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ENSURING ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND SAFETY IN
MICROPROCESSOR-BASED RAILWAY CONTROL SYSTEMS
A.A. Saitov
Abstract.
This scientific article examines the flexibility and safety features of
automation and telemechanics systems in railway transport, focusing on control and
management devices for track sections that utilize electromagnetic fields. The study
investigates the interaction of microprocessor-based monitoring and control devices
with track circuits under the influence of external interference. Key aspects analyzed
include electromagnetic field adaptability, safety functions, the use of inductive
sensors for axle counting, and inductive interactions. Special attention is given to the
formation and effects of eddy (Foucault) currents.
Keywords:
induction, sensor, control, inductor, wheelset, axle counting method,
electromagnetic field, inductor.
Introduction
With the growing complexity and speed of modern railway transport, the
reliability and safety of control and monitoring systems have become paramount.
Microprocessor-
based devices form the core of today’s railway automation and
telemechanics systems, ensuring accurate tracking, control, and decision-making
processes. However, as these systems become more advanced and densely integrated,
they are increasingly exposed to electromagnetic interference (EMI), which can
compromise operational reliability and passenger safety.
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) plays a crucial role in maintaining system
integrity by ensuring that devices function correctly within an electromagnetic
environment without causing or suffering from interference. At the same time, safety
functions embedded within microprocessor-based systems are designed to detect
faults, respond to hazardous conditions, and maintain the safe operation of trains and
infrastructure.
This paper explores the strategies for achieving electromagnetic compatibility in
railway microprocessor systems, the design of robust safety functions, and the role of
inductive components and sensors in ensuring system resilience. Emphasis is placed
on real-world challenges such as external noise, the formation of eddy currents, and
the integration of axle-counting technologies for enhanced situational awareness and
fault tolerance.
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One of the main directions of development of JSC "Узбекистон темир
йуллари" is the construction of railway transport facilities and the improvement of
the railway sector, while railway transport plays a special role in the development of
the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The total length of the railway network
of the Republic of Uzbekistan is about 7000 km, of which about 2500 km of public
railways have been electrified [4].
In order to improve the convenience of passenger transportation and bring them
to the level of world standards, JSC "Узбекистон темир йуллари" has created a
route that improves the convenience of high-speed passenger trains. High-speed
traffic on the routes Tashkent-Samarkand, Samarkand-Karshi, Samarkand-Bukhara is
carried out by the Afrosiab high-speed electric train (Patentes Talgo, S.L, Spain). The
maximum speed of the train is 250 km/h. With the launch of high-speed trains, safety
issues are becoming more relevant [4].
On the basis of the considered methods of counting the axles, it was proved that
the method of the mathematical model determines the exact parameters of the
structural position of the sensitive elements of the induction sensors relative to the
wheelset and the rail [1].
The block diagram of the wheelset and rail of the wheel pair inductance sensor
(WHPIS) sensing element of one of these sensors is shown in Figure 1 [2].
Figure 2 shows the sensitive element of the sensor with inductor 1 located in the
same horizontal plane at the junction of the wheel induction coil, and also shows a
conditional diagram of the distribution of the magnetic field from the induction coils
of the wheel pair inductance sensor (WHPIS) and its interaction with the wheel
flange.
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X
Y
Z
B
4
3
2
1
K
U
K
i
Fig.1.
Structural
arrangement of the sensitive
(WHPIS) to the elements relative
to the wheels and rails
Wheel comb
Н
а
)
b)
Indicator
.
in
U
Foucault current fields in the wheel crest
Fig.2. Interaction of (WHPIS) inductive
coils with a wheel comb: a) influence on
each other by mutual induction; b) the
occurrence of Foucault currents.
Figure 1 shows the inductor and the sensing element of the sensor at the same
time (two inductors, connected and connected in series, located in the same
horizontal plane at the transition of the wheel flange); 2 - wheelset; 3 - rails; 4 - the
period of excitation of the (WHPIS) inductor and the period of registration of the
signal that occurs when the wheel passes.
Figure 2 shows the sensitive element of the sensor with inductor 1 located in the
same horizontal plane at the junction of the wheel induction coil, and also shows a
conditional diagram of the distribution of the magnetic field from the induction coils
of the wheel pair inductance sensor (WHPIS) and its interaction with the wheel
flange [3].
The magnetoelectric system "inductor WHPIS-wheel-rails" is a three-
dimensional system, in contrast to the systems considered in industrial automation,
which is structurally indeterminate, multi-parametric and with a high degree of
variability. The numbered wheel flange in this system runs along the X-axis in a
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certain longitudinal direction above the surface of the sensing element of the
inductive sensor, where the Y-axis of the transverse deflection and the Z-axis of the
vertical deflection relative to the direction of transition of the wheelset, which can
vary in a fairly wide range. The main elements of this circuit are the electromagnetic
field created by inductive coils, its interaction with the rails in the absence of a
wheelset on the sensor and with the wheelset and rails when it passes through the
sensor. Mathematical modeling of the operation of such a system presents serious
difficulties, since when modeling and calculating the (WHPIS), it is necessary to take
into account not only the parameters of the elements of the electrical circuit, but also
the size of the previous wheel pair, the geometric dimensions of the inductor, the
geometric parameters and its interaction with the wheel pair [2].
In practice, it is impossible to calculate such a system in an analytical form with
a single generalized mathematical model. In addition, it is difficult to describe and
present the functional dependence of the output signal shown in Fig. 2 on the
parameters of the wheel pair, the parameters of the inductor and the parameters of the
relative position of the wheel pair crest along the X, Y, Z axes, as well as on the
(WHPIS) inductor coil. However, as mentioned above, it is these connections that
determine the reliability of the (WHPIS) operation in real operating conditions with a
wheel pair and a ground rail.
Based on the described described processes, a method was determined for
modeling the electromagnetic field of electrical devices similar to the logic element
(and-or) in 3 visual applications and its interaction with the wheel flange.
Electric interlocking, microprocessor interlocking, microprocessor semi-
automatic blocking and automatic blocking in the construction of modernized and
new lines, the distribution of failures of devices used and modernized by
microprocessor methods of railway crossings, the number and main causes of system
failures, technical and technological in the development of vehicles and the idea of
replacing railway lines with digital signals.
Interaction of microprocessor devices for control and management of railway
transport with external interference, electromagnetic field flexibility, safety functions
and inductive wheelset counting sensors, interaction inductance in technological
processes of signaling, interlocking and blocking systems. The formation of Foucault
currents is analyzed.
References:
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1. Saitov A.A. Application of fiber optical sensors for counting axes of a mobile
stock systems of automation and telemechanics on railway transport. International
journal of advanced research in science, engineering and technology. Vol. 7,
P.15066-15073. Issue 10, October 2020.
Saitov, A. A. (2020). APPLICATION OF FIBER OPTICAL SENSORS FOR
THE ACCOUNT OF AXES OF THE MOBILE COMPOSITION OF AUTOMATIC
AND TELEMECHANICAL SYSTEMS ON RAILWAY TRANSPORT. Journal of
Tashkent Institute of Railway Engineers, 16(2), 178-185.
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CONTROL DEVICES FOR ROAD SECTIONS OF RAILWAY AUTOMATION
AND TELEMECHANICS
. International Scientific Conference “Construction
Mechanics, Hydraulies and Water Resources Engineering” (CONMECHYDRO
-
2021) held on April 1-3, 2021 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Saitov, A., Kurbanov, J., Toshboyev, Z., & Boltayev, S. (2021). Improvement of
control devices for road sections of railway automation and telemechanics. In E3S
Web of Conferences (Vol. 264, p. 05031). EDP Sciences.
3. Boltayev S., Raxmonov B., Muxiddinov O., Saitov A., Toshboyev Z. A block
model development for intelligent control of the switches operating apparatus
position in the electrical interlocking system. International Scientific Conference
“Construction Mechanics, Hydraulies and Water Resources
Engineering”
(CONMECHYDRO-2021) held on April 1-3, 2021 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
(SCOPUS).
Boltayev, S., Rakhmonov, B., Muhiddinov, O., Saitov, A., & Toshboyev, Z.
(2021). A block model development for intelligent control of the switches operating
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