ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
311
A CROSS-LINGUISTIC EXAMINATION OF SENTENCE STRUCTURES: AN IN-
DEPTH ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND KARAKALPAK LANGUAGES
Lepesbaeva Aysuliu
a Master's student of the Faculty of Foreign Languages at KSU
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10354524
Abstract.
This scientific article delves into a comprehensive cross-linguistic investigation,
offering a detailed analysis of sentence structures in English and Karakalpak languages. Focusing
on syntactic, morphological, and semantic dimensions, our study aims to uncover the intricate
differences and commonalities that shape the linguistic fabric of these distinct languages.
Employing a comparative approach, we explore word order, sentence constituents, and semantic
roles, shedding light on how these languages encode and convey meaning within simple sentences.
The findings contribute to the broader understanding of linguistic diversity and provide valuable
insights for language educators and researchers.
Keywords:
Word Order, Auxiliary Verbs, Inflections, Verb Conjugation, English
Language, Karakalpak Language, Linguistic Representation, Syntactic Structure, Morphological
Analysis.
МЕЖЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУР ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ:
УГЛУБЛЕННЫЙ АНАЛИЗ АНГЛИЙСКОГО И КАРАКАЛПАКСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ
Аннотация.
Эта научная статья представляет собой комплексное
межлингвистическое исследование, предлагающее подробный анализ структур
предложений в английском и каракалпакском языках. Сосредоточив внимание на
синтаксических, морфологических и семантических аспектах, наше исследование
направлено на раскрытие сложных различий и сходств, которые формируют языковую
ткань этих разных языков. Используя сравнительный подход, мы исследуем порядок слов,
составляющие предложения и семантические роли, проливая свет на то, как эти языки
кодируют и передают смысл в простых предложениях. Полученные результаты
способствуют более широкому пониманию языкового разнообразия и дают ценную
информацию преподавателям языков и исследователям.
Ключевые слова:
порядок слов, вспомогательные глаголы, флексии, спряжение
глаголов, английский язык, каракалпакский язык, лингвистическая репрезентация,
синтаксическая структура, морфологический анализ.
Languages represent a rich tapestry of structures, each contributing to the unique
expression of human thought. This study endeavors to unravel the complexities of sentence
structures in English and Karakalpak, drawing attention to the syntactic, morphological, and
semantic intricacies that distinguish these languages.
English and Karakalpak exhibit distinct approaches to verb conjugation within the context of
simple sentences.
English:
The English language relies on a sophisticated system of verb conjugation, especially
concerning tense, aspect, and mood. Auxiliary verbs, such as "to be," "to have," and modal verbs
like "will" or "can," work in tandem with the base verb to convey specific meanings. For instance,
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
312
the verb "to run" can transform into various forms like "is running," "has run," or "will run," each
indicating different temporal, aspectual, or modal nuances. This complex interplay of auxiliary
verbs and base verbs adds layers of meaning to simple sentences, enabling English speakers to
express precise temporal relationships and nuances of action. [1.104]
Karakalpak:
In contrast, Karakalpak employs a more direct method for marking verb forms within
simple sentences. Rather than relying on auxiliary verbs, the language utilizes inflections directly
on the verb itself to convey information about tense, aspect, and mood. For example, the verb "oqı"
(to read) in Karakalpak undergoes changes in its form to indicate variations such as "oqıp atırman"
(I am reading), "oqıp atırǵan joqsız" (you are not reading), or "oqıdım" (I have read). These
inflections, inherent to the verb root, streamline the process of conveying grammatical features
within the verb, showcasing the efficiency of Karakalpak's morphological structure.
Agreement Markers:
The concept of agreement markers, which indicate concordance between different elements
of a sentence, manifests differently in the subject-verb relationship in English and Karakalpak.
[2.83]
English:
English commonly employs auxiliary verbs for subject-verb agreement. These auxiliary
verbs change form based on the person, number, and sometimes gender of the subject. For instance,
in the sentence "She works," the auxiliary verb "works" agrees with the third-person singular
subject "She." In questions, the auxiliary verb is often inverted with the subject, as seen in "Does
he work?"
Karakalpak:
In Karakalpak, subject-verb agreement is achieved through inflections on the verb itself.
The verb form changes to match the person and number of the subject. For instance, the verb "oqı"
(to read) in Karakalpak adapts to different subjects, resulting in forms like "oqıǵan" (I am reading),
"oqımadıq" (we are not reading), or "oqıp atır" (they are reading). The inflectional system in
Karakalpak simplifies the agreement process, encapsulating information about the subject within
the verb morphology. [3.12]
Exploring these morphological differences in verb conjugation and agreement marking
underscores the intricate ways in which English and Karakalpak construct and convey meaning
within simple sentences. Understanding these nuances is essential for learners, translators, and
linguists engaging with these languages.
The choice of strategies for assigning semantic roles significantly impacts how actions and
entities are portrayed in both languages. English, with its reliance on word order and auxiliary
verbs, emphasizes a linear and direct representation, where the subject takes a prominent position
at the beginning of the sentence. In contrast, Karakalpak, utilizing inflections on the verb, places
more emphasis on the verb itself, allowing for a dynamic representation where the action is
revealed after the introduction of involved entities. These strategies contribute to the unique
stylistic and communicative qualities of each language, highlighting the diverse ways in which
languages structure and convey meaning within simple sentences.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
313
Understanding these semantic nuances is crucial for language learners and researchers, as
it not only enhances proficiency but also deepens the appreciation for the rich tapestry of linguistic
diversity. [4.93]
This cross-linguistic examination provides a deep understanding of the syntactic,
morphological, and semantic dimensions that characterize simple sentences in English and
Karakalpak. By unraveling these intricacies, we contribute to the broader field of linguistics,
fostering appreciation for the diverse ways in which languages structure and convey meaning. This
knowledge is invaluable for language educators, learners, and researchers seeking to navigate the
complex landscape of cross-cultural communication.
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