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Nowadays, the role of teachers in the educational process has changed.
New demand was placed on his managerial activities. It includes referral,
appointment, study, assistance, support, advice, guidance, supervision,
demand, training. In short, in our country almost three has a thousand-year
history. During this period, great scientists appeared in our country who
made an invaluable contribution to the development of world science. We
must not forget that the future of our youth homeland is Uzbekistan. In this
regard, the use of traditions, customs, heritage of our great ancestors,
international experience, without prejudice to our nationality in improving
the quality of education, creates the basis for Uzbekistan to become one of
the leading countries in the world.
References:
1. Lafasov M. “O'zbekiston Respublikasining xalqaro aloqalari”. T.:1995.
2. www.ziyonet.uz
3. www.ma'rifat.uzsayti
Gulshod Karimova (PhD), Tashkent
State Pedagogical University named
after Nizami
SOME CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE PROCESS OF LEXICALIZATION OF
GRAMMATICAL UNITS
G. Karimova
Abstract: The article discusses changes in the semantic structure of the
word, and the process of lexicalization of grammatical units is described on
the basis of a comparative analysis of Uzbek and English materials.
Keywords:Grammatical unit, lexical unit, lexical-semantic field,
language level, lexicalization.
It is well known that just as everything in the universe is in dialectic
growth and change, so the units of the grammatical level of the language are
in constant motion. In fact, there is no language in the world that is outside
this process. We all know that factors that directly affect the development of
a language cannot be stopped, and that they are never connected with a
person’s desires. As a result of the evolutionary development of language,
old systems are replaced by new ones.
Linguistic units that were previously in common use, and then left this
circle, have a different status, in contrast to their historical roots. This also
applies to complex processes associated with the lexicalization of the
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grammatical form in the language. This complex process, which can be
confirmed by lengthy historical observations, is described in the Glossary of
Linguistic Terms as follows: “Lexicalization. Convert a syntactic unit (phrase
or sentence) to a lexical unit (words or regular expressions). Mas., Oʼzb. per
thousand, wages, the conversion of railways into a lexical unit. (1;49)
Of course, the above description of the process of lexicalization, which
is one of the means of increasing the internal potential of any language, does
not reveal all the features of this phenomenon. Indeed, the process of
lexicalization is narrowly interpreted and interpreted accordingly. In our
opinion, the phenomenon of lexicalization manifests itself not only in the
passage of a phrase or sentence, but also of any grammatical unit of meaning
to a lexically significant language unit, and the grammatical elements
involved in this process have semantic meaning in a certain space and time.
The process of lexicalization, in which grammatical units take on a lexical
form, ultimately requires the conversion of a whole phrase or a specific
grammatical form, and sometimes the suffix itself, into a unit of independent
lexical meaning together with a related base.
Lexicalization is one of the factors that increase the vocabulary of a
language. As a result of the lexicalization of grammatical units in the
language system, new lexical units appear. The process of lexicalization of
word forms is unique as a complex phenomenon that indicates certain
changes in the development of the language. Lexicalization is the process by
which language elements move from the grammatical level to the semantic
field. In it, individual grammatical forms depart from their paradigm and
become independent words or part of them. For example, in the Uzbek
language ravish, which is studied in the context of a group of words, is
formed as a result of a combination of conjunctive suffixes in horses with the
words one, true, and false, in fact - one, true and false. They are not divided
into foundations and affixes in terms of the modern language: answers one
question as a whole. A similar situation is observed in the case of English. In
English linguistics, lexicalization is seen as a process by which grammatical
forms pass to independent words and acquire new lexical meanings. The
References: notes that the lexicalization of plural nouns is active:
Custom- urf-odat, customs – bojxona
Damage – zarar, ziyon, damages –zarar o’rnini qoplash
Development –taraqqiyot, developments –voqea-hodisa
Direction – yo’nalish, directions –ko’rsatma
Duty – burch, duties - soliq
Picture – kartina, pictures - kino
From the above examples, it can be seen that the suffix -s, which is used
to indicate the plural of horses in the English language, has a completely new
meaning when it is added to the base. This leads to the fact that the
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lexicalization phenomenon is considered as one of the manifestations of
word formation.
In conclusion, the phenomenon of lexicalization, based on the transition
of grammatical units into a lexical-semantic field, is theoretically defined in
Uzbek and English. In practice, it varies depending on the degree of its
occurrence at the level of the language and the factors that cause it.
References:
1.
Ҳожиев А. Лингвистик терминларнинг изоҳли луғати. –
Тошкент: Ўқитувчи, 1985. -125 б.
2.
www. Merriam Webster – 1828
3.
www. about education
Aziza Karimova, Teacher of Samarkand State University
ADAPTATION OF CHILDREN TO PRESCHOOL CONDITIONS
A.Karimova
Abstract: The article discusses ways of adapting children to preschool
education, ensuring that children are in harmony with society and the
environment.
Key words: family, child, circumstances, personality, behavior.
In the family environment, from the first birthday, the child learns a
certain diet, eating habits, the atmosphere of family relationships and ways
of communicating with them in the prescribed manner. Depending on family
circumstances, the child develops certain skills and habits, and depending
on the environment, the style of behavior begins to take shape.
Even small changes affect the behavior of young children. This is due to
the fact that the child’s life experience is not very large, and adaptation to
new conditions creates certain difficulties for him.
So, one of the most significant changes in the life of a child is their
transition to preschool institutions. This can lead to serious changes in the
behavior of the child and the development of adverse reactions. A number
of habits that are formed in a child can change, and previously formed
stereotypes regarding sleep and nutrition can change in relations with
adults. This transition is harder for a child. Adaptation to new conditions is
not always smooth and not easy.[1-15]
The adjustment period depends on the nature of the child and age. In
this difficult period for any child, when taking the child to a preschool, you
need to talk with parents, find out about home conditions, nutrition of the
