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To sum up, Infographics is needed in every sphere. It is a requirement
of current society. Any type of journalistic material readers are fed up with
sameness, same form and meanings. Infographics, visual forms clear away
the information from extra pattern words. Hence, any media using this new
method will cause enxiching of their audience.
References:
1. Atajanov H, Marziyayev J. âInfographics-as a journalistic text
visualizationâ. "QMU xabarshisi" (2019. â3. 161 -163 pages)
2.Bayer Mark Simisiklas "The power of infographics"
3.https://www.semrush.com/blog/the-power-of-infographics-how-
do-they-create-impact/
4.https://www.statsilk.com/blog/real-difference-between-
infographics-and-datavisualizations
5.https://www.producthunt.com/posts/the-beginner-s-guide-to-
creating-shareableinfographics
6.https://ru.m.wikipedia.org
7.https://www.canva.com
Juraeva Muslima Baxodir qizi Bachelor`s student at Tashkent State
University of Law
PROSPECTS FOR LEGAL EDUCATION IN UZBEKISTAN: MY OPINION AND
VIEWS.
M. Juraeva
Abstract: In this article the author made an attempt through analysis and
comparison with leading universities of the world to express his point of
view about legal education in an accessible way, and also try to formulate
his vision regarding the future of legal education in the Republic of
Uzbekistan.
Keywords: personnel policy, legal education, subsidiary, choice of
disciplines, tutorials, "punctuality syndrome".
In the world in every rapidly developing state, personnel policy is the
main factor for strengthening stability in any branch of human life within
the state itself. If professionals in their field work in any state in every
industry, then, for example, no one will be condemned unjustly by the
judicial authorities, and no one will die because of the negligence of doctors.
One of these countries, which pay great attention to personnel policy, is
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
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Japan thanks to the introduction of reforms of Emperor Meiji in the early
twentieth century
15
.
In this case, the state sent young people to Europe and
America only to study four areas: medicine to improve public health,
technology to develop future technologies in Japan, the right to develop the
ability to correctly apply its Constitution and laws in order to further
develop the state.
Over the past three years, reforms in each sector of the life of the
population of our country have been accelerated in Uzbekistan. These
changes did not bypass the legal sphere. It is believed that the legal sphere
should not lag behind those industries that keep up with the times, because
each industry carries out its activities on the basis of certain regulatory acts.
The better the legal education of lawyers, the better the provision of legal
services. In this article we will analyze legal education in Uzbekistan,
compare it with legal education in other countries, and also try to present
our ideas about the future of this education.
It is no secret that in our country the development of legal education is
not only related to higher education, because this process begins with
secondary education. In this regard, in this article we will divide legal
education into parts: the process of obtaining education before entering a
university and the process of obtaining education in the university itself, as
well as in other states.
Initially, we will analyze the process of obtaining a legal education
before entering a university. At this stage, it is worth paying attention to
secondary and secondary specialized education, as they provide basic
knowledge in the field of lawmaking. After gaining basic knowledge,
students should develop their knowledge and skills at the university.
However, at this stage they are faced with a number of problems.
The main part of the subject of law is repeated and in many cases the
subject of law is studied superficially. This prevents students from
highlighting the most important aspects that they will need in the future. In
this regard, in the university itself, after admission, students have to study
the basics of law again.
If we consider a country where a developed legal education, then,
basically, we will pay attention to the legal education of the United States of
America. Each school in America has its own special law lessons, where
students receive basic knowledge. As a result, with this basic knowledge,
they can go to university and continue to study the field of law
16
.
15
http://www.iam.or.jp/asia-pacific_panel/pdfdownloads/london99-paper2.pdf
16
https://edusteps.com.ua/blog/obuchenie-v-usa/920-obuchenie-v-sfere-prava-v-
ssha.html
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
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At the same time, there is currently a strong shortage of school teachers
teaching the subject of law. This problem, of course, will affect the level of
knowledge of students. In general, of the working people in the system, more
than 422 thousand teachers, 65 thousand have secondary specialized
education. The number of teachers of the highest category is only 11
thousand. These indicators indicate a real problem, since without qualified
personnel there will be no literate youth. On the one hand, these statistics
tell us about the shortage of personnel, and on the other, when we studied
statistics on the employment of graduates of the Tashkent State Law
University in 2019, we noticed that not one graduate chose to work in a
school for teaching and independent study of law students.
We think that for the further development of legal education in schools
and law colleges, the Law University in Uzbekistan, it is necessary to create
âsubsidiaryâ in schools and colleges so that university students motivate
students to study and implement their theoretical skills in the university
itself.
At the same time, to maximize freedom in the choice of disciplines for
students, which will give them the discretion to study one or another subject
that is useful to them for entering a university. Thus, they do not spend
money on tutors and do not lose time in vain
17
.
Higher legal education, which impedes the full development of legal
education in Uzbekistan, did not pass by the nuances.
We believe that in order to eradicate these problems, it is necessary to
increase the studentâs interest in studying the discipline, possibly through
the use of innovative methods and their active involvement in the
educational process. Actual is the statement of V.O. Klyuchevsky, according
to his words «the word was given to the teacher in order to arouse the
thoughts of others»
18
.
If at this phase we will look through the legal education at universities
in the USA and England, in particular at Harvard, Oxford and Cambridge,
then there is another practice.
In our opinion, it is worth paying more attention to practice, as is done
in Harvard, in one of the leading universities in the world. âThe pedagogical
concept of the Harvard Law School is based on the need to consolidate
theoretical knowledge in practice: as free work or volunteering
19
.
At Harvard University, students choose their future specialization only
in their second year of study. Then, students are invited to choose one of 50
areas of knowledge (concentration) or build a unique specialization (special
17
https://www.iqconsultancy.ru/articles/srednee-obrazovanie-v-usa/
18
https://w.histrf.ru/articles/article/show/kliuchievskii_vasilii_osipovich
19
http://smapse.ru/yuridicheskoe-obrazovanie-v-ssha-luchshye-shkoly/
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concentration), drawing up their own curriculum of an interdisciplinary
nature
20
. Based on this, we can say that they themselves make their own
schedule, which will include exactly those disciplines that the student
himself wants to study.
In addition to lectures and seminars, there are tutorials at Oxford
University. An essay is written on this topic in advance, and then the topic of
the seminar and student essays is discussed with the teacher and other
students. This approach allows the student to study the topic before the
seminar in detail, as well as to develop their analytical and critical thinking,
horizons, as well as improve their written language
21
.
An innovative approach was introduced at Cambridge University of
England. Seminar leaders themselves book places for seminars scattered
around the city. This atmosphere allows them to go beyond the framework
of university rules and feel freedom of thought, as well as a change of scenery
gives them a break from the routine actions that they perform everyday
22
.
Our next opinion on legal education is that students need to develop a
âpunctuality syndromeâ. Punctuality in leading US universities is very much
appreciated, so if a student is 15 minutes late, then this is considered as
absenteeism. This approach teaches discipline and responsibility.
In addition, in legal education at universities teachers should be not only
lawyers, but also teachers. They may be good in practice, but they cannot
achieve such results with the students. According to Z. Rotterdamsky âIt is a
great misfortune when a teacherâs methods discourage a child from any
desire for knowledge before he can understand the reasonable grounds on
which he should love them. The first step on the path to education is
attachment to your mentor ...âBased on this expression, we can say that the
main goal of a teacher should be not only the transfer of knowledge in a
particular field, but also the inspiration of his student to achieve any heights
where the teacher himself will indicate the correct path.
And also we think that we need to introduce the system of â1 excellent
student - 2 good studentsâ. The bottom line: each excellent student will be
responsible for two of his fellow students; he will help him in solving cases,
find the right materials for study, explain the correct structure when writing
the final and intermediate control.
Summarizing the foregoing, we want to note that in the near future legal
education can take its rightful place in the world stage. To achieve this goal:
20
https://www.unipage.net/ru/harvard_university.
21
https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/student-handbook?wssl=1
22
https://www.cambridgestudents.cam.ac.uk/cambridge-life
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First, more attention should be paid to improving teaching methods by
introducing more and more interactive teaching methods. This technique
will help to increase interest in the subject itself.
Secondly, to the extent possible, retrain the staff at the university itself,
so that it is easier for teachers to find a common language with their
students. Since the teacher should not only share his knowledge, but also
inspire students to achieve new heights.
Thirdly, pay more attention to practice, since the theoretical knowledge
gained must be applied in practice at the same time, which will effectively
influence the improvement of students' professional skills. We believe that
having got rid of the above problems, having analyzed the weaknesses of
legal education in our country, applying the experience of leading
universities in the world, we will be able to achieve the desired results in the
future.
References:
1.http: //www.iam.or.jp
2. https://www.norma.uz
3. https://www.unipage.net/en/harvard_university.
4. https://www.educationindex.ru
5. http://smapse.ru
6. https://www.iqconsultancy.ru
7. https://medium.com
8. https://mel.fm/mirovoy_opyt/9812467-cambridge_university
9. https://www.cambridgestudents.cam.ac.uk
10. https://www.ox.ac.uk
Tojiboyev Umidjon Usmonjon oâgâli, Fergana Polytechnic Institute,Teacher
of the department "History of Uzbekistan
ARCHITECTURE OF THE KOKAND KHANATE
U. Tojiboyev
Abstract: This article analyzes the architectural monuments of the
Kokand Khanate, one of the most prominent states in the history of Central
Asia, and their construction methods based on archival documents and
diaries of ambassadors to the khanate.
Keywords: architectural monuments, city wall, hallway, alabaster, wood
stove, tile, column
It has not been preserved to this day, it has been destroyed and
destroyed. In the 1950s, it had some ruins. In general, the wall of Kokand
