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THEORIES OF PERSONALITY STUDY IN PSYCHOLOGY
Mambetova Goʻzal Qudrat qizi
Student at Karakalpak State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15481686
Abstract:
This study examines the possible connections between the concepts of
"psychic", "social" and "biological" in the process of the emergence and development of the
science of psychology. At the same time, personality is a complex concept that describes a
person's thoughts, feelings and behavior. Each person has a unique personal structure, and this
structure includes the main characteristics that distinguish him from other people.
Understanding and explaining the concept of personality is the subject of personality
psychology, one of the main branches of psychology.
Keywords:
personality, socio-psychological characteristics, experiment, intuition
folklore, personality theory, hypothesis, temperament, schematic definition, speculative,
dispositional.
PSIXOLOGIYADA SHAXSNI O'RGANISH NAZARIYALARI
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu tadqiqotda psixologiyada shaxsning o’rganish nazariyalari va
taraqqiyoti jarayonida «psixik», «ijtimoiy» va «biologik» tushunchalar o‘rtasidagi mavjud
bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lgan aloqalar ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shu bilan bir qatorda shaxs
— bu insonning
fikrlari, his-tuyg’ulari va xatti-harakatlarini tavsiflovchi murakkab tushuncha. Har bir shaxs
o’ziga xos shaxsiy tuzilishga ega va bu tuzilma uni boshqa odamlardan ajratib turadigan asosiy
xususiyatlarni o’z ichiga oladi. Shaxs tushunchasini tushunish va tushuntirish psixologiyaning
asosiy sohalaridan biri bo’lgan shaxs psixologiyasining predmetidir
.
Kalit so'zlar:
shaxs, ijtimoiy-psixologik xususiyatlar, eksperiment, sezgi folklor,
shaxsiyat nazariyasi, gipoteza, temperament, sxematik ta'rif, spekulyativ, dispozitsiyaviy.
ТЕОРИИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ В ПСИХОЛОГИИ
Аннотация:
В данном исследовании рассматриваются возможные связи между
понятиями «психическое», «социальное» и «биологическое» в период становления и
развития науки психологии. В то же время личность — это сложное понятие,
описывающее мысли, чувства и поведение человека. Каждый человек имеет уникальную
личностную структуру, и эта структура включает в себя основные характеристики,
которые отличают его от других людей. Понимание и объяснение понятия личности
является предметом психологии личности, одного из основных разделов психологии.
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Ключевые слова:
личность, социально-психологические характеристики,
эксперимент, интуиция, фольклор, теория личности, гипотеза, темперамент,
схематическое определение, умозрительный, диспозиционный.
Introduction
A person is, first of all, a contemporary of a certain era, and this determines many of his
socio-psychological properties. In a given era, a person occupies a certain position in the class
structure of society. Belonging to a certain class is another basic definition of a person, which
is directly related to the position of a person in society. From here also follow the economic
status and type of activity, political status and type of activity as a subject of socio-political
activity (as a member of an organization); legal structure and structure of rights and obligations
of a person as a citizen, moral behavior and consciousness (structure of spiritual values). It
should be added to this that a person is always determined by the characteristics of his
movement as a peer of a certain generation, family structure and his position in this structure
(as a father or mother, son and daughter, etc.). Modern psychology of personality is a scientific
discipline, transforms reasoning about human nature, which can be confirmed experimentally,
they rely on intuition, folklore or common sense. It is believed that people are not born as
individuals, but become individuals in the process of being and working, when, while
communicating and interacting, a person compares himself with others and identifies his “I”.
Psychological properties (traits) of personality are fully and vividly revealed in activities,
communication, relationships and even in the external appearance of a person. Personality
theory, conclusions or hypotheses about what a person is, how he behaves and why he acts this
way and not otherwise. The concept of personality, despite its many definitions, is a widely
discussed issue. Psychology attaches importance to differences in human behavior, which are
expressed through temperament, behavior, and specific interests. Personality theory is a set of
hypotheses or assumptions about the nature and mechanisms of personality development.
Personality theory seeks not only to explain, but also to predict human behavior. In modern
psychology, there are eight main approaches to the study of personality. Each approach has its
own theory, its own ideas about the characteristics and structure of personality, and its own
methods of measuring them. Therefore, we can only offer the following schematic definition:
personality is a multidimensional and multilevel system of psychological characteristics that
ensure individual uniqueness, temporal and situational stability of human behavior. Each theory
allows you to create one or more structural models of personality. Most of the models are
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speculative, only a few are mainly dispositional, built using modern mathematical methods.
Psychodynamic theory of personality. The founder of the psychodynamic theory of personality,
also known as “classical psychoanalysis”, is the Austrian scientist Z. Freud (1856-1939).
According to Freud, the main source of personality development is innate biological factors
(instincts), or rather, the general biological energy - libido (Latin libido - attraction, desire).
This energy is directed, firstly, towards procreation, and secondly, towards destruction
(aggressive attraction). Personality is formed in the first six years of life. The unconscious
dominates the structure of personality. Psychology and aggressive actions, which make up the
main part of libido, are not performed by a person. Freud emphasized that a person does not
have free will. A person’s behavior is completely determined by his aggressive motives, which
he called the “id”. As for the inner world of a person, within the framework of this approach it
is completely subjective. A person is a prisoner of his inner world, the true content of the motive
is hidden behind the "facade" of behavior. And only his dreams, as well as special methods, can
give more or less accurate information about a person's personality. Personality theory is an
organized attempt to advance our understanding of human behavior from a psychological
perspective. The main theories of personality are:
- Psychoanalytic personality theory (classical psychoanalysis), the founder of this theory
of personality is Z. Freud. Within the framework of this theory of personality, it is a set of
aggressive and psychological motives and defense mechanisms. First of all, the structure of
personality is various relationships of individual individual properties and defense mechanisms.
- Adler's individual theory of personality, which considers personality as part of a social system
inextricably linked with others. Adler called his theory individual psychology, emphasizing the
uniqueness of each individual.
- Analytical theory of personality by C.G. Jung, it is close to the theory of classical
psychoanalysis because it has many close roots.
According to this approach, personality is a community of realized and innate
archetypes, and the structure of personality is the individual uniqueness of the relationships of
individual blocks of the conscious and unconscious.
- Humanistic theory of personality, one of whose representatives is Abraham Maslow,
supporters consider personality to be nothing more than the inner world of the "I".
- Cognitive theory of personality is close to humanistic in nature, its founder is George
Kelly, he believed that the only thing a person wants to know is what happened to him and will
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happen in the future. Personality in this system is a system of personal constructs due to which
the processing of a personal person occurs.
- Activity theory of personality, this direction has received the greatest distribution as a
domestic theory of personality and its bright representative is Sergei Leonidovich Rubinstein.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it can be said that a person is formed throughout life. A person's free will
is limited. A person's behavior is actually subject to his innate archetypes or the collective
unconscious. The inner world of a person, within the framework of this theory, is completely
subjective. A person is able to reveal his world only through his dreams, his attitude to cultural
and artistic images. The true essence of a person is hidden from an external observer. Therefore,
it is advisable to learn more about the theories that study the characteristics of a person and his
structure, better understand how researchers have illuminated the psychology of a person, and
turn to theories that study the characteristics of a person's structure in psychology when
conducting future research. Because if we analyze the individual characteristics of a person, we
cannot illuminate their unique aspect.
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