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SEMANTIC-DERIVATIONAL FEATURES OF COMPUTER
LINGUISTICS TERMINOLOGICAL UNITS
Gulamov Shokhjahon Rustam o‘g‘li
Master degree student, Uzbek State World Language University
Semantic derivation and semantic word formation are closely related
concepts that reflect different functions in the formation of a semantic system.
Semantic derivation characterizes lexical-semantic processes in a language, and
semantic word formation is typical of grammatical semantic processes. Semantic
derivation is a quantitative factor of semantic changes since the emerging new
connotations of words increase their semantic scope. First of all, this is a
phenomenon of speech, not a language, because the actualization of different
connotations of words depends on the context in which the unit of language is
used. Thus, the text plays an important role in the functioning of semantically
filled elements (syncretes). The text describes the meaning of the word.
Semantic word formation is a phenomenon and the result of a qualitative
step of a new unit of the linguistic invention, with its own meaning, which fixes in
the language. In this case, the context does not determine the actualization of one
or another meaning of a linguistic unit. It determines the choice of a particular
word from a number of units that are similar in meaning or form. The process of
semantic inference leads to the formation of semantic syncretes, which are multi-
valued units. The actualization of their connotations does not directly depend on
the context. Then the trends of semantic derivation led to the appearance of the
first metonymic and then metaphorical semantic derivatives. The latter are units
that actualize their connotations in context immediately, i.e. units with contextual
meaning.
As mentioned above the word derivation can be defined narrowly and
broadly. If, in a narrow meaning, the derivation is an affix formation: “The
formation of new words with the help of affixes (or by means of dis affixation)
according to the word-
building models characteristic of a given language”. In a
broad meaning, it can be defined as a process that also extends to the use of a sign
in a new meaning and it is in a broad meaning that the term semantic derivation
is used.
It should be noted that most linguists understand semantic derivation as
the formation of the meanings of a polysemantic word. In turn, the concept of
semantic derivation is a way of developing the polysemy of a word. However, the
semantic derivation is a process in which a word acquires new meanings, i.e. the
process of increasing the semantic volume of a word. Derivation has directions of
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changes that determine the main types of derivation itself: metonymic and
metaphorical processes of changes in the structure of the word from the point of
view of semantics.
Derivation in general meaning is understood as a deviation from the initial
state, a change in the direction of development, or a branch. Hence, the linguistic
term semantic derivation is used to describe the semantic processes resulting in
changes from the original meaning of a word. The term
“
computational
linguistics
”
is associated both with the science of natural language and with such
concepts as
“
computers
”
,
“
programs
”
, and
“
Internet
”
. This, in turn, limits the
subject area to the development of linguistic software, hardware, and
technologies, such as computing equipment specifically designed for processing
natural language texts.
Such equipment is mainly used in systems for recognizing various
parameters of oral speech, as well as in special systems used for character
recognition. There is a part of computer terminology that was originally included
in the terminological systems of related sciences:
The following terms in the computer sphere are formed using the
metaphorical method of transfer:
Noun terms based on similarity
:
•
appearance: memory card
–
memory card (
карта
памяти
),
•
functions output device
–
output device (
устройство
вывода
). Adjective
terms based on similarity
•
Significance of signs of objects and phenomena nonvolatile storage
–
‘
persistent memory (
постоянное
запоминающее
устройство
).
Verb terms based on similarity
:
•
functions: hibernate
–
switch to standby (sleep) mode (
перейти
в
ждущий
(
спящий
)
режим
).
Our sampling process revealed the presence of a number of one-component
terms. Semantically, they are divided into those that describe:
•
computer processes: access, bridge, bug, command, crash, down,
environment, fault, font;
•
computer parts: cable, segment, chip, display, hub, mouse, screen, etc.
linguistic terms: stem, split, tense, word etc.
Backdoor
–
a back door
–
a weak point in the system, of random or planned
origin (through the back door, an informed person can easily access the system);
•
the same terms that may appear in different meanings in different fields
of knowledge:
Base
–
in military terminology, it is translated as a base, a strong point; in
sports
–
the starting point; in architecture
–
a pedestal, a plinth; foundation
”
, and
in the field of computer technology
–
base, base address (address of RAM or ROM,
relative to which addresses are calculated).
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From experience, it becomes clear that the prevalence of a term affects the
accuracy of its meaning. The narrower the medium of distribution of the term, the
more precise its use. At the same time, its meaning is often expressed to a greater
extent by the concept of a scientific, and not a nationwide one. However, despite
this, linguistic and related categories expand the nature of words and their
dynamic changes, the features of their use in speech and their continuous
multiplication, the ability to identify developmental problems, serve for their
comprehensive and deep interpretation.
REFERENCES:
1.
Ахманова О.С. Словарь лингвистических терминов. М.: Сов. энцикл.,
1969. 129 с.
2.
A Dictionary of Computer Science. Edited By A. Buttuerfield, G. E. Ngondi,
and A. Kerr, Oxford university press, 2016.1133с
3.
A Lady. Grammatical Game in Rhyme. Cheapside, London: Saml. Conder. 1802
4.
Bolshakov I. A., Gelbukh A. Computational Linguistics. Models, Resources,
Applications. Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Universidad Nacional Autonoma De
Mexico, Fondo De Cultura Economica. Mexico, 2014.186с.
5.
Boltayeva D. Sh. Xalqaro aloqalarni bildiruvchi terminlarning
lingvomadaniy hususiyati: magistrlik dissert., Toshkent, 2016.86с.
6.
Butaev Shavkat Turdaliyevich English-Uzbek Uzbek-English dictionary
(70 000 words and expressions-5th edition)
