Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
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as well as the brightness of the overall coloristic sound. Merging in harmony
with nature, workers are illuminated by the sunlight of a clear day, and their
movements are full of optimism and love of life.
Like many artists at that time, P. Benkov wrote mainly on topics that are
socially in demand, but despite a certain pressure from the ideology of that
time, the artist was able to maintain the impressionistic approach to the
painting, characteristic of his work, although he could not avoid attacks from
criticism, often accusing him of etudes and incompleteness. It is worth
recalling that the sketchy nature of the transfer of nature, so necessary to
convey a fresh impression, was widely popular among the impressionists,
but did not find approval from the artists of socialist realism.
Reference:
1. Н. Ахмедова. Живопись центральной Азии XX века: Традиции,
самобытность, диалог. .:Т 2004. С,45
2. П.П.Беньков. Воспоминания. Переписка. Т.: Издательство
литературы и искусства имени Гафура Гуляма, 1981. С,7
3. Беньков Павел Петрович 1879-1949. Государственный музей
Востока. М.:2009. С, 30
4. В. Чепелев. Искусство Советского Узбекистана. Л., 1935. С 125
Sitora Primova PhD researcher at university, World Economy and
Diplomacy
«IMPACT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC ON THE TRANSPORT AND
TRANSIT ECONOMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN: MEASURES TAKEN
AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES»
S. Primova
Abstract: The article examines the impact of the pandemic on the
transport and transit economy of Uzbekistan, analyzes the problems that
arose as a result of the pandemic and measures taken by the state during the
crisis period. Positive developments in the transit economy were also noted,
such as the activation of the transition to digitalization, the new transport
corridor and the strengthening of integration of the Central Asian countries.
Keywords: coronavirus, transit economy, digitalization, integration,
tariffs, export, transport corridor.
The world health organization (WHO) has declared the new
coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic [1]. Worldwide,
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
210
serious measures are being taken to combat the spread of coronavirus
infection, primarily by imposing restrictions on the movement of people on
transport and air routes, as well as suspending the activities of enterprises.
In Uzbekistan, as in all countries, in order to prevent the spread of the virus,
closed their borders and stopped passenger traffic in transport routes.
Consequently, the transport industry has been seriously affected around the
world.
For the study were analyzed the works of V.P. Sidenko, A.V. Kuznetsov,
A.N. Prikazyuk "Problems of epidemiology and prevention of natural foci
infections in the territory of international transport corridors", D.T.
Ibragimov "Assessment of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the
transport sector of Uzbekistan and measures to mitigate negative
consequences", materials of JSC "Uzbekistan Temir Yullari", IPEM, SCO
organization and Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Included are materials from the address of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan and the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
from March 19, 2020 №UP5969 "On the priority measures on mitigating the
negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic and global crisis phenomena
on the economic sectors".
What was the result of the pandemic in the field of transport and transit
economy of Uzbekistan?
First of all, in order to prevent the spread of the virus, since March 20,
2020, passenger traffic on buses, cars, railways and air transport on
international routes has been suspended for 40 days [2].
As history shows, transport occupies a leading place among other
industries in terms of its state significance, penetration into all regions of the
country and beyond, and the possibility of spreading epidemic diseases. In
epidemiological terms, passenger transport vehicles are considered as
transporters of migration routes for the transmission and spread of
potentially dangerous pathogens over long distances [2].
An unfavorable epidemiological situation in the countries of Asia,
Africa and Latin America in terms of quarantine (plague, cholera, yellow
fever), as well as other and new, including the most dangerous viral
infections, the growth of international passenger and freight traffic created
favorable conditions for the entry of exotic agents of dangerous diseases in
other countries [3].
An example of the spread of malaria is the introduction of this fever from
the outside by means of transport, including sailors, aviators, passengers,
tourists on their return from hot countries. The danger of spreading and
appearance of anthropurgical (urban) foci of this protozoic infection is
caused by the presence of a specific vector in the areas of airports, ports, and
railway stations – places of mass congestion of passengers [3].
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
211
But a large-scale shutdown of the entire transport system can lead to
serious economic problems. The analysis of the dynamics of the main
transport indicators for the 1st quarter of 2020 shows a decrease in traffic
volumes due to restrictions imposed by some countries in road transport in
import traffic by 33.7%, in air transport, on air in transit traffic - 52.5%. If in
the 1st quarter of the current year indicators on air (export and import) and
automobile (export and transit) modes of transport had a stable growth rate
to the same period of the last year, then already for 20 days of April in the
midst of the quarantine period, a sharp decline in all types of communication
is observed [2].
In order to mitigate the crisis, the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan raised the issue of providing tax holidays and preferences on
credit debts, allocating budget loans to the sectors most affected by the
pandemic [4].
In particular, Mirziyoyev noted that there is a growing risk that
enterprises in transport and logistics (loan - 650 billion UZS), foreign trade
enterprises (loan - 3.6 trillion UZS) will not be able to repay the loans on
time and for this reason, together with the Ministry of Investment and
Foreign Trade of Uzbekistan held negotiations with foreign creditors of
Uzbekistanairways JSC to review the terms of repayment of loans and
payments on them in connection with the occurrence of force majeure
events ("force majeure"). To compensate for a part of transport costs of
business entities engaged in foreign trade activities and for other sectors of
the economy, the Anti-Crisis Fund under the Ministry of Finance of the
Republic of Uzbekistan was established in the amount of 10 trillion UZS
without establishing a legal entity. All tax audits have been suspended until
the end of the year, as well as the imposition of penalties and fines for
overdue debt on export and import transactions [5].
On the other hand, the Coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the
process of implementation of digitalization, optimization of railway
activities, as well as enhanced integration of Central Asian countries and
countries members of international organizations. [6,7]
In order to ensure food security, also to support the economy of the
state, the activity of the railway movement continued to work in a regular
mode, with the condition of obligatory implementation of all security
measures [7].
Special attention has been paid to the supply of the food sector. In
particular, there is currently a growing demand for services for the
transportation of fruits and vegetables by rail to CIS countries. Special
conditions have been created for the transportation of agricultural goods,
the downtime process has been extended from 1 to 4 x days. Domestic
entrepreneurs make requests for shipment of this category of goods [6].
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It is worth noting the social and economic role of rail transport (railway)
in supporting food security of the Republic of Uzbekistan, where it was
imported at an affordable price and high quality: 800 thousand tons of flour,
100 thousand tons of potatoes, 130 thousand tons of sugar, 100 thousand
tons of oil and over 500 thousand tons of other products [2].
To ensure security, the export activity was reorganized, the system of
document processing was structured and the documentation processes
were switched to electronic digital format: if earlier suppliers from different
regions of Uzbekistan received necessary bank documents only in Tashkent
city, now it is possible in every region. Also at the head of "Uzbekistan Temir
Yollari" JSC the introduction of online document processing for exporters
has been activated, and for importers the conditions for registration of
documents in a single window have been created, and from April 1, 2020 the
obligation of preliminary information about the receipt of goods through the
electronic portal to the customs authorities has been established. These
services make it possible to reduce delivery time, organize all procedures
more efficiently, securely and accelerate the process of transition to
digitalization [6].
In the area of transit economy, existing transit corridors are being
improved and new transit corridors are being opened, international
multimodal cargo transportation is being established, using flexible tariff
policy. Uzbekistan's geographical position in Central Asia provides favorable
advantages for the organization of cargo transportation along all routes.
Currently, there are 13 export-import corridors through which products
can be delivered to more than 20 ports around the world [6].
Containers transportation between Uzbekistan and Turkey has also
been established, on 06.04.2020, a flight from Uzbekistan went to another
container railway caravan. In this direction, the export of products by
container train is the fastest and highest quality, and a sharp increase in
demand is expected, especially for textile products. Taking into account that
the route runs along the transit Trans-Caucasian corridor Baku-Tbilisi-Kars,
this route has the character of multimodal transport and is important as a
new promising multimodal transport corridor [2].
Also, within the framework of mutually beneficial cooperation between
the Republic of Uzbekistan and the neighboring Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan, the freight traffic by rail is actively developing, 4 trains of
export goods were dispatched in 218 wagons, due to the improvement of
flexible schedule the speed of delivery was reduced from 5-6 days to 2 days
[6].
Despite the pandemic, Uzbekistan's cargo turnover has positive
indicators, the volume of exports transported by rail increased by 12% in 1
quarter compared to the same period last year and reached 2.3 million tons.
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
213
It is also expected that the volume of imports in Q1 will grow by 5.6%
compared to the same period last year and by the end of the year will reach
13 million tons [6].
The current situation with the pandemic has also strengthened
integration in the Asian region. In particular, Uzbekistan sent humanitarian
aid to Afghanistan by train on the Angren-Tashkent-Termez-Mazar-e-Sharif
route, which included medical masks, protective overalls, thermal imaging
cameras, pyrometers, flour, oil, rice, household soaps and clothing for
children. [6]
Boeing 767-300PTC with the third cargo of humanitarian aid from
Uzbekistan to Russia as part of the fight against COVID-19 arrived at
Vnukovo International Airport on April 23.
Uzbekistan also provided humanitarian aid to Kyrgyzstan. According to
Kyrgyz experts, this noble step shows that relations in Central Asia today
have a completely different face.[8].
As SCO Secretary-General Vladimir Norov noted, "The coronavirus
epidemic has become a test of the unity and strength of cooperation between
SCO countries. First of all, it manifested itself in the willingness to share not
only the epidemiological and organisational experience, but also to provide
financial, economic and food aid to each other. It is well understood in our
countries that no state will be able to ensure its own security by suppressing
the coronavirus only on its territory as long as the disease continues to
spread in the neighboring countries" [8].
Russia, China, Uzbekistan have also sent aid to Iran and Afghanistan,
which are SCO observer states. Currently, China, where the virus has gone
down, is providing necessary assistance to the SCO countries by sending
humanitarian supplies [11]. Chinese and Russian specialists are working on
the vaccine development [9].
According to IPEM, the COVID-19 pandemic has only accelerated, not
provoked, global changes in the world economy due to "tectonic shifts" [10].
It can also be noted that the changes in the transport and transit economy of
Uzbekistan due to the measures taken by the state accelerated the process
of transition to digitalization and new modern conditions for
representatives of the transport industry [12] and new international
transport corridors have been activated. To support the economy, it is
necessary to develop a plan of measures to stabilize the economy and
protect it from COVID-2019, based on the results of scientific research and
forecasts, as well as global experience, including in the field of transport.
References:
1.
The
official
WHO
website.
Available
at:
https://www.who.int/ru/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
214
2019/technicalguidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-
and-the-virus-that-causes-it.
2.
https://mintrans.uz/ru/news/transportning-barcha-turlarida-
xalqaro-yo-nalishlarda-yo-lovchi-tashish-to-xtatiladi
3. Sidenko V.P., Kuznetsov A.V., Prikazyuk A.N. "Problems of
epidemiology and prophylaxis of natural focal infections on the territory of
international transport corridors", Journal "Actual problems of transport
medicine" No 4 (10), 2007.
4. President's address to the people in connection with the situation
around the coronavirus. Press service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Available at https://mfa.uz/ru/press/news/2020/03/23835/.
5. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. UP5969 of
19 March 2020 "On the priority measures to mitigate the negative impact of
the coronavirus pandemic and global crisis phenomena on the economic
sectors". Available at: https://lex.uz/ru/docs/4770763.
6. http://railway.uz/.
7. http://www.fao.org.
8. https://e-cis.info/news/568/86834/
9. http://infoshos.ru/ru/?idn=24402.
10. http://ipem.ru
11.The Chinese authorities have supported road carriers in the
coronavirus. Information and analytical agency "SeaNews", 27.03.2020.
Available
at:
https://seanews.ru/2020/03/27/ru-vlasti-kitaja-
podderzhali-avtoperevozchikov-vuslovijah-koronavirusa/.
12. https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3231853.html.
13. Ibragimova D.T. "Assessment of the impact of coronavirus pandemic
on the transport sector of Uzbekistan and measures to mitigate negative
consequences", collection of articles "Ensuring macroeconomic stability of
the new economy of Uzbekistan" in 2020.
Umarova Saodat, assistant, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics,
Samarkand Medical Institute
Kudratova Zebo, assistant, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics,
Samarkand Medical Institute
ONLINE EDUCATION IN UZBEKISTAN
S. Umarova, Z. Kudratova
Annotation. The learning process is the interaction of the teacher,
student and learning tools. The capabilities of modern computer tools and
information technologies make it possible to assign part of the teacher’s
functions and part of the learner’s functions adopted in the classical form of
