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NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR MULTISTAGE CLEANING OF COTTON FIBER
Olimov Odiljon Tursunmurodovich,
doctor of Technical Sciences
Tashkent institute textile and light industry, Uzbekistan,
100100, Tashkent, Shahjakhon str.№5. E-mail:
odilolimov75
ABSTRACT
The article presents the research results of an innovative cotton fiber cleaning
technology using a multi-stage fiber cleaning unit with adjustable cleaning frequency. The
developed technology significantly increases the fiber cleaning efficiency to 36.15%
compared to 25-30% in traditional single-stage fiber cleaners. Experimental data show a
2.5-fold reduction in air consumption and a decrease in pure fiber loss in waste. The
proposed technology ensures improved fiber quality, energy savings, and more effective
preservation of the natural properties of cotton.
Keywords:
cotton, fiber, fiber cleaner, working chamber, cleaning effect,
clogging, humidity, defect, litter, fibrous waste.
Due to the increase in the volume of difficult-to-clean selected varieties of cotton
and the increase in the share of cotton harvested by machines, the cotton ginning
industry is faced with priority tasks - the creation and implementation of new
technologies, machines and materials that are superior to the best domestic and world
analogues [1].
At the moment, the solution to this problem is carried out by improving all parts
of the technological process of primary processing of cotton, from cotton harvesting to
fiber pressing, and work is also underway to improve the quality of the fiber by
improving the fiber cleaning process.
Unfortunately, foreign experience in the field of fiber cleaning is of little use, since
abroad they mainly use fiber cleaners with clamping working bodies, which worsen its
natural properties (length, strength).
Based on this, abroad, double and more than double fiber cleaning on fiber
cleaners with clamping bodies and feeding tables is considered impractical and,
moreover, harmful [2].
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Previous studies have established that by increasing the frequency of cleaning
raw cotton on serrated sections by more than four passes, it is impossible to improve
the quality of the fiber, since with an increase in the frequency of cleaning, intensive
formation of the most harmful defects of the fiber is observed - broken seeds and skins
with fiber.
The most favorable area for promising searches in the technological chain of a cotton
plant is fiber cleaning. If today, when cleaning raw cotton, the cleaning effect has
already been achieved on the order of 95% or higher, then when cleaning the fiber in
the single-drum fiber gins currently used in cotton factories, it is at the level of 20-
25%. Consequently, the desire for a sharp increase in the cleaning capacity of fiber
cleaning machines has a real basis [4-6].
All of the above served as the basis for conducting scientific research to create a
more efficient multi-stage direct-flow fiber cleaner. This work is devoted to the
development of such a fiber cleaner.
Taking into account the above, in this work, studies of the fiber cleaning
production line were carried out.
Experimental part.
In order to regulate the frequency of fiber cleaning
depending on the initial content of defects and contamination in the fiber, maintain
physical and mechanical properties and reduce fiber losses during the fiber cleaning
process, increase the cleaning effect and save energy, a new fiber cleaning unit (Fig.
1.) with adjustable multiplicity of fiber cleaning.
To meet the modern high demands of the textile industry on the quality of cotton
fiber, there is an urgent need to introduce innovative technologies into the production
of primary processing of cotton, which would not only improve the quality of the fiber,
but would also allow for significant savings in energy resources, improvement of
working conditions and environmental protection.
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1- gin feeder, 2- gin, 3- connecting pipes, 4 - two-cylinder fiber cleaner, 5 - fiber
outlet, 6 - fiber cleaner with feeding table, 7 - mesh drum, 8 - saw cylinder, 9 - brush
drum, 10 - general battery condenser, 11 - pressing unit.
Figure - 1. Layout diagram of a bench installation for cleaning cotton fiber
The technological process consists of a new gin with a new working chamber and
mechanical fiber removal 2, a new two-cylinder fiber cleaner 4, a new fiber cleaner with
a unit for combing fiber 6 and a press 11.
Technological studies of the experimental installation were carried out in four
options for fiber cleaning:
- two-cylinder fiber cleaner with one saw cylinder;
- two-cylinder fiber cleaner with two saw cylinders;
- two-cylinder fiber cleaner with one saw cylinder and a fiber cleaner with a feeding
table;
- a two-cylinder fiber cleaner with two saw cylinders and a fiber cleaner with a
feeding table.
As a result of testing a two-cylinder direct-flow fiber cleaner, it was found that air
consumption is reduced by 2.5 times, and the content of pure fiber in the waste is 24.57%
versus 30.5% for the existing single-cylinder fiber cleaner. The cleaning effect of a two-
cylinder fiber cleaner was 36.15% versus 25-30% for a single-stage fiber cleaner.
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As the research results have shown (Fig. 2), when cleaning fiber, the mass fraction
of defects and impurities in the fiber is 5.29% after gin, and 3.88% after a single-drum
fiber gin, while the contamination of raw cotton from the gin tray is 1.36 %.
The cleaning effect of the single-drum fiber cleaner was 26.6%. On raw cotton of
the same contamination, the mass fraction of defects and impurities was 4.87% after gin,
3.16% after a double-drum gin, and the cleaning effect was 35.3%. Pure fiber in the waste
after a single-drum fiber cleaner was 33.7%, and after a double-drum fiber cleaner 24.5%.
After the double-drum fiber gin, waste was collected separately for each saw cylinder.
From under the first cylinder, the percentage of pure fiber in the fibrous waste was 37.22%,
and from under the second saw cylinder - 11.93%, while the mass of waste after the first
saw cylinder was 157.7 and after the second saw cylinder - 57.2 g. The air pressure during
the formation of fiber waste when the fiber passes through the first cylinder is less than
when the fiber passes through the second cylinder. Therefore, the fiber content of the waste
after passing through the second saw cylinder is less.
1- two-cylinder fiber cleaner with one saw cylinder;
2- two-cylinder fiber cleaner with two saw cylinders;
3- two-cylinder fiber cleaner with one saw cylinder and a fiber cleaner with a
feeding table;
4-two-cylinder fiber cleaner with two saw cylinders and a fiber cleaner with a
feeding table.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1
2
3
4
26,6
35,3
32,2
36,6
C
le
an
si
n
g
e
ff
ec
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%
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Figure - 2. The cleaning effect of the experimental installation on four options
for fiber cleaning
When connecting the fiber cleaner section with a power unit with a single-drum
fiber cleaner, the mass fraction of defects and impurities was: after gin 3.36%, after the
unit 2.51%, cleaning effect 32.2%, fiber content in waste 43.14%, when clogged raw
cotton from a gin tray 0.81%. When operating a double-drum fiber cleaner and a fiber
cleaner with a power unit, the mass fraction of defects and impurities was: after gin
4.867%, after the unit 3.11%, cleaning effect 36.10%, fiber content in waste 35.05%. With
the same contamination of raw cotton, the fiber content in the waste decreases with the
connection of the second saw cylinder. The cleaning effect remained almost unchanged
with the connection of a fiber cleaner with a power unit compared to a double-drum fiber
cleaner, since in this case, when the unit was operating, the contamination of raw cotton
from the gin tray was 1.36% versus 0.81%. When comparing the fractional composition
of the fiber after the unit, the results are better than after single-drum and double-drum
fiber cleaners.
Large debris in the fiber after a single-drum fiber cleaner was 1.507% versus
0.836%, and in the fiber after a single-drum fiber cleaner + fiber cleaner with a feed unit,
uluk 0.6% versus 0.403%, broken seeds 1.162% versus 0.560, peel with fiber 0.68%
versus 0.45%, small litter 0.44% versus 0.36%. A comparison of a double-drum fiber
cleaner with a double-drum fiber cleaner + a fiber cleaner with a feed unit shows the
following results: large debris 0.892% versus 1.024%, uluk 0.484% versus 0.484%,
broken seeds 0.596% versus 0.464%, peel with fiber 1.054% versus 0.625%, small debris
0 .64% vs. 0.513%.
Conclusions.
Based on the results of the developed technology for cleaning cotton fiber, the
following conclusions can be drawn: modernization of the fiber cleaner allows you to
reduce the air pressure at the outlet to zero, which leads to a decrease in air consumption,
an increase in the cleaning effect and a reduction in the fibrous mass in waste by 35-40%,
compared to single drum fiber cleaner. At the same time, the presence of a switch valve
allows you to regulate the degree of fiber cleaning, at the same time, cleaning the fiber on
two saw cylinders more fully preserves the properties, and the group of gin - fiber cleaners
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on the reverse side towards elasticity is promising, and therefore research in this direction
should be continued.
References
1. Agzamov M. et al. Search for ways to increase yield and improve product quality
in the process of saw ginning //IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
– IOP Publishing, 2021. – Т. 939. – №. 1. – P. 012073.
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cotton fiber cleaning technology //Textile Journal of Uzbekistan. – 2019. – Т. 7. – №. 1. –
P. 12-16.
3. Agzamov M. et al. Search for ways to increase yield and improve product quality
in the process of saw ginning //IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
– IOP Publishing, 2021. – Т. 939. – №. 1. – P. 012073.
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straight-through fiber cleaner // Modern materials, technology and technology. – 2017. –
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5. Olimov O. T., Makhammadiev Z. O. Innovative complex for multi-stage cleaning
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