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THE COMPARISON OF HUMAN TRANSLATION AND MACHINE
TRANSLATION. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MACHINE
TRANSLATION AND HUMAN TRANSLATION?
Urolova Munojaat Qurbonazar qizi
Foreign language faculty 1st year English language
Jizzakh State Pedagogical University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15535294
Annotation:
In the age of technology, many people prefer using machines to translate
various types of texts. Even person who knows English very well also tend to use these type
of machines. Because these kinds of devices are user-friendly, fast and accessible. Moreover,
it takes time just a few minutes. But It might not be always perfect and lead some translation
errors. This article shows the advantages and disadvantages of human translation and
machine translation.
Keywords
: Human Translation, Machine Translation, Technology, Communication,
Translation errors, Texts, Languages, Limitation.
Translation is essential in today’s globalized world ,(Wittgenstein (1922) famously
stated, “
The limits of my language mean the limits of my world
,” reminding us how crucial
translation is for expanding one’s worldview and enabling global communication. However,
translation is not basic knowledge, it takes many years to learn it. Furthermore, there are some
limits how many languages you can learn fully. But most people consider that it would be quite
easy, if you have translation machines. With the development of technology, these translation
machines are widely used. However, nodiv thinks about wether it might make mistakes. Is
it possiple machines could replaced human translators? This article compares human and
machine translation, enlightening their limitations,veracity and helpfulness.
The machine translation (MT) is getting widespread almost thousands of users every
single day. One of the reason for that these days numerous people tend to make conversation
with people who speak another language and start relationship with them. As a result, today,
we could see, for example, 3.5 billion users, people are communicating virtually more than ever.
Of course, they could not achieve
that online without developed
technology and translation
machines. Another reason for why translation machines are getting worldwide is that it
supports variety languages to translate into another language which gives more options to
communicate with people. It is essential especially for businessmen and businesswomen who
want to spread their works, products, and innovation the whole world and they always need
for translators who knows more than two or more languages. They need a large number of
languages for gaining much successes. As a result, they are using some machine translations
“
With the rise of neural machine translation (NMT), such as Google Neural Machine Translation
(GNMT), machines have become more capable of understanding context and producing fluent
translations. However, they still struggle with cultural subtleties and idiomatic expressions
(Bahdanau et al., 2015).”
Now we could see the translation machines advantages and disadvantages
Translation machines work every day time which gives people expanding their working
time. Furthermore, humans could work with it when they want. It allows to rise quality of their
works “
Unlike human translators, MT tools offer constant availability, which is particularly useful
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for urgent or time-sensitive translations.”(Lopez, 2008, A Survey of Statistical Machine
Translation)
as this opinion mentioned, translation machines can translate huge number of
texts just a few minutes (like DeepL and Google translate). Machine Translation is also cheaper
costs than professional translators. Moreover, hiding professional translators demands of their
types. If you need to translate general texts which belongs to your job documents, you are
supposed to pay lower price. Nevertheless, if you are in the need of translating special fields,
like science, biology or medical texts, you have to pay much more. But,”
MT allows organizations
to translate more content at lower costs, enabling global access to information.”
(Koehn,
Statistical Machine Translation, 2010) ,which gives for people more options to save their
money. Even some machine translations are for free.”
MT systems maintain consistent
translations for recurring terms, which is crucial in technical and legal documents.”
(TAUS
Report, 2016) Translation machines know multiple language, as a result, it is used all over the
world.
Although it has so many profits to use machine translation, there are some disadvantages.
According to linguis
t David Crystal (2010), while machine translation is undeniably useful, it still
lacks the nuance and cultural awareness that human translators bring to the process.
This
limitation is especially visible in translating idioms, humor, or poetry.
“
MT engines still struggle with polysemy, idioms, and other context-dependent
expressions.”(Gambier & van Doorslaer, Handbook of Translation Studies, 2013
)Which means,
translations are not almost able to translate some idioms, metaphors and old-fashion words.
Consequently, translate it a little bit strange and unnatural. Moreover, there would be
grammatical issues which leads some difficulties of understanding.“
Machine translation lacks
cultural sensitivity, often leading to misinterpretations and even offense.”(Nida, Language,
Culture and Translating, 2001)
Some words has meaning more than one so MT cannot translate it correctly
Some people use machine translation with speaking. At that time the machines has some
problems with tones, intonation and div language . “
MT is ineffective for literary translation,
where artistic expression and emotional nuance are essential.
”(Venuti, The Translator’s
Invisibility, 1995).Besides, dependency to machine translation reduce learning and humans
communicating skills.
Human translators has been appreciated since ancient time, especially, if they knew
multiple languages. It started to be used kings, queens, traders and sailors to communicate and
represent one another. Another key thing to remember, it still play a vital role exactly same
fields with before. Likewise, Humans are in the need of human translators. As Anthony Burgess
once pointed out,
translation goes beyond words; it involves conveying the spirit and culture of
the original text (Burgess, 1985)
. This highlights why human translators are still indispensable
in many contexts. Therefore, everyone tends to learn at least one foreign language. With the
increasing globalization and multicultural interactions in the 21
st
century, the demand for
skilled human translators is more relevant than ever before. As Nelson Mandela once said,
“If
you talk to him in his own language, that goes to his heart.
Additionally, this article discuss both side of human translation .
Human translators are better at understanding idioms, metaphors, and complex grammar
than machine translation.
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Human translators understand ambiguity words. Similarly, they can adapt to context
which makes the text smoother.
HT translate poems, novels and dramas much better than machine translation if they are
aware of poetry.
Human translators can adapt context with cultural perception. As George Steiner stated,
“
Without translation, we would be living in provinces bordering on silence.
” (Steiner, 1975). This
reminds us how crucial translation is in connecting cultures and civilizations.
Human translation takes too long time than machine translation especially long texts.
human translation has just a few languages maximum seven or less them. It is not enough
for gaining much successes.
Every person make mistakes. Walter Benjamin once said, “
Translation is a mode
.” He
believed that translation reveals hidden aspects of the original text that even the author may
not have fully realized. If translators also make mistakes, it would lead terrible problems (like
among country ambassadors).One of the most famous translation errors occurred during the
Cold War, when Nikita Khrushchev’s phrase ‘
We will outlast you’ was mistranslated as ‘We will
bury you’,
causing international tension.
Individual or professional translators might charge high price while machine translation
are for free.
Noam Chomsky (2006) argues that
machines cannot fully replicate the subtlety and depth
of human language. Th
is further confirms that even with technological advancement, machines
may never entirely replace human translators. Thus, this urges me to think it will never
happen in the future. The reason for that, human translation is easier to understand with the
availability of adopting context, adding emotions and translate with intonation. While
machine translations are quick, it might have some mistakes. For that reason I prefer using
human translation while I work with important documents and academic texts. However I also
tend to use machine translation to translate small texts or understand general ideas quickly.
In conclusion, while machine translation offers speed and convenience, human
translation provides depth, accuracy, and cultural sensitivity. Depending on the purpose of the
translation, both methods have their place in modern communication. So I do not believe, in the
future, machine translation could fully replace human translation.
References:
Используемая литература:
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:
1.
Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., & Bengio, Y. (2014). Neural machine translation by jointly learning
to align and translate. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473.
https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.0473
2.
Benjamin, W. (1968). The task of the translator. In H. Arendt (Ed.), Illuminations: Essays
and Reflections (pp. 69–82). New York: Harcourt.
3.
Burgess, A. (1985). This Man and Music. New York: McGraw-Hill.
4.
Chomsky, N. (2006). Language and Mind (3
rd
ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
5.
Crystal, D. (2010). A Little Book of Language. New Haven: Yale University Press.
6.
Gambier, Y., & van Doorslaer, L. (Eds.). (2013). Handbook of Translation Studies (Vol. 4).
Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
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7.
Koehn, P. (2010). Statistical Machine Translation. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
8.
Lopez, A. (2008). Statistical machine translation. ACM Computing Surveys, 40(3), 1–49.
https://doi.org/10.1145/1380584.1380586
9.
Nida, E. A. (2001). Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign
Language Education Press.
10.
Steiner, G. (1975). After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
11.
TAUS. (2016). Translation Automation Report 2016. Translation Automation User
Society.
https://www.taus.net/think-tank/reports/translation-automation/translation-
12.
Venuti, L. (1995). The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. London:
Routledge.
13.
Wittgenstein, L. (1922). Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (C. K. Ogden, Trans.). London:
Kegan Paul.
