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THE CONTENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MILITARY ACTIVITY IN
THE INTERPRETATION OF EASTERN THINKERS
Yamankulov Sahib
Cadet of the Public Security University of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Abstract:
The article presents the opinions of Eastern thinkers regarding the
choice of profession, professional training, and the content and essence of military
activity. Especially, the encyclopedic scholars of the East have thoroughly analyzed
the issues of courage, willpower, courage, determination, and heroism characteristic
of a person in military administration.
Key words:
person, military serviceman, professional activity, professional
orientation, begs, sultans, ministers, sadars, sycophants, tax collectors, sailors, black
rot (soldiers), merchants, mirshabs, guard, bravery, willpower, courage, perseverance,
heroism.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ И ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ВОЕННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В
ТОЛКОВАНИЯХ ВОСТОЧНЫХ МЫСЛИТЕЛЕЙ
Яманкулова Сахиб
курсант Университета общественной безопасности Республики Узбекистан
Аннотация
:
В статье представлены взгляды восточных мыслителей
относительно выбора профессии, профессиональной подготовки, содержания и
сущности военной деятельности. В частности, учёные
-
энциклопедисты Востока
детально проанализировали вопросы мужества, силы воли, отваги,
решительности и героизма, свойственных человеку в военном управлении.
Ключевые
слова:
человек,
военнослужащий,
профессиональная
деятельность, профессиональная ориентация, попрошайки, султаны, министры,
садары, подхалимы, сборщики налогов, рабочие, черная гниль (солдаты),
купцы, миршабы, гвардия, храбрость, сила воли, мужество, настойчивость,
героизм
In the teachings of Eastern thinkers, the idea of training boys and girls, along
with education and training, also occupies an important place. It can be seen that the
issues of career choice and career orientation are not new for today, but are being
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studied as an age-old problem. In particular, the problem is interpreted in detail in the
works written by Abu Nasr Farabi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Jami,
Ahmed Donish, Jalaluddin Davani and others.
Yusuf Hamadoni, one of the encyclopedic scholars of the East, calls his students
to work hard, acquire a profession, and study military affairs. In the opinion put
forward by our scholars, each person emphasizes the need to study professional skills
and qualifications along with knowledge and acquisition. In particular, he emphasizes
that it is an honor for every person to take up the military profession, which protects
the freedom of the homeland and the freedom of people.
Abdurrahman Jami condemns the ignorant and ignorant people who are greedy
for wealth. He emphasizes the need to study science all his life and criticizes scholars
and kings. He said that a person is decorated not by career and high positions, but by
knowledge and craft. It is known that in the maturity of the young generation, the
need to acquire professional skills is emphasized. It is recognized that this is a factor
that determines the future fate of a person.
In his "Mahbub ul-Qulub" work, Navoi divides the society in which he lives into
34 classes. In it, he thinks about strangers and needy people, gado and daidy, who do
not have any position in the society, instead of being included in the classes that have
property and wealth.
The social categories described by Navoi are conditionally divided into three
groups, the first group of which is the officials who have certain wealth. They include
begs, sultans, ministers, sadrs, yasovuls, tax collectors, navkars, black rots (soldiers),
merchants, mirshabs, guards, and others. The second group includes priests, and the
third group includes representatives of the common people. Alisher Navoi, tyrannical
ministers, leaders who do not shy away from violence
In his "Shahnoma", Firdavsi appreciates the loyalty and kindness of kings and
soldiers to their people and homeland, and tries to describe it on the example of
legendary heroes such as Jamshid and Rustam. According to Firdausi, Jamshid will
reign for a long time, during his reign people will live happily and happily; they do
not know what death, illness, or old age are. Any sufferings and difficulties in the
way of people's well-being and prosperity of the country cannot turn Jamshid back
from the path he started. Firdausi's bravery, willpower, courage, determination, and
heroism are summarized in the image of Jamshid.
Another hero of Firdausi is Rustam. There is no wrestler who can withstand his
strength. He is invincible. When the enemy invades the homeland, when the people
suffer and suffer, Rustam is the bearer of all of them. Rustam goes to the work that
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the kings failed to do, and single-handedly defeats large armies. He singles out
heroes, even wrestlers with supernatural powers, Pashangs, Ashguyests, giants,
witches, and dragons. The main reason and source of Rustam's invincibility in battles
and not surrendering to enemies is his love for his homeland and his people. This
tender love adds energy to Rustam's strength and makes him an invincible hero. He
considers it his happiness to see his country free and free, its people peaceful,
comfortable and prosperous. Rustam is a symbol of a great hero who sacrificed his
life, family life and happiness for his country and his people [2].
Kaikovus, one of the encyclopedic scholars, put forward a number of opinions
about the qualities of a military leader in his work "Nightmare". In particular, it is
said that a soldier or an army chief should be brave, courageous, able to overcome
any difficulties and show strength, fortitude, and patience.
Kaikovus put forward the following points about sipahs. O child, if you are
brave, show kindness to your army, both on your side and on the side of the king,
create a picture of goodness for them. Always be awesome, build an army and fight,
know how to fight. In the day of war, send many warlike generals to the right and to
the left. Put a braver general or a more valuable people in the rear wing of the army,
so that the rear of the army is strong. Even if the enemy is weak, do not see him as
weak, and be careful about him as much as you are about the enemy. Do not be brave
in war, because of your bravery you will destroy the army, and do not be brave,
because of your bravery you will cause your army to retreat.
Don't be careless to send a spy to keep an eye on your enemy. Do not hesitate to
send gold during the day and night. There is a lot of war, look at the army, be open-
faced and speak well when you are face to face. Let me say to your army, "The
enemy's army is such a dog, we will destroy it in an hour." Do not send the army at
once, send the army in groups to the king, and keep the horses of the generals one by
one. "Hey so-and-so, know your subjects too." Everyone who is among the best
advisers, keep in your eyes.
Har bir kishi urush qilsa urushda biror kishini yiqsa, majruh qilsa yoki o‘zi
majruh bo‘lsa, biror dushman kishini tutsa yo otni tutib keltursa, bosh kesib keltursa,
yoki boshqacharoq yaxshi xizmat qilsa, unga o‘sha xizmati uchun ikki chandon
mukofot betg‘il, sarpo taqdim qilg‘il, ish haqini va vazifasini burung‘idin ziyoda
etg‘il va molingni xuddi shu vaqtda sarf qilg‘il, toki maqsuding tezroq hosil bo‘lg‘ay.
Bu sabab bila o‘zgalar ham mardonalikka harakat qilg‘aylar va sen g‘alaba
qozong‘aysan.
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If all your goals are achieved, don't act hastily and don't move, don't throw your
horse at the enemy.
If you go to war, act bravely and do not think of running away. Don't worry
about death, if death is what everyone wants, no army can stop it.
If you win, don't chase after the fugitive, there is a lot of danger in this business.
My father's behavior was like this, and Sultan Mahmud also had this kind of habit in
mind, he did not follow the footsteps of a fugitive, and he used to say: "A fugitive
tries without sparing his life, and if everyone strives with his soul, he will surely
win." will find."
Don't take a single step back in war. If you take a step back, you will surely find
success, always fight to move forward from where you stand and never take a step
behind.
Always speak good words to the army and if you find a piece of bread and a cup
of water, share with them, because a piece of bread cannot do what many dice and
swords can do. Lashkar always keep my heart happy. If you don't want them to
understand your soul, you don't want them to understand your bread. If it leads you to
the honor of kingship, keep your royal ways [1].
Amir Temur glorifies himself as the head of state and army chief and puts
forward the following points. Accordingly, Ashraf Akhmad Temur highly appreciates
the following qualities he practiced.
The first quality "I understood impartiality as the first of my qualities. It's the
same for everyone: I looked seriously and fairly, I didn't differentiate anyone from
another, I didn't put the poor over the poor."
The second attribute: "I have always strictly followed Islam and treated with
respect those who are glorified by the command of Allah Ta'ala."
The third quality: "I gave a lot of charity to the poor. I carefully investigated
every conflict and problem and tried my best to solve it as correctly as possible."
The fourth attribute: "I showed mercy to people, I benefited everyone. I didn't
hurt anyone unfairly and I didn't push those who came to me for help. I read the verse
of the Lord in the Qur'an, which says that it is necessary to obey God's command and
show compassion to his people, and I followed it in all my work throughout my life.
The fifth attribute: "I have always prioritized Islamic affairs over everyday and
worldly affairs." "I started to do my daily work only after I finished obeying God
first."
The sixth quality: "I have always acted truthfully in all my words. I was able to
distinguish the truth from the lie in what I heard about this world and that world.
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The seventh quality: "I kept my promise to everyone. I did not do anything
contrary to my promise. I realized that if I always keep my promises exactly, then I
will be fair and I will not hurt anyone."
The eighth quality: "I always considered myself the custodian of God's property
on earth and spent it without God's permission."
The ninth attribute: "I always tried to fulfill the command of God and the hadith
of his prophet Muhammad alaihissalam."
The tenth attribute: "I have always held high the banner of honesty and
considered spreading the faith as the mighty ground of my greatness."
The eleventh quality: "I always treated the Sayyids with respect. I mentioned
scholars and sheikhs. I always invited these people to meetings. I listened carefully to
what they said about religion and followed it. That's why the people loved me so
much and everyone was grateful to me."
Davani thinks that he should acquire a certain profession. But he brings out a
unique idea that the variety of professions originates from the diversity of people's
character and behavior. The diversity of character and behavior leads to the fact that
each person begins to engage in a certain profession. If the thoughts and nature of
people were the same, everyone would strive for one profession and not occupy
others. This could lead to enmity and quarrels, he reasoned naively.
Davani's classification of social classes applies the 4 elements: water, air, earth
and fire to human society, and believes that society consists of 4 groups just like the
elements.
Scholars, judges, mathematicians, doctors, astrologers belonging to the first
group correspond to the element of water.
The second group consists of soldiers. Davani compares them to the element of
fire for their boldness and bravery. Employees of the financial economy, merchants,
rich people, artisans and craftspeople, civil servants are included in the element of
Davani air. They deal with food and property. The last, i.e., the fourth group of
people are mainly peasants, laborers who work in agriculture in general.
Davani believes that the king should not fight for personal gain. In order to fight,
a soldier must acquire 3 qualities: that is, he must be brave, intelligent and skillful in
fighting. In this regard, it is important to adequately evaluate and motivate the
soldiers who have shown themselves. It is not proper for a king to lose his vigilance
even after defeating an enemy. He pays great attention to the soldiers who keep the
country united and safe. Such a view of the thinker was natural for the feudal society
of that time. Zero, on the one hand, he supported the increase and protection of the
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army, and on the other hand, he opposes unjust and senseless wars that depress the
state.
Davani considers courage to be one of the highest human qualities. In the eyes
of a scientist, a courageous person should possess humility, endurance, gentleness,
mental freshness, self-control, self-worth, kindness, steadfastness, and other similar
qualities.
Speaking about courage, Davani emphasizes that a person should be strong in
heart when faced with a danger, not lose himself in the face of failure, and behave
bravely without straining.
According to the thinker, it is necessary to be able to distinguish naughty actions
from real passionate actions. After all, some people do things that look like ambition
only from the outside.
Davani contrasts courage with cowardice. Some are afraid of difficulties and
look for an easy way in life, first of all, they criticize such people, stressing that
enthusiasm is connected with the concepts of difficulty and neediness.
"Courage," says Davani, "is real only when it is carried out by the command of
the mind and its purpose is to acquire (positive) qualities." Therefore, a person should
show courage only with the judgment of the mind and only when it is necessary.
Soldiers are considered the most courageous people, because they guard the borders
and fortresses of the state. Therefore, they are the most respected people of the state.
The head of state should always provide them with material support and honor every
soldier.
According to Davani, there are noble and vile, vile professions. Noble
professions depend on a person's mental strength. They are divided into three, the
first is ministerial and other positions, the second is achieved through education.
These include dealing with disasters, geometry, medicine and others. The third group
of professions depends on a person's ambition. They include riding, soldiering and
similar professions.
It can be seen from the mentioned opinions that the opinions put forward by the
encyclopedic scientists of the East are related to the extent to which they acquire
professional knowledge, skills and qualifications in military activities. At the same
time, the professional formation of a military person is determined by the content of
their ideas and concepts about military activities.
Used literature:
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