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THE ISSUES OF TRANSLATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
Abdazova A’loxon Rivojiddin qizi
Student, group 2102 Department of information service and public relations
Uzbekistan State World Languages University
E-mail:
Annotation.
Deciphering a phraseological unit is certainly not a simple matter
as it relies upon a few elements: different combinability of words, homonymy,
synonymy, the polysemy of phraseological units, and the presence of erroneously
indistinguishable units, which makes it important to consider the specific circumstance.
Also, countless phraseological units have a complex expressive part in significance,
which normally has a particular public element. The in advance of referred to decides
the need to get to know the fundamental standards of the overall hypothesis of manner.
Keywords:
phraseological units, translation strategies, phrasemes, sayings,
complete congruities, incomplete similarities, non-congruities, phraseological
equivalence, lexical structure.
The accompanying sorts of phraseological units might be noticed: phrasemes
and sayings. A unit of consistent setting comprising a reliant and a steady marker might
be known as a phraseme. A saying is a unit of steady setting which is portrayed by a
vital significance of the entire and by debilitated implications of the parts, and in which
the dependant and the showing components are indistinguishable and equivalent to the
entire lexical design of the expression. Any kind of phraseological unit can be
introduced as a positive miniature framework. During the time spent deciphering
phraseological units practical etymological are chosen by looking at two explicit
phonetic standards. These standards uncover components of resemblance and
qualification. Certain pieces of these frameworks might relate in structure and content
(totally or to some degree) or have no adequacy. The fundamental sorts of
phraseological congruities are according to the following: Complete congruities.
Incomplete similarities. Nonattendance of similarities. Complete congruities.
Complete happenstance of structure and content in phraseological units are seldom met
with. "Dark ice" сильный мороз "To carry oil to fire" - подлить масло в огонь. "To
lose one's head"- потерять голову. Halfway congruities of phraseological units in two
languages expect to be lexical linguistic and lexico-syntactic different with the
character of significance and style for example their allegorically close, however fifer
in lexical creation morphological number and syntactic game plan of the request
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words.
1
One might find Incomplete lexical similarities by lexical boundaries "lexical
structure". To get up off base (saying) - встать с левой ноги. To have one's heart in
one's boots. (figure of speech) - душа в пятки ушла. To blow one's top - выйти из
себя,потерять терпение. To move to someone's line. (maxim) - плясать под чью-то
дудку. Halfway similarities by the syntactic boundaries Varying as to the
morphological course of action (number). To fish in upset waters. (maxim) - ловить
рыбу в мутной воде . From head to foot (phrase) - с головы до ног. To concur like
crazy (phraseme) - жить как кошка с собакой . To keep one's head (phrase) -
сохранять спокойствие духа Varying as to linguistic plan Make the most of present
opportunities - куй железо, пока горячо. Egyptian murkiness - тьма кромешная.
Furnished to teeth - вооруженные до зубов All not gold that sparkles - Не все золото,
что блестит Nonattendance of congruities. Numerous English phraseological units
have no phraseological congruities in Russian. In the main case, this concerns
phraseological units based on realize.
2
While interpreting units of this sort it is prudent to us the accompanying kinds
of translation: A word for word in the same words translation Translation by similarity
Graphic translation, A word for word translation is conceivable when perspective (in
the phraseological unit) doesn't bear a particular public element. To call things by their
actual names (expression) - называть все вещи своими именами The weapons
contest (phraseme) - гонка вооружений Cold conflict (maxim) - холодная война To
test someone's sanity (maxim) - одурачить кого-либо. Distinct translation. Distinct
translation for example interpreting phraseological units by a free mix of words is
conceivable when the phraseological unit has a specific public element and has no
analog in the language it is to be converted into. To go into the house (phraseme) -
стать членом парламента. To cross the floor of the house. (expression) - перейти с
одной партии в другую Running corresponding to the trouble of its definition, the
translation of diction is absolutely another prickly angle. Inside the setting of the
current conversation, a contributor to the issue should be put down to the absence of
comparability between a PU in the source text (ST) and the objective language (TL),
as completely examined by Gläser (1984) or Valero Garcés (2000). However, different
specialists in the field (Corpas, 1996; Roberts, 1998) likewise property awful outcomes
in translations to the irregular inclusion of PUs in monolingual and bilingual word
1
Dik S. C. Functional Grammar.— Amsterdam – NewYork – Oxford: North-Holland Publ.
Comp.,2012. — 230 p.
2
Davidson D., Harman G. Semantics of Natural Language. — Dordrecht: Reidel, 2008. — 496 p.
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references, which are then of little assistance to experts. The interpreters' preparation
is a further reason to worry. Now and again, interpreters neglect to distinguish these
units, a sort of conduct that appears to point at the interpreter's unfortunate order of the
language being referred to (Corpas, 2001) or at an absence of reasonableness towards
PUs (Nida and Taber, 1969: 99-112; Lozano, 1992: 145).
In line with this, Boase-Bier (2006: 3) stresses the elaborate nature of deciphered
texts, contending that information on expressive translation hypothesis can
significantly affect an interpreter's complex decisions. This researcher reasons that
being familiar with speculations include an inventive commitment to them so that they
widen the interpreter's psyche, increment mindfulness, and can liberate the interpreter
from too shy a reliance on the source text. As respects analogy and its translation in
non-artistic texts, Boase-Bier (2006: 100) feels that the auxiliary significance joined to
meter or redundancies in them welcomes the interpreter to save the allegories of the
ST, "thus the gamble of it is immaterial to lose a significant theoretical illustration".
Concerning the systems engaged with the translation of a phraseological unit from the
source text into the objective text (TT), Baker (1992: 72-78) recommends five distinct
methods: 1. Utilizing a PU of comparable significance and structure. This creator
concedes that this procedure can sometimes be accomplished because it is
exceptionally requesting: it includes involving a PU in the objective language which
conveys generally the very importance as that of the source language and, what's more,
comprises comparable lexical things. 2. Utilizing a PU of comparable significance
however different structure. For this situation, the importance is kept however the
articulation in the objective language comprises various lexical things. 3. Translation
by rework. Since it isn't generally imaginable to observe a match in the objective
language for the PU, this appears to be by a wide margin the most well-known approach
to interpreting expressiveness. 4. Oversight. The PU is precluded out and out in the TT
(target text) since it has no nearby correspondence in the objective language, its
significance won't be quickly reworded or expressive reasons prompt against it. 5.
Remuneration. It infers exclusion of the PU where it happens in the ST to present it
somewhere else in the objective message. It tends to be inferred that the worthiness or
non-adequacy of utilizing any of the strategies just Phraseological Units: Persuasion
and Translation depicted will rely on the setting where a given PU is deciphered, as
well as upon elaborate inquiries. In the examination of the models that follow, we will
inspect which of these methodologies is generally normally utilized and why. 5. The
examination A significant sum, while perhaps not all, of the beauty care products
handouts gathered open up with what we brought in segment 4.1 "stage one", that is,
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drawing a disturbing image of the risks that encompass our skin. It is in this manner
that the thing expression "skin/peau (in French)" turns into an almost mandatory
constituent of numerous articulations, to the degree that it can be viewed as a feature
of them. This occurs in (6) and (7) underneath where the phraseological units "make
harm" and "be enduring an onslaught" seem to have the generally surprising constituent
"skin".
The presence of this 'new' component should bring vulnerability and disquiet. If
it's not too much trouble, note that the underlining shows the structures under study:
Free extremists are small oxidizing particles that can make harm your skin. <Estée
Lauder> Les radicaux libres sont de miniature molécules oxydantes qui peuvent abîmer
votre peau. Los radicales libres poseen pequeñas moléculas oxidantes que pueden
causar daños a su piel. 6. (7) ...the entire day, consistently, your skin is enduring an
onslaught. <Estée Lauder> Chaque jour, promote au long de la journée, notre peau est
constamment agressée. ...durante task el día, cada día, su piel es atacada por agentes
externos. The translation procedure embraced in (6) for the objective texts in French
and Spanish is the one marked "a" in segment 4.2 above, to be specific, the one that
answers the example of complete proportionality in significance and structure. These
adaptations keep up with the elaborate impacts that have been made in the source text.
It is worth focusing on, however, that on account of the Spanish text the elective choice
"dañar su piel" (because harm to your skin') would have sounded more normal than the
strict translation picked. The French objective text in incorporates the verb-modifying
structure "constamment" ('continually') to build up the fleeting component of the
assault: "chaque jour" ("consistently"), "promote au long de la journée" ("day in and
day out"). Note that the request for the time references has been transformed
concerning the source text. The Spanish TT expresses the attackers in the form of the
prepositional phrase “por agentes externos” (‘by external agents’) to round off the
sentence and, above all, to complete the argument structure of the passive verb “atacar”
(‘attack’). We go now to a model which utilizes the PU "to unleash destruction on" to
summon a strong, disturbing picture of the pulverization that can be caused on our skin:
(8) ...the sun's UV beams can unleash ruin on skin's appearance. <Estée Lauder>
Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses ...le peril des rayons UV et ses conséquences
néfastes sur la peau. Los rayos UV pueden causar estragos sobre el aspecto de su piel.
The accompanying arrangement of models, headed again by French, flawlessly
embodies our logical case about the conflict allegory in beauty care products flyers:
(10) Profondément destructeurs des atouts de la jeunesse, les aléas de la strive
quotidienne (surmenage, tabac, stress, manque de sommeil, contamination, exhaustion,
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rayons UV...) attaquent en première ligne la peau fine et portable du form de l'œil,
particulièrement vulnérable. <Christian Dior> The burdens and strains of day to day
existence (exhaust, smoking, stress, absence of rest, contamination, weariness, UV
beams, and so on) are exceptionally disastrous to the actual resources of youth, and the
fine, portable skin of the eye region is particularly powerless against assault.
Profundamente destructores de la juventud, el ritmo de nuestra vida cotidiana
(agotamiento, tabaco, estrés, falta de sueño, polución, fatiga, rayos UV...) atacan en
primera línea la piel fina e inestable del contorno de los ojos, particularmente helpless.
The elaborate impacts got from the ST join expressly the two theoretical similitudes
previously mentioned: beauty is good and beauty is at war. The first is acknowledged
on account of the PU "des atouts de la jeunesse" ('the resources of youth'). In the
second, the source area 'war' is connected with the objective space 'excellence' in two
phases: first and foremost, by two equal syntactic mixes of PUs as modifier phrases
("profondément destructeurs" ('profoundly horrendous') and "particulièrement
vulnérable" ('particularly defenseless') where the strength of the assailant diverges from
the casualty's powerlessness.
3
Additionally, the area of the previous, "compete for
quotidienne" ('day to day existence'), causes the assault to show up considerably
seriously threatening. Besides, the PU "attaquent en première ligne la peau" ('assault
from the front/first line of the skin'), presents a conflicting term with the outsider
supplement "la peau" ('the skin'), which conveys an impression of complete
annihilation.
4
Conclusion.
In conclusion, the translation of phraseological units presents
significant challenges due to their idiomatic nature, cultural specificity, and the
complex interplay of linguistic elements such as homonymy, synonymy, and polysemy.
The nuances in meaning and context, combined with differing linguistic structures,
make the task of translating phraseological units intricate. Complete congruities
between source and target languages are rare, and translators often need to employ a
variety of strategies, including rewording, adaptation, and compensation. The
effectiveness of translation depends largely on the translator’s ability to recognize
phraseological units and to find equivalent expressions that preserve both meaning and
style. Cultural elements, public references, and the figurative nature of language further
3
Hill A. Introduction to Linguistic Structures. — New York: Holt, Rinehart and Windston, 2012. —
528 p.
4
Eggins S. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. — London: Printer Publishers, 2011.
— 426 p.
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complicate the process, requiring sensitivity and creativity. Moreover, inadequate
training and insufficient dictionary resources can hinder translators, leading to
suboptimal translations.
Ultimately, successful translation of phraseological units relies on balancing
literal meaning with the cultural and stylistic nuances embedded in the expressions. By
carefully selecting appropriate methods and considering the context, translators can
maintain the integrity of the original message while making it accessible and relatable
in the target language.
THE LIST OF USED LITERATURE
1.
Dik S. C. Functional Grammar. — Amsterdam – NewYork – Oxford: North-Holland
Publ. Comp.,2012. — 230 p.
2.
Davidson D., Harman G. Semantics of Natural Language. — Dordrecht: Reidel,
2008. — 496 p.
3.
Hill A. Introduction to Linguistic Structures. — New York: Holt, Rinehart and
Windston, 2012. — 528 p.
4.
Eggins S. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. — London: Printer
Publishers, 2011. — 426 p.
5.
Baker, M. (1992). In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. London:
Routledge.
6.
Boase-Beier, J. (2006). Stylistic Approaches to Translation. Manchester: St. Jerome
Publishing.
7.
Corpas, G. (1996). Manual de Fraseología Española. Madrid: Gredos.
8.
Gläser, R. (1984). "The Translation Aspect of Phraseological Units in English and
German." In Phraseology and Culture in English, edited by Paul A. Wray, 125–144.
Berlin: de Gruyter.
9.
Valero Garcés, C. (2000). Translation and Interpreting in Multilingual Contexts.
Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
