequentially installed clarifiers. These incinerators are separated from the birbir by vertical
barriers, and bunkers (collectors) are placed at the base of each incinerator to collect minerals.
Mineral salts, raw materials used for production, metallurgical ores and coals are enriched.
Figure 1.1. Wet gravitational enrichment scheme:
I, II, III-immersion Chamber; 1-release of heavy (large-grain) fraction; 2-release of medium
fraction; 3-release of light (small-grain) fraction.
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VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Dry gravitational enrichment employs air separators operating on the centrifugal force
principle (figure 1.2). The Separator consists of a conical finished (2) cylinder (1). A conical (4)
cylinder is installed inside the cylinder, which is equipped with a wing-shaped fan (6), which is
driven by a tarelka (5) and an electromotor. When the plate and fan are moved, airflow is generated
inside the cylinder (in the direction indicated by the arrow).
When the crushed material is lowered into a rotating plate, it is scattered along the inner
cylinder cross section. Small parts of the material are expelled by air flow into the space between
the outer and inner cylinder, and they hit the outer cylinder walls and exit through the cone (2)
(crushed parts). Larger parts, however, fall into the inner cylinder itself and exit through the
cylinder (1), and this part is re-crushed and again introduced into the enrichment process.
Figure 1.2.
Air separator scheme:
1st cylinder; 2nd outer cone; 3rd inner cone; 4th inner cylinder; 5th turret; 6th fan rail.
Electromagnetic method of enrichment of raw materials.
Enrichment by the
electromagnetic method is based on the relationship of solid minerals to the magnetic field. Ground
ore splits in two after being transferred through a separator (separator) with a magnetic field, i.e.,
metals that are attracted to a magnet – minerals and non-magnetic metallmases
ISSN:
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2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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- minerals. The scheme of the electromagnetic separator is shown in Figure 1.3. In this
separator, the magnetic field is generated using an electric current. The electromagnetic method is
widely used in the enrichment of ores, mainly in the metallurgical industry.
Figure 1.3.
Electromagnetic separator (separator) circuit:
1-transporter Tape; 2-Transporter drum; 3-electromagnetic; 4,5-bunkers
(collectors).
Electrostatic separation of Idle Rocks.
Such a method is based on the electrical
conductivity of the components contained in the ores.
Additives in ores are separated from dielectricous rocks (e.g. gypsum, limestone, silicates, etc.
Thermal enrichment of raw materials. Thermal enrichment is different
based on the difference in the level of dilution of compounds, it is used in the separation of
useful compounds from Idle Rocks. For example, when a mineral consisting of a mixture of sulfur,
limestone and gypsum is passed through thermal furnaces, sulfur quickly liquefies, as it is an easily
liquefied substance, and leaks away from the rest of the compounds.
In addition, in increasing the concentration of the main components in minerals, it is also
thermally enriched, based on the difference in the decay temperature of the compounds in it. For
example, when thermally treated phosphites, the proportion of phosphate components increases
due to the breakdown of carbonates in them. In such enrichment, not only the main components
are concentrated, but also the chemical activity of raw materials for further processing increases.
Chemical enrichment of raw materials. The method of chemical enrichment consists in the
separation of a chemical compound formed by the reaction of compounds contained in raw
ISSN:
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2023
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«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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materials with chemical reagents in various ways (dipping, vaporizing, diluting, dissolving and
hokazo). For example, copper colchedane (CuFeS2) cannot be mechanically separated into CuS
and FeS because CuFeS2 is a chemical compound. The only way to distinguish these is by
chemical way, which means that if copper is burned and returned to the kolcheda, it is separated
from FeO to Cu2S. When this mixture is diluted in the presence of sand, the FeO becomes FeSiO3
and remains slag-like, while the Cu2S liquefies and flows out.
Flotation separation of Idle Rocks.
The physico-chemical (flotation) method is based on the
fact that the compounds contained in the mineral are soaked in the same liquid or solvent, and the
degree of solubility varies. Natural materials are divided into types that are well soaked in water
(hydrophilic) and poorly soaked (hydrophobic) according to their soaking.
When a crushed mineral is lowered into the water, the compounds that are soaked fall under
the water, while those that are not soaked rise to the surface of the water. This method is widely
used in industry and is referred to as flotation enrichment (figures 1.4 and 1.5). When minerals
containing copper, gold, silver, platinum are washed with sulfuric acid or ammonia, copper passes
into the solution. In addition to the increase in the concentration of raw materials as a result of any
enrichment process, it is always important to pay close attention to the fact that compounds being
excluded from it can be a valuable product for another industrial sector.
Figure 1.4.
Separation of non-wetting (a) and wetting (B) compounds.
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Figure 1.5.
Air-assisted mixing flotation machine:
1-reservoir chamber; 2-barriers; 3-pipe; 5-collector.
Concentration of solutions. Liquid solutions of various substances are concentrated by
crystallizing the solute by evaporating or cooling the solvent.
When the solvent is evaporated from the solution, the concentration of solutes in it increases.
Raw materials are also enriched by crystallizing solutes by cooling the solution using the
different solubility of the components contained in the minerals in the solvent and this solubility
depends on temperature.
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ISSN:
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International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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