Appearance Of Socialization And Psychological Characteristics
During Adolescence
Djumabaeva Manzura Bagibekovna
Is a senior lecturer at the Department of Psychology of Tashkent University of Applied Sciences
Gavhar Str. 1, Tashkent 100149, Uzbekistan.
(998 97 410 12 35)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10462618
Keywords:
Person, teenager, child, parent, pedagogue, education and training, student, mind, thinking, perception,
emotion, will, intellect.
Abstract:
This article presents a review of information on the topic of forming the spiritual and psychological image of
young people today and the social psychological factors affecting youth education based on scientific
theoretical sources, Greek and foreign scientists, Eastern scholars. and also in the scientific and practical
aspects, the factors of socialization of students during adolescence, the duties and responsibilities of the
teacher and parents in educational and communicative activities are highlighted.
1 INTRODUCTION
Today, in the focus of the research conducted
around the world, the need to educate the young
generation to be spiritually mature, mentally and
physically healthy, patriotic, selfless people, to raise
the new generation to adulthood, one of the main
stages of the continuous education system is the
adolescent age studying in general secondary
educational institutions. It creates a need for studies
devoted to the study of social-psychological features
of the socialization of students and the development
of social behavior.
The phenomenon of globalization is the spread of
scientific achievements in the formation of the social,
political, and cultural environment, as well as the
harmonization of various values on a universal basis,
it is the state of deviation as a means of ideological
influence, the emergence of moral threats that cause
various criminal acts, the security of humanity, the
national interests of states. , it can be recognized that
it has become a serious threat to ensure a stable future
for future generations. In this regard, the need to
research psychological features of socialization and
development of social behavior in adolescent students
is increasing.
The negative consequences of the processes of
globalization, with their scope, influence, and
increasingly mass nature, are attacking the national
spirituality of the peoples of the less developed and
now developing countries, eroding their soil and
preparing the ground for their destruction in the future
under the influence of mass spirituality. This
aggression is being carried out not only through mass
media - television, internet or mobile phones, but also
through economic deprivation, which is necessary for
people's life and livelihood.
2 Materials and Methods
"Although two opposite poles have disappeared in
the world, the conflict of ideologies expressing
different goals and interests has not stopped. It must
be said openly that the purpose of these disputes is to
capture the hearts of people, especially young people,
to influence the minds and feelings of a nation or
people in a certain country or region, to make them
subordinate to their worldview, to make them morally
weak and submissive. Thought addiction and thought
slavery are more terrible than any economic or
political addiction" [5] From this point of view, it is
important to inculcate a healthy lifestyle in adolescent
students, to find effective mechanisms in this area.
Today, the upbringing of the behavior of the
growing youth is evaluated at the level of the demand
of the time. After all, "the new model of education
leads to the formation of a free person who thinks
independently in society. He has the opportunity to
educate people who realize their value, have a strong
will, full faith, and have a clear goal in life". In fact,
only then will conscious marriage become the main
criterion of community life. A person's behavior,
manners, worldview and faith are important for a
person to find his place in society, to have his
position, to be able to quickly, effectively and at a
high level enter into interpersonal relations. [7].
The Roman philosopher Seneca, thinking about
good qualities, gave importance to the spiritual
quality of a person: "The mind is the divine spirit
given to the human div. If the perfection of spirit
lies in the heart of people, this is true peace and
humanity. "The perfection of the soul cannot be
borrowed or bought, it must be cultivated." After all,
the highest goal of development is to form a good-
natured and wide-ranging worldview, that is,
ideological immunity in every person," he admits. [6]
H.Shaykhova writes in her book "Intellectual
potential - the criterion of development": "spiritual
renewal of society, development based on new
content and essence is the self-thinking of the
generation of the 21st century, deepening the
intelligence, directing it to the realization of the goals
of independence, historically formed spiritual and
moral values. as a result of their development and
improvement
based
on
the
principles
of
independence, it creates the need to form an idea and
ideology" [6].
Therefore, the manners and worldview of the
growing young generation, the problem of the perfect
human being, are among the issues of deep interest.
Because human social qualities and his perfection are
the support and strength of society. It is necessary to
emphasize that one of the most important principles
of independence - formation of a mature generation
of the 21st century, education of society members as
owners of social, political, legal and moral potential -
are the main tasks of our national spiritual and moral
values, especially the national idea and national
ideology.
Uzbek pedagogic scientist O. Musurmonova
emphasizes the need to take a responsible look at the
upbringing of young people and their social behavior
and: "... education is a product of consciousness, but
at the same time it is also a factor that determines the
level of consciousness and its development.
Educating people who realize their value, have a
strong will, full faith, and have a clear goal in life is
one of the issues that cannot be postponed today.
Therefore, it is inevitable that the education of young
people who strive for goodness, maturity, and
perfection will serve a higher purpose.
Sh.A.Abdullaeva's doctoral dissertation on the
topic "Pedagogical bases of diagnosing the level of
education of adolescents and correcting their
behavior": "The realization of national identity in the
social policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the
creation of harmony between the individual and the
society through the assimilation of national and
universal values, the satisfaction of the growth of
needs from private to general it requires research and
development of pupils' and students' abilities, talents,
internal capabilities, unique individual-psychological
characteristics in every respect"[8]. Consequently, it
is impossible to increase the effectiveness of
education and training in educational processes
without determining the level of formation, mental
development and education of the young generation
as a person and subject. [1].
As for the interpretation of the concept of “value”
in psychological research, it is emphasized that the
subject’s attitude to social norms and traditions, his
personal focus on highlighting necessary and
important things for him, and the study of personal
values are the subject of psychological research.
In the Education encyclopedia it is defined as “Value
is a concept used to show the general, socio-ethical,
cultural and spiritual significance of certain events in
reality.”
O.Musurmonova noted: “From a pedagogical
point of view, values are a cultural and educational
tool that influences the development of consciousness
and activity of the individual, his formation as an
integral personality.”
Continuing his opinion, the scientist describes the
important pedagogical aspects in the education of
students of adolescent and adolescent age. It focuses
on the social education of general secondary school
students to observe the moral norms established by
the society and on behavior and social education,
which is a product of consciousness to obey these
norms. In his dissertation, the scientist said:
"Adolescence (11-14 years) occupies a special place
in the development of the human personality. It is an
important stage of human development. In the period
of adolescence, mental changes of great importance
take place, stable, lasting positive feelings are
manifested under the influence of education and
upbringing, which are necessary for further
development of a teenager in certain social life
conditions. The psychological changes that are
gradually occurring, the qualities that are being
formed and the growth of the personality depend
primarily on the nature of the activities of boys and
girls of this age (studying, social work, games, sports,
etc.). There are characteristics of a teenager that are
different from other age periods, which are expressed
in emotional and volitional qualities," he says. [7]
2.1 METHODS OF MODELING
SOLAR BATTERY
G'.B. Shoumarov stated "... a person of adolescent
age needs the help and support of sponsors who are
stronger and more knowledgeable than him. In order
for young people to imitate and follow, it is enough
for a person to demonstrate the effect and effect of his
behavior in an unexpected situation, in stressful
situations. In youth, the motivation to deny
universally accepted norms of behavior for the
formation of the image of "I" is strongly manifested.
Determining a person's place in life, clarifying his "I"
is carried out as a result of comparing himself with
different people with different fates. It is on the basis
of this aspect that manipulators offer roles that
fundamentally contradict the norms accepted in
society to an individual who is not yet fully formed.
The social requirements for personal maturity and
maturity are explained and conveyed to him in the
form of formal, boring, outdated, backward,
unpromising demands" [9].
Uncertainty of social position, marginal social
position, psychophysiological changes associated
with physical development make adolescents
vulnerable to the effects of various forms of
ideological threats.
According to E.Goziyev, "instability of dreams,
uncertainty of goals, intolerance of other opinions,
haste are among the characteristics that are more
common in youth. Such qualities strengthen the
desire of teenagers to find people who are similar to
them, not to consult and think with their parents and
older people. According to their social affiliation and
age, young people begin to unite in groups that can
satisfy their needs in the process of recreation and
communication. [7].
Dj. Dewey's "Person and His Place in Society",
J.J. Piaget's Role of Environment in Child
Development, D.B. Elkonin's "Importance of play in
personality
development",
"Pedagogical
psychology",
V.V.
Davidov's
"Developmental
educational theory", G. In Gardner's works such as
"Factors
affecting
personality
development",
opinions are expressed about the description of
personality, the influence of mental processes on the
stages of its development, and the characteristics of
social behavior in the management of activities. [10].
If we explain the issue from a psychological point
of view, entering into a relationship with the
components of nature and members of the society in
different forms, with various characteristics, creates a
periodical "temporary" change in the manners of
dealing with them. Due to this change, success and
failure, luck and bad luck, optimism and pessimism,
romance and reality, sympathy and antipathy,
progress and regression, enthusiasm and depression,
activity and lethargy, stress resistance, lack of will,
the first - positive and the second - negative mental
phenomenon. originates. Violation of the stability of
the emotional state, which ensures the smooth
transition of activity, behavior, volitional qualities
throughout life, casts doubt on the scientific data
about the primary factor of success compared to it,
and its assessment with the help of leading, general
and private objective and subjective, important and
insignificant criteria, symptoms, dimensions makes it
necessary to rationally interpret the essence of this
psychological issue. If this is the case, the problem of
analyzing the causes and driving forces of their nature
based on specific evidence will arise" [7].
So, in human activity, the realization of his
behavior and thinking process based on certain laws
depends on both objective and subjective conditions.
Objective conditions that cause natural factors, that is,
the micro and macro environment, material existence,
the availability of auxiliary means, their ability to
meet high requirements, cause the disturbance of
external stimuli. In addition to natural conditions, the
occurrence of certain deficiencies and breakdowns
causes defects, as a result of which mental
experiences, mainly the activity of thinking,
discipline, and goal orientation are disturbed.
Human nature can sometimes feel weak or powerless
when faced with life's accidents. In the process of
solving such problems, direct thinking serves.
Therefore, in order to correctly analyze situations,
solve problems, and act wisely, a person must have a
sound mind. Since man is a conscious being, he has
the ability to create, renew, improve, and change. But
the components of nature, instincts, unconditioned
reflexes show the effect.
"The will is manifested in the practical activity of a
person, whether it is physical or mental, it serves for
the correctness of thoughts and true expression of
discussions."
According to the data of the science of world
psychology, no one is protected from failure. It is
known that physical, moral and mental perfection
allows to think about a perfect person in the
fundamental sense. As long as the level of perfection
does not become the spiritual world of the subject,
coincidences and emergency situations are not calmly
accepted by the individual as normal events. [6].
French psychologist P. Jane (1857-1947) dealt with
the problem of biological and social relations of
mental development of a person.
According to A. Bandupa, a representative of the
social-cognitive direction in personality formation,
“the analysis of human nature and reality is best
understood from the point of view of the constant
interaction
of
behavioral,
cognitive
and
environmental factors” [11]. “This means that
behavior, individual aspects and social perception are
mutually
determining
decisive
forces
for
understanding reality, that is, the environment
influences behavior, but it is the active sex in creating
the social environment and environmental conditions
that arise in people's daily problems. "[12]. “Indeed,
the first phenomenon of pure learning can be directly
observed in human behavior and the results of
conversation.” Although most of the behavioral and
environmental
influences
on
Bandupa's
determination process model are partly the product of
human activity. The most striking aspect of
Bandupa's behavior is that the acquisition of a new
behavior pattern is formed by sampling, when there is
no internal step-by-step process.
J.Pottep is a psychologist who emphasizes the
importance of social and cognitive variables in
understanding personality. He also believes that a
person is an active participant in the events that force
him into his life. A special feature of Pottepa's book
is the concept of nasopathy locus. “The controlling
and basic structure of behavior can be learned in
social situations, and this structure of behavior is
inextricably linked with the needs of human
relationships” [13]. To predict the potential of
behavior in a specific reality, Pottep proposes the
following formula. Behavioral potential = expectancy
+ reinforcement value.
In humanistic psychology, from the point of view
of A. Maslow, the essence of a person is aimed at
personal growth, creativity and self-realization in his
constant development. For Maslow, reality represents
an inextricable unity and community [11].
2.2 METHODS OF VAC
According to his theory, the healthy development
of the human psyche depends on social relations, and
the formation of a system of various relations
between society and nature determines the growth of
a person. He understands behavior as communication.
This is, of course, nothing more than a person's
personal attitude to the environment. According to
P.Jane, the most valuable, significant, social action is
expressed in cooperative activity; interpersonal
external relations are the principle of development. P.
Jane in her research four levels of psyche:
a) increase in movement response;
b) increase in perceptual activity;
c) growth of personal-social movement (adapting
one's own movement to other people);
g) justified the fact that there is growth of simple
mental behavior (development of speech and
thinking).
Swiss
psychologist
J.
Piaget
(1896-1980)
recommends to study the maturation of human
thinking in several periods:
1. Child - external environment - data processing.
2. Thinking: a) before the social era; b) social period.
3. Intellect (mind):
✓
sensorimotor - up to 2 years;
✓
before the operational period - 2-7(8);
✓
period of obvious operation - up to 7(8)-
11(12) years;
✓
officially (formal) operation period - up to
11 (12) - 15 years old. [6].
According to the teachings of J. Piaget, the 3rd
period of personality development, officially the
operational period (11-15 years old), is the stage of
transition to the formation of socialization
characteristics of the adolescent student towards
perfection and independence. In the formation of
perfection, the issue of developing social behavior
features is raised. Perfection consists of a set of
knowledge and skills to protect the student's health
and to direct his activities towards the development
of society and goodness, as well as human protection
from various medical, environmental, social, and
economic threats that exist in modern life. [10].
Determining the learning indicators and the
number of students in the experimental group and the
number of students in the control group using the
Yjnj, respectively, we get the following statistically
grouped variation series, as well as the increase in
moral categories and general cultural competence, the
effectiveness of preventive measures with 4 points,
legal literacy and the average effectiveness of legal
culture was determined with 3 points, satisfactory
educational activities with 2 points and unsatisfactory
educational activities with 1 point.
From the table, it is possible to include the
following designations on the indicators of the
effectiveness of preventive measures and the
indicators of the increase in legal literacy and legal
culture among students.
The effectiveness of the dynamics of the development
of behavior in the process of socialization in
adolescents:
Indicators in the experimental group:
83;
334;
754;
501;
n
1;
2;
3;
4;
X
i
i
=
=
=
4
1
1672
i
i
n
n
Indicators in the control group:
345;
859;
343;
171;
m
1;
2;
3;
4;
Y
j
j
=
=
=
4
1
1718
j
j
m
m
Figure 1
according to the level of formation of behavior in the
process of socialization in young people:
Indicators in the experimental group:
88;
361;
812;
411;
n
1;
2;
3;
4;
X
i
i
=
=
=
4
1
1672
i
i
n
n
Indicators in the control group:
240;
1031;
246;
201;
m
1;
2;
3;
4;
Y
j
j
=
=
=
4
1
1718
j
j
m
m
Figure 2
On
the
competence
of
socially
active
citizenship:Mastery indicators in the experimental
group:
93;
503;
698;
378;
n
1;
2;
3;
4;
X
i
i
=
=
=
4
1
1672
i
i
n
n
Mastery rates in the control group:
145;
1122;
307;
144;
m
1;
2;
3;
4;
Y
j
j
=
=
=
4
1
1718
j
j
m
m
Figure 3
In order to facilitate statistical analysis, appropriate
statistical probability formulas for ni and mj
repetitions (frequency) from the above
variational series
i
i
n
n
P
=
ва
j
j
m
m
q
=
(1) We calculate based on
=
=
4
1
1
j
j
q
Indicators in the experimental group:
0,04
0,28;
0,43;
0,25;
n
1;
2;
3;
4;
X
i
i
=
=
4
1
1
i
i
P
Indicators in the control group:
0,14
0,56;
0,18;
0,12;
m
1;
2;
3;
4;
Y
j
j
=
=
4
1
1
j
j
q
Based on the obtained results, the level of
effectiveness of behavior development in adolescent
students
was
analyzed
mathematically
and
statistically, and the mean square deviation from the
results found at the end of the experiment, sample
variance, variation indicators, Student's selection
criterion, degree of freedom based on this criterion,
Pearson's compatibility criterion and reliable
deviations were found.
In our republic, human rights and freedoms are
declared as the highest value of children in our society
without any defects, race, div color, gender,
language, religion, political or other beliefs, national-
ethnic or social origin, health and birth of the child,
his parents. , guarantees that the rights will be ensured
regardless of whether or not there is a legal guardian
or any other circumstances. State and private
institutions, courts, administrative or legislative
bodies dealing with social issues in the society are
responsible for ensuring the rights and interests of the
child. After all, in the family, which is the main link
of the society, children should be happy, grow up and
have prosperity, mature in a healthy and harmonious
manner. Each member of the family should have their
dignity, rights and freedoms, equality and solidarity
based on feelings of care, happiness and love.
Formation of teenagers as individuals and subjects,
intellectual development, growth of the level of
upbringing, compliance with the norms of manners
and behavior set by the society creates the basis for
their functioning as equal citizens of the society in the
future. For this purpose, it is important and necessary
to improve the mechanisms of development of
socialization qualities among students in adolescence
in our country, and it is necessary to solve the
problems of inculcating our country's policy, healthy
lifestyle, and sanogenic thinking to the youth of our
country.
CONCLUSIONS.
Today, it is necessary to use two different
technological approaches in the correction of
behavioral defects of young people: preventive;
rehabilitation.
In conclusion, educating young people in our society
to be rich in meaning, freethinking, strong knowledge
holders is in line with the age-old dreams and hopes
of our ancestors, and the implementation of these
tasks in the general secondary education system is a
socio-psychological problem.
It is necessary to carry out educational activities in
cooperation with educational institutions, family,
community, and the general public. For this, it is
necessary to expand the scope of spiritual and
educational views of young people, to abandon
polished methods and to develop a new, systematic
methodology and pedagogical trainings that meet the
requirements of the time. Social movement "Youth
Union", "Women's Committees", "Neighborhood
Activists", authorities on religious enlightenment,
spirituality and moral education in the neighborhoods
should take an active part in the educational activities
carried out on the basis of a systematic plan.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
-
Explain in detail to the child that sitting for hours
in front of the computer and phone is harmful to his
mental and physiological health;
-
Inculcate the rules of communication by using
polite words such as thank you, please, excuse me,
using the way of making a request or suggestion
instead of giving an order to the child to do
something;
-
Explain to the child that the consequences of
negative vices are bad with the help of detailed real-
life examples, teach him to hate such vices as deceit,
lies, greed, haste, arrogance, theft;
-
Teach the child to love such beautiful qualities as
loyalty, justice, generosity, honesty, gentleness,
patience, gratitude, and be a personal example.
REFERENCES
[1]
Abdullaeva Sh.A. Diagnosing the education level
of teenagers and correcting their behavior. - T.:
"Fan". 2005.- 194 p.
[2]
Karimova V.M. Social perceptions of the Uzbek
family among young people: Psych. science. doc.
...dis. - T.: ToshDU, 1994.- 309 p.
[3]
Karimova V.M. Social psychology. -T.: "Science
and technology", 2012.- 172 p.
[4]
Ochilova N.R. Studying the influence of modern
civilization on the spiritual image of a person: Fal.
science. name ...dis. - T.: TDIU, 2010. -137 p.
[5]
Tulenova G.J. The role of the spiritual factor in
increasing the social activity of young people: Fal.
science. doc. ... diss.- T.: UzNU, 2006. – 317 p.
[6]
Shaikhova H.O. Man and his spiritual world. - T.:
TSU, 1993. - 67 p.
[7]
Ghaziev E.G. Psychology of ontogenesis.
Tashkent: UzNU.- 2010.- 296 p.
[8]
Karimova V.M. The relevance of social-behavior
management of the individual in the conditions of
global changes/21st century psychology: theory,
practical
perspectives//Proceedings
of
the
international scientific and practical conference. -
T.: "Classical music", 2013.- B. 32-35.
[9]
Shoumarov B. The problems of psychological
service in the educational system of Uzbekistan
are the psychological problems of increasing the
effectiveness of education and upbringing in new
types
of
secondary
special
educational
institutions. T., 1998. P.13-15.
[10]
Рубинштейн С.Л. Основы общей психологии.
В 2-х т.– М.: Педагогика, 1989. Т. I. – 488с.
[11]
Маслоу А. Психология бытия / А. Маслоу. -
М.: Релф-бук, 1997. – Б.288.
[12]
Хорни К. Наши внутренние конфликты.
Конструктивная теория невроза. СПб.: Лань,
1997. – С.-145
[13]
Фоминова А.Н. Жизнестойкость личности.
монография МПГУ, “Прометей”, М.; 2012.
ISBN 978 5 4263 0110 8
[14]
Куликов Л.В. Психогигиена личности:
Вопросы психологи ческой устойчивости и
психопрофилактики: учебное пособие. – СПб.,
2004. – С. 87–115
[15]
Леонгард К. Акцентуированные личности
(сборник). Киев. 1981.-Б.23.
[16]
Леонтьев А.Н. Деятельность. Сознание.
Личность. – М.: Политиздат, 1975. – С.304.
[17]
Isayev I. Slastenin V., Ye.Shiyanov Психология
развития человека. Развитие субъективной
реальности в онтогенезе Т.: М.Академия,
2002.- С.577
[18]
Зинченко В. П., Моргунов Е. Б. Человек
развивающийся. – М.: Тривола, 1994. – С. 304.
