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HUMAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE VIEWS OF AHMAD WISE
Miltiqboev Babur Zokirovich
Researcher of the National University of Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15727491
Annotation:
this article analyzes the views of Ahmad Donish, a major 19th-
century enlightener and thinker, on human philosophy. In the works of the
author Ahmad Donish, he illuminates the essence of man, his spiritual and moral
perfection, his place in society and his attitude to science from a philosophical
point of view. According to wisdom, a person is a being capable of transforming
his life and society in a positive way through thought and enlightenment. The
article also reveals the idea of the “perfect man” that the Thinker put forward, its
interpretation in relation to values such as spirituality, morality, justice and
conscience. The results of the study show that Ahmad Donish's views on man
retain their relevance even in today's socio-spiritual life.
Keywords:
Ahmad wisdom, human philosophy, perfect man,
contemplation, spirituality, ethics, Enlightenment, science, society, Justice, social
consciousness, enlightenment, philosophical views
.
The study of the human being in philosophy has an ancient history, while
ancient Greek philosophers viewed it as a particle in space. In the views of
medieval eastern thinkers, theocentrism is considered as a being created by God
with priority, and in its nature there is goodness and evil. If a person is left alone,
not brought up in the spirit of humanity, it is rare for a person to win the favor of
God so that a person must always seek to seek and seek good theosentiristic
views that exist. These theocentric ideas were hokumized in the European fa;Safi
tradition until the mid-19th century. According to various creationistic theories
reflecting Christianity, the whole world, including the living world (selves,
animals, man), was created in its perfect form. This view, based on the gospel
tradition that the world was created in six days, prevailed until the evolutionary
theory of Davrin appeared in European thought.
The founders of theocentric theory do not believe that it is possible to
understand the world through rational thinking and acquisition of knowledge, as
adherents of ancient Greek and materialistic views do, but through the
revelations described in the Bible. It is believed that these revelations can only
be understood through belief in biblical creeds .
The philosophy of theocentrism began to displace anthropocentrism and
cosmocentrism. By the Renaissance, there were serious changes in approaches
to man. During this period, the sense of self-awareness and social perspective
began to express interests as a result of growth. Man matured as a person. He
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began to realize himself more and more strongly as the creator of his personal
life and fate. Man began to try to gain independence and subjugate nature to
himself, and began to believe that his creative possibilities were limitless . The
new era brought human philosophy to the forefront-by this period, the attitude
towards the study of man had changed. In relation to man, the knower began to
be viewed as a conscious subject. The view as the founder of social relations
gave rise to a new approach. It is the Renaissance and the new age that human
philosophy is present in the views of Ahmadi sages that can be understood by
studying its philosophical heritage. On the basis of the fact that man was created
by God and the opening of social relations on the example of the King, the
theocentristic and New Times reflect the content of human philosophy.
The study of knowledge of human philosophy also had a great influence on
the philosophy of Ahmad The Wise. His scientific heritage analyzes the need for
the development of society through Man, knowledge and reason. As the basis of
building a Just Society, Science, thinking and ethics emphasize that they are the
main factors. Ahmad Donish emphasizes responsibility to society, arguing that
fair governance, equality and scientific progress are important in the
development of a person.
In the philosophical heritage of Ahmad wise, in such an approach to human
philosophy, the importance of medieval eastern philosophers was great. About
the creation of man says: people, like gold, silver mines, are also one culture.
Man is actually made of soil. In the womb of the earth are all kinds of Madans
who do not stumble upon each other. A similar person, according to his internal
and external capacities, does not look like any other. Some have hard, iron-like
tongues, and some are soft, like lead. No ore loses its quality with how much it is
used and becomes a second ore. A similar person, no matter how much he is
brought up, cannot comprehend his quality in the original creation. The
conclusion is that in the world of life, living things have a three-species quality.
These are animalistic, satanic, and Malacological qualities. By combining these
three powers, thus creating a living thing from Hamir, his horse was placed by
man .
In the philosophy of Ahmad wise man, it is impossible that man was created
by God before, and that he was moral, that Satan beware of the evil-doer, that
man be moral, and that the purpose of men should be the same. It will be a
unique way for everyone to reduce their own profit or damage to themselves.
Emphasizes that each person will have his own opinion, which he thinks.
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Some people in the world are such a Highness that they do not look at the
step to the throne of the Khans and the crown of the tsars. They turn a blind eye
to all that is under the lunar paralysis. They will not stop anywhere until they
join the angelic realm. Some people are of such a low nature that they see it
better to lie smeared in the ashes of sin than to be wrapped in sinjobu-samur
beds. From riding on the Kaykovus throne, the shiver knows more than lying on
his side on the garbage. Another is that Hillary, in the qualities of good, says
them more than an angel. On the contrary, from some, the dog also looks better.
Ahmad wise places more emphasis on man's ethics when describing him. In
his philosophical views on man, the approach of medieval eastern Renaissance
allomas became noticeable. The philosophy of religion is also evident in his
views. In the views of Central Asian thinkers, man was believed to be guided by
theoretical intelligence. Al-Farabi notes that " what forms a human personality,
makes it different from other mahluqot and develops human senses in it is its
active intelligence. This power is before - the only ability in the head that power
is able to think, reflect, but to bring to life, that is, not able to introduce.” Active
strength is needed to bring the mind to life. Active power is intelligence. It is this
intelligence that gives a person the opportunity to influence external events and
motivate him to develop.
Joseph Hos Khojib notes that man is not eternal in the world, any man who
kjelgan to this world will go to time. The value of a person's life is determined
not by how long he has lived, but by what good deeds he has done, the trace he
left in life. After a person has passed through the universe, in this world there
remain two different names, one bad and the other good. He argued that a
person should leave himself as good a name as possible, receive good applause .
Such a reflection of the views of eastern alloms is also manifested in the views of
wisdom.
Bilgil Olloch with infinite knowledge, which I have known for a long time, is
the source of all maturation itself. How many wonderful and strange things were
created in the Earth and in the sky. Then he created these things.
Then, wanting to bring these things out into the world, he prepared and
created minds, patterns, catastrophes and stars. These are luminous basitic
spirits and basitic bodies. By means of these, he created the universe of unsur
(element) and the world of fauna and fauna (plant and live-inanimate). These
are content solitary spirits and bodies. The lightest and thinnest spirit and no
other than light can be seen within the bodies. The heaviest and darkest spirit
and no other than the darkest appears within the bodies. Now the reality of both
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of these-light and darkness, light and darkness-has not been revealed. But Olloch
wanted to show his power all the time. Therefore, he wanted to bring the truth
of light and darkness to the surface. In doing this, it was necessary to create a
div with the qualities of light and darkness. And he is a matured man who
reveals the truth of light and darkness. ... the order of creation of Man consists of
a radiant mind and a dark soul
1
.
From these thoughts of Ahmad Donish, one can understand that a person is
understood in the spirit siufat between faith and lust. It can be said that the
strong presence of faith leads to darkness, while the triumph of lust for reason
leads to darkness. When the light of reason wins in the creation of man, he seeks
to find the secrets of the unseen world. He claimed that if the lust is victorious,
he will try to unravel the secrets of the world. In the opinion of Ahmad donnish,
the struggle of reason and lust in the human inner world compares to the
conflict between light and darkness.
And whosoever is inclined towards the unseen, in the sight of wisdom, he is
one of the saved. That is, living with the mind, relying on the mind, leads to its
achievement of happiness. Instead, immersion in the world of the abyss gives
ishira to his misfortune to fall into darkness. "The fact that the universe is made
up of highs and lows is due to the fact that human life is also made up of high
lows, and the world of life is made up of perturbations and structures, and its
perturbation is more than tzuil. Until then, those who are interested in the world
of tubalik are more than those who want the world of height. Because the
appearance itself requires darkness and chastity”
2
. From this it can be said that
in the human world there is a conflict between good and evil, a conflict that
refers to the constant struggle of a person throughout his life and the fact that a
person, through his own choice, reaches light or sinks into darkness.
Ahmad believes that Wise's pursuit of good in his views by pointing out
why Man is created and what is good and what should be desired, should follow
the path of Reason, Science, in order to achieve height and light. The right-of-
way is closed and its leader is Olloch. The corrupt YoY is open and his guide is
Satan. It is impossible to go to the right path until someone leads. And it is not
worth the one who leads to the Broken Path. because the soul itself is ready to
walk this path. And the fruits of taste of this path are cash. The interests and
results of the right path are prose. When this happens, high-ranking spirits
perceive such nasiya as nahs. It is necessary to obtain knowledge in order to
1
Ahmad Donish. Navodir –ul vaqoe. Fors-tojikdan tarjima qiluvchilar. Alixonto’ra Sog’uniy va A.Xamroyev.
Toshkent-Istanbul 2021. B-19.
2
Qarang: o’sha manba. B-20.
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achieve the right path from thoughts. And the science comes from the coach.
That is, the truth points to the way someone leads. The interests and results of
the right path are prose, which means that it will take many years to get
knowledge and have reason. Knowing that the end of the abyss is darkness
(giving a hint to hell), he thinks that there is salvation at the end. And writes that
the end is doomed. Therefore, Haro argues that dam must think about his
appearance.
In his views, wisdom called on the pursuit of light, that is, of reason, to
refrain from indulging in lust and striving to know the secret of the world. He
says that the entry of lust into the pursuit of knowledge of the secrets of the
world can be counted from misfortunes that fall into the depths of madness and
the abandonment of science. His quest for knowledge of the unseen world leads
to his attainment of perfection.
As a progressive thinker of his time, Ahmad Donish promoted deep
philosophical views on human nature, its place in society and its maturation. He
describes man as a maturing being on the basis of thought, spirituality and
moral values. The idea of a “perfect person”, which wisdom emphasized —
manifests itself as the basis not only of personal, but also of social progress
It is believed that the most important factors of human development are
science, enlightenment and morality. It specifically emphasizes the decisive role
of Science and thought in combating ignorance, building a just society, and
protecting human rights. Even today, the views of Ahmad Donish retain their
relevance. Because the ideas he put forward serve as an important theoretical
basis in the processes of appreciation of a person, the development of his
thinking potential and spiritual education.
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