ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1331
ANALYSIS OF METHODOLOGICAL SOURCES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL
PROTECTION POSSIBILITIES
Uzakova Yulduz Yusupovna
Postgraduate student at Asian International University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10449938
Abstract.
The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between psychological
protection and personality traits, as well as to the identification of its socio-psychological
components. In this regard, special attention is paid to the development of scientifically based
ideas in the study of problems related to the formation of psychological protection and its
development, socio-psychological characteristics, emotional and emotional states, and influence
on psychological mechanisms.
Key words:
psychological protection, socio-psychological component, personality traits,
socio-psychological characteristics, emotional and emotional states, psychotherapy,
psychocorrection.
АНАЛИЗ МЕТОДИЧЕСКИХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ
ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ
Аннотация.
Статья посвящена исследованию взаимосвязи психологической
защиты и свойств личности, а также выявлению ее социально-психологических
компонентов. В связи с этим особое внимание уделяется разработке научно обоснованных
представлений при изучении проблем, связанных с формированием психологической
защиты и ее развитием, социально-психологическими особенностями, эмоционально-
эмоциональными состояниями, влиянием на психологические механизмы.
Ключевые слова:
психологическая защита, социально-психологический компонент,
особенности личности, социально-психологические особенности, эмоционально-
эмоциональные состояния, психотерапия, психокоррекция.
It is also very important to know what role psychological defense plays in the
psychological development of a teacher, whether it complicates or contributes to his further
improvement. Understanding that psychological defense can act in certain conditions as a
beneficial or negative phenomenon for a teacher inhibits the development of the psyche and creates
new problems in the psychological preparation of teachers for work. In the research of
psychologists, the problem of psychological protection of teachers has not been fully studied. It is
characterized by identification, differentiation and study of teacher behavior and types of
communication, and effective use in working with teachers. From a practical point of view, the
question arises whether the behavior, skills and qualifications of teachers can be nurtured and
developed.
The results of the study can be used together with various specialists in the process of
psychological training of qualified teachers, in the formation of their important qualities, in the
provision of psychotherapeutic, psychocorrectional, rehabilitation and other psychological
services to teachers. The problem of psychological protection of teachers has not been studied
fully and systematically by psychologists in modern research and practice of the teacher training
process. Psychological protection is a psychological phenomenon that arises as a result of the work
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1332
of teachers. Psychological defense protects a person’s consciousness from negative thoughts, an
important individual psychological mechanism of any activity, is multifunctional in nature, is part
of the teacher’s motivation and is activated in extreme situations that threaten the integrity of a
person’s “I” concept. The manifestation of psychological defense in teachers affects their cognitive
sphere, gender, age, individual psychological qualities and emotional states; they understand
subjectively important stress factors and this determines the content of the teacher’s thinking. The
degree of formation, stability, flexibility, variability and effectiveness of teachers’ psychological
defense depends on their success or desire not to make mistakes in their activities, and the
pedagogical abilities of the teacher. Psychological defense mechanisms are characterized by
typical, individualized manifestations and significantly influence their individual psychological
characteristics. Based on the results of the study, it was established that the formation and
development of psychological defense is very important and necessary in the work of a teacher.
The study revealed the need for psychological protection not only in the work of a teacher, but
also in the personal life of a teacher.
Psychological defense is a modern psychological concept, as well as one of the most
important areas of psychoanalysis. Analysis of psychological sources on the formation of
psychological defense allows us to identify a number of reasons for the complexity and
inconsistency of defining the problem under study as an object of scientific research of this
phenomenon. First of all, the phenomenon of psychological defense was first scientifically noted
in psychoanalytic theories and subsequently studied in depth by S. Freud in various branches of
psychology. Among the reasons for abandoning psychoanalysis, modern researchers put
ideological factors in first place. Throughout human history, the persistence of unconscious actions
and their constant and uncompromising resistance to social norms have significantly limited the
spread of psychoanalytic ideas throughout the world. In modern psychology in many countries,
psychoanalytic concepts that involve the creation of a new society are negatively perceived. A
critical attitude towards psychoanalysis, its specific methodological approach: reductionism,
naturalization of a person’s mental and social life, clinical, psychopathological personality factors,
a number of studies have been conducted on the formation of behavior. It was difficult to
constantly focus on the dominance of the unconscious, to experimentally test the conflicts between
consciousness and the unconscious.
The phenomenon of psychological defense was discovered in the practice of
psychoanalysis and studied by many researchers as part of their scientific research. Although
researchers studied the problem of psychological defense and chose it as a scientific object of
study, they did not give a strictly substantiated definition of this phenomenon of mental life. The
concepts of psychological defense may be far from each other in terms of tracking performance
results, real stimuli, time and space. From a behaviorist perspective, the distinction between
unconscious actions and their motives was considered important for psychological defense. All
this led to the appearance of special facts in the scientific literature and made it difficult to identify
the problem. In addition, some psychological mechanisms are closely related to each other.
Therefore, it is not easy to distinguish them from each other, and their boundaries can be
determined conditionally.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Despite the lack of a unified approach among scientists to the mechanisms, types and forms
of psychological defense, as well as its role in the organization of human behavior, information
from the scientific literature allows us to conduct a brief comparative analysis of the main points
of view on psychological defense. phenomenon being studied. Thus, psychological defense can be
characterized as a set of methods for consistently changing the components of cognitive impact.
Such mental changes and processes are carried out due to the individual characteristics of a person.
The scientific study of the ontogenetic development of psychological defense is an important
process. They develop as a unique means of socio-psychological adaptation and help to overcome
various negative emotions in cases where a person’s experience and some negative consequences
of experiences manifest themselves. Psychological mechanisms have characteristics of
polarization, intensity, and differ in criteria of simplicity or complexity depending on the time of
their formation in ontogenesis and the participation of consciousness in real activity. Appropriate
psychological defense behavior is divided into constructive and destructive criteria depending on
the compatibility of social expectations. However, since life's problems represent a complex set of
conflicts, they require the development of various psychological mechanisms for conflict
resolution.
Among Russian psychologists, F.V. Bassin made a great contribution to the development
of the problem of psychological defense from the point of view of attitude theory. He criticized
psychoanalysis for its lack of a scientific basis and studied the phenomena arising in the practice
of psychoanalysis on the basis of dialectical materialism. In particular, F.V. Bassin criticizes the
position of psychoanalysis on psychological defense and believes that “defense is the last resort of
emotional stress that arises as a result of the conflict between consciousness and the unconscious
and is at the disposal of the subject”. The idea of such antagonism between consciousness and the
unconscious was considered controversial by F.V. Basin. He stated that the main factor of
protection from external influences is the reduction of the subjective significance of a mental
disorder of the mind. According to the research of F.V. Basin and some other researchers, for
example, B.V. Zeigarnik, A.A. Nalchadzhyan, E.T. Sokolova, psychological defense is a normal
and everyday working mechanism of the human mind. At the same time, as mentioned above, F.V.
Basin emphasizes the importance of protection in order to eliminate various stresses in spiritual
life. In his view, protection prevents a person from behaving erratically. This distortion occurs not
only when consciousness and the unconscious collide, but also when a conflict arises in a
completely conscious attitude. In his view, protection prevents a person from behaving erratically.
According to the scientist, the main process of psychological defense is the restructuring of the
system of relationships aimed at eliminating excessive emotional tension and stress, preventing
behavioral disorders.
At the same time, F.V. Bassin, as noted above, shows that protection is of great importance
for eliminating various stresses in life. In his opinion, psychological defense can prevent human
behavior disorder. This situation arises not only when the conscious and unconscious collide, but
also as a result of a conflict between attitudes.
In modern literature on psychological protection, the concept of “I” is widely used,
meaning the commonality of all ideas about the person himself. In this context, psychological
defense means protecting or limiting the concept of self, preserving the integrity of the human
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1334
mind so that it can function smoothly in the waking state. The cognitive or descriptive component
of the concept of self is called self-image, and the attitudinal or affective component is called self-
esteem. Behavioral reactions caused by the image of “I” and self-esteem constitute the concept of
“I”. General positive self-esteem, determined by a positive self-image, is a necessary condition for
the life of any person. Otherwise, life itself becomes a factor of constant suffering for a person,
leading to psychological exhaustion, self-destruction and, finally, death. In other words, a person
cannot consider himself “bad” or think that “bad” things will always happen in his life.
Therefore, psychological defense protects the integrity of his self-concept. It is worth
noting that in order to establish and maintain the stability of a positive self-image, a person does
not need to be actually safe, to show real independence and competence. In addition, any sincere
(spontaneous) efforts to solve problems of adaptation or satisfaction of needs may trigger other
pressing problems or critical needs. To overcome this conflict, protective mechanisms are
ontogenetically developed, allowing a person to solve universal problems using the cognitive-
affective method, satisfy basic needs and ensure adaptation.
Psychological defense eliminates conflict situations between emotions or their
combination. It is necessary to protect a person from feelings of fear when a person's life
experience has gone through such negative consequences. Psychological defense distorts images
of various forms in the brain and ensures the stability of the indirect expression of the original
feeling. Violation of these images to a certain extent ensures social and biological adaptation of a
person. If it exceeds the level of adequacy, then an incorrect perception of reality indicates deviant
behavior. Then social maladaptation is formed, destabilizing the positive “I” in the individual.
Severe mental stress or, in other words, internal conflicts require more intensive work of defense
mechanisms. The result is a distorted and potentially negative state that can only be corrected by
psychotherapeutic intervention. If the main task of psychological defense is to maintain a positive
image of “I” in the face of any threatening changes in the external world, then its formation should
be directly related to the first negative experience of self-expression.
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«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
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