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101
ETIOLOGY OF HYPOVITAMINOSES A AND D IN YOUNG ANIMALS
Qosimov S.J.
Scientific Supervisor: (PhD),
Usmanova K.Sh.
Master
Samarkand state veterinary medicine medicine and livestock biotechnology
Tashkent branch of the University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15542334
Abstract:
This in the article Age animals A and D hypovitaminosisI with sick animals
growth and from development stay , lose weight, slime floors pale, skin dry, wool cover glitter
loss, bones mortification with passing substance exchange etiology according to information
cited .
Key words
: hypovitaminosis A, hypovitaminosis D, carotene, Rhodopsin, Rickets,
deformity, calcium and phosphorus.
Login.
Uzbekistan In the Republic livestock field and his/her networks develop for
2022-2026 program confirmation about in the decision : Today on the day in our republic
total 18,032 livestock farms there is of which 7,614 cattle breeding, 3,263 sheep and goat
farming , 142 horse breeding , 52 camel farming , 1,163 poultry farming , 4,829 fishing , 715
beekeeping and 254 rabbit farming in the direction of organization done farms support
support measure events by designating placed.
Subject relevance
. Today on the day in our republic total 7,614 cattle breeding if their
some growth and from development to remain, to lose weight , to slim down floors pale , skin
dry, wool cover glitter loss of bones mortification such as situations prevent to take current
task is considered .
Literature analysis:
Hypovitaminosis and Avitaminosis A. (A hypovitaminosis )
Animals everyone avitaminosis inside the most many scattered , it is in the calf, the pig in
children, in the hands and in chicks often, in mares and less Vitamin A is produced in the dark
. to see providing rhodopsin biosynthesis for necessary . Rhodopsin eye net on the curtain of
sticks light sensor pigment is considered. Light fall as a result pigment broken down , nerve
impulses harvest to be provides.
Reasons.
Vitamin A in the diet or his/her provitamin calculated carotene amount animal
need Endogenous hypovitaminosis A hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, gastroenteritis, some
contagious and invasion diseases or chronic poisonings during observation possible
Etiology:
Vitamin A deficiency active shape calculated retinol eye ( retina) opsin protein
in the membrane with from the merger rhodopsin ( see purple ( h ) will be and that eye into
the darkness adapt provides. When vitamin A is deficient skin , eye young glands , conjunctiva
, respiratory paths , digestion channel and urogenital members in the epithelium hyperplasia
and branching develops , as well as mucus curtains h gesture functions decrease , ovary and of
the testicular epithelium metaplasia and to dystrophy follicles atrophy , spermiogenesis
fading , skin epithelium hyperplasia and branching , sweat and sebaceous glands atrophy
develops . Sexual members epithelium injury of the murtak to die and baby to throw reason to
be possible . Eye horn of the curtain drying up to remain and of sight decrease specific sign is
considered .
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Hypovitaminosis D is a disease of young growing animals associated with a deficiency of
vitamin D, an imbalance of phosphorus and calcium in the div. It leads to the development of
rickets. Rickets can also occur against the background of a deficiency in the div of other
vitamins, vital micro- and macroelements, as well as with ultraviolet radiation and
gastrointestinal diseases.
Causes
. The main causes of rickets in young cattle are: vitamin D deficiency, imbalance
or deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in the div of the young animal, and keeping them in
damp and cold rooms.
Etiology.
Avitaminosis D, or rickets, occurs as a result of insufficient vitamin D in the
diet and prolonged exposure of animals to ultraviolet rays. Rickets is also caused by an
imbalance in the ratio of calcium and phosphorus salts and their insufficient amount in the
diet.
Figure 1. Skin pathology in an animal with hypovitaminosis A
Research object and methods:
The study was conducted on young calves of the
“Jamol Ota” cattle breeding farm, Yangiyul city, Tashkent region.
The "Jamol Ota" farm has a total area of 5 hectares and has 230 head of cattle, of which
130 are Holstein cows for dairy farming and 35 are 6-month-old calves.
When examining the area allocated for calves, it was found that there was poor
sunlight and a malfunction in the air circulation system. When examining their feed, they were
only given up to 3 liters of milk twice a day, and bran was given as a supplement.
During clinical examination of calves, signs such as unsatisfactory general condition of
calves, growth and development delay, dullness of wool cover, decreased elasticity of wool,
loss of appetite, calves licking each other, the floor and various objects are observed. Calves
have difficulty walking, pain in the joints and minor mechanical injuries can also lead to
fractures of the tubular bones. The calf's spine and tubular bones are curved, and the calves
are uncomfortable due to pain when palpated. In order to diagnose the disease in a
comprehensive manner, blood samples were taken from 5 calves up to 6 months of age, based
on anamnesis data, recording of disease-specific symptoms and laboratory tests.
According to the results of the study:
The calves showed unsatisfactory general
condition, growth and development retardation, dullness of the coat color, decreased
elasticity of the coat, loss of appetite, and bone mortification. . In order to make a clear
diagnosis, blood tests are taken from the calves and their contents are examined for calcium,
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phosphorus, alkaline reserve, hemoglobin, total protein, etc. The disease differential in
diagnostics of bones fracture, cobalt deficiency, diseases distinction necessary .
Conclusion:
The main etiological factors of the disease are a deficiency of vitamin A,
vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus minerals in the diet of newborn animals, as well as
disorders in the functioning of the endocrine glands.
Typical signs of the disease include stunted growth in young animals, painful movement,
curved legs and spine, a drooping abdomen, and changes in appetite.
References:
Используемая литература:
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