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ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL SIGNS AND DIAGNOSIS OF SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS IN
PRODUCTIVE CATTLE
Qosimov S. J.
Scientific Supervisor: (PhD),
Bakhtiyarov Sh.
Master
Usmanova K. Sh.
Master
Samarkand state veterinary medicine
medicine and livestock biotechnology Tashkent branch of the University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15543996
Abstract:
In the article productive sub clink in cattle from ketosis to the patient animals
milk amount decreasing , in content acidity increase, food digestion to do in the process one
how much problems to be, mucus curtains yellowing such as clinical signs with you passing of
the disease etiology, clinical signs and diagnostics according to your information analytical
statement made.
Key words
: subclinic ketosis, clinical ketosis, protein, ketone particles, acid amount,
proteins and oil.
Login.
Uzbekistan In the Republic livestock field and his/her networks develop for
2022-2026 program confirmation about in the decision: Today on the day in our republic total
18,032 livestock farms there is of which 7,614 cattle breeding, 3,263 sheep and goat farming,
142 horse breeding, 52 camel farming, 1,163 poultry farming, 4,829 fishing, 715 beekeeping
and 254 rabbit farming in the direction of organization done farms support support measure
events by designating placed .
Subject Relevance:
Current on the day population count increase them village farm to
products demand increase is being monitored. Also milk products for consumption suitability
check their in the composition acidity high situations prevent to take It is an urgent issue.
Literature analysis:
Ketosis – Bo'goz and milk giver in animals substance exchange
violation organism acetone poisoning in the blood increasingly urine with output, milk with
output with is characterized.
Etiology. Disease usually on a diet far term during digestion divider proteins and oil
substance feed in the diet out of the norm passion with develops.
Clinical signs. In cattle ketosis mainly clinical and subclinical in cases Milk quantity
decreased, decreased acidity level 20 increases, smell unpleasant, tasteless bitter will be. Sick
of cows appetite is broken down, in the div actions decreases, blood vein and heart hit
number increases, mucus curtain color yellowing rank enters.
Diagnosis. all in animals diagnosis sick from an animal taken blood, urine and milk in the
content ketone of the cells to the amount based on is placed.
Research object and methods:
The study was conducted on young calves of the "Jamol
Ota" cattle breeding farm, Yangiyul city, Tashkent region.
The “Jamol Ota” farm has a total area of 5 hectares, and there are 230 cattle on the farm,
of which 130 are Holstein cows in the dairy sector, and 35 are 6-month-old calves. Cows
produce up to 32 liters of milk per day at a rate of 12 liters. They are fed with silage, silage,
bran, corn, straw, alfalfa and hay throughout the day.
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It is a metabolic disease in which ketone bodies are elevated above normal levels in
cows due to energy deficiency, but clinical symptoms are not yet apparent. It is mainly
observed at the beginning of lactation - in the first 2-6 weeks after calving.
According to the results of the study:
As a result of the examination, it was
determined that there was an abundance of protein-rich foods in the farm's diet. Ketosis
occurs when proteins and fats in the diet exceed the norm in cows. During a clinical
examination of the cows, yellowing of the mucous membrane was observed in some of them.
In order to diagnose the disease in a comprehensive manner, based on anamnesis data,
recording of symptoms characteristic of the disease, and laboratory tests , blood samples
were taken from the cows and tested using a device adapted for testing ketosis. It was
determined that the number of ketosis cells was higher than 1. At the same time, blood
samples were also taken for total protein and blood biochemistry and sent to special
laboratories.
To detect subclinical ketosis, laboratory and field express methods are used. The main
ones are listed below.
1. Detection of ketone bodies in urine (Ketonuria test)
Method: Acetone and acetoacetate are detected in cow urine using special test papers
(dipsticks). A color change is observed within 1–2 minutes.
Advantages: Fast, cheap, can be used in field conditions
Cons: Only detects moderate to high levels of ketosis
Ketones appear in the urine later
2. Measuring the amount of ketone bodies in the blood
a) Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels BHB is the main marker for subclinical ketosis. A
blood sample is taken (from the ear vein or jugular vein). The result is obtained immediately
using a special portable ketone analyzer.
Norm and diagnostic criteria:
<1.0 mmol/L — normal
Above 1.2–1.4 mmol/L — subclinical ketosis
>3.0 mmol/L — clinical ketosis
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b) The amount of NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids) in the blood plasma. An increased
level of NEFA indicates fat mobilization (a sign of energy deficiency). Above 0.3 mmol/L is a
risk indicator.
Figure 1. Centrivet GK apparatus was used to detect ketosis.
3. Detection of ketone bodies in milk
Method: Special milk test reagents (naptophor, ketotest) are used. The reagent is added
to the milk - a color change is observed.
Advantages: Can be checked directly during milking. Fast and cheap.
Disadvantages: Less sensitive to BHB levels in the blood
4. Determination based on the amount and composition of milk (indirect signs)
Milk fat/milk protein ratio >1.4 — a sign of subclinical ketosis
The fat percentage in milk increases, while the protein decreases.
This test can be measured through laboratory analysis.
5. Periodic monitoring (prevalence control)
Cows are routinely tested 5–14 days after calving
Out of every 10–20 cows, 5–10 are randomly selected for testing (for preventive
purposes).
Consequences of subclinical ketosis.
Milk production decreases by 20–30%
Uterine involution is delayed.
The risk of postpartum diseases (metritis, endometritis) increases.
Conclusion:
Measures are being taken to restructure the diet of livestock farms
specializing in cattle breeding, change the composition of feed, and treat animals with ketosis
separately.
Subclinical ketosis is a latent but very harmful metabolic disorder. Measuring the level of
ketone bodies in blood, milk or urine is the most reliable method for its detection. Early
diagnosis and treatment can prevent losses. A monitoring program should be implemented on
every large farm.
References:
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